• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.23-42
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of somatization psychological mechanism among Sasang constitution. Methods : Subjects were seventy four students of Won-Kwang university responded the questionnaire. We evaulated the subjects using Minnesota Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II(QSCC II), Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2(MMPI-2), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale(SSAS), Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire(SIQ) and The Ways of Stress Coping Questionnaire(SCQ). Results : From the results of Clinical scale of MMPI-2, the scores of 2nd, 9th, 10th scales was significantly difference. In Lesser Yin group 10th score was the significantly highest of the others, 1st, 3rd, 6th, 7th, 8th score were the highest but not significant. and From the results of PSY-5 scale(The Personality Psychopathology Five scale) of MMPI-2, In Lesser Yin goup, INTR(Introversion/Low Positive Emotion) score was significantly highest, PSYC(psychoticism), NEGE (Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism) was higher than the others. In TAS-20K, SSAS, SIQ and SCQ Lesser Yin group was not significantly difference. but Lesser Yin group had the tendency of difficulty describing feelings and externally oriented thinking and higher score in physical and psychological interpretation. We observed generally lower levels of stress coping strategy scores than the others. Conclusions : These results showed that Lesser Yin group tend to somatization compared other constitution.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2004

Objective: This study was designed to compared the effect of general acupuncture on degenerative arthritis of knee joint with 8 constitution acupuncture by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). Methods: VAS was used for this research, with the pain indicator of 10 and 0 which represents a pain of first visit and a status of no pain respectively. Two groups, consisting of 40 patients, was randomly allocated for this research. SPSS(Statistic Program for Social Science) 10.0 for window was used for a statistical analysis. Independent T-test and Mann Whitney U test was performed to evaluate the improvement of each group by the treatment number and to compare that of two groups. Results: As a result of the comparison analysis between two groups after 20th treatment, the improvement of subjective symptoms in 8 constitution acupuncture group was shown more effective than that in general acupuncture group, while, After 10th treatment, there was no significant difference between two groups in VAS. Conclusion: It is suggested that the effect of 8 constitution acupuncture should be significantly different from that of general acupuncture on degenerative arthritis of knee joint. Further study is needed to confirm the effectiveness of 8 constitution acupuncture.

• 철학연구
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• 제148권
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• pp.1-27
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• 2018

1987년에 제정된 제10호 헌법은 21세기 한국 민주주의의 이론적 토대 역할을 한다. 이 헌법에 내재된 인권 존중, 불의에 대한 저항, 균등의식 등은 유가철학의 내용과 괴리되지 않는다. 이는 21세기 한국의 헌법정신이 민주주의 이념과 유가철학의 영향을 받아 형성되었음을 의미한다. 그러나 제10호 헌법은 유신헌법 때 수용되고 군부세력들이 계승했던 '자유민주적 기본질서'의 사상을 중시한다. 이는 자유와 평등의 양립보다 자유를 평등보다 우선하는 자유주의의 영향을 받은 것이다. 이 때문에 공공의 복리나 민중의 유익보다 부르주아계급의 이익을 확대하는 정책이 많이 펼쳐진다. 특히 이명박과 박근혜 정권 동안에 불균등한 현상이 많이 양산되었다. 21세기 유가철학은 이러한 불평등한 사회를 비판적으로 바라본다. 유가철학은 상대적 박탈감이 인간을 소외시키는 역할을 하는 것으로 생각하고, 균등한 관계의 중요성을 강조한다. 또한 이 헌법은 법치주의를 강조한다. 그러나 법치주의는 자연법을 함유한 헌법정신이 제도를 통해 현실에 적용될 때에 법실증주의의 실정법을 중시한다. 이는 자율적인 판단과 선택을 지양하고, 타율에 의존하도록 유도한다. 이러한 타율적인 법률은 강제성을 동반한다. 이러한 실정법은 인간을 자유롭고 창의적인 생각을 하는 능동적인 존재가 아니라, 이미 정해진 틀에 무비판적으로 적응하게 하는 수동적인 존재로 전락시킬 수 있다. 유가철학은 법치주의를 인간을 수단화하는 제도로 여기며 비판한다. 유가철학은 인간을 도구가 아니라, 도덕적인 존재로 여긴다. 유가철학은 삶의 원리를 자각적으로 깨달은 도덕성을 통해 건강한 사회를 구축하고자 한다. 유가철학은 인간을 본래 자유로운 존재로 생각한다. 따라서 인간은 타율적인 존재가 아니라, 자율적인 존재이다. 유가철학에 의하면 인간은 내면에 함유된 도덕성을 스스로 깨달아 스스로의 판단과 선택을 책임 있게 실행할 수 있는 존재이다. 따라서 인간을 불신의 대상이 아니라 신뢰의 대상으로 여기는 유가철학은 법률을 통한 형벌의 방법보다 교화를 통한 인간다움의 실현을 중시한다. 이는 실정법이라는 타율성에 의해 존엄한 가치가 지켜지지 않고, 자율적인 선택과 판단에 의해 인간의 정체성이 유지될 수 있음을 의미한다. 이처럼 제10호 헌법에 포함된 자유민주주의와 실정법의 문제에 대한 유가 철학의 지적은 현대 한국 사회의 모순을 본질적으로 해결하는 면에 도움이 될 수 있다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.365-380
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• 2002

This study was to develop and evaluate injury prevention education proposal which will helpful and can be utilized directly on the first line spot for elementary school children. Education proposal development and evaluation process was 1) Construction of 10-times education proposal contents proper to schooler 2) Testify validity through 3 pediatric nursing professor and 4 elementary school nurse 3) Pretest was done from March, 2002 to July on 3-6th grade 313 elementary school students 4) Through correction and revision after pretest evaluation meeting, final injury prevention education proposal was developed 5) After 10-times injury education, evaluation was carried out about the degree of help in education contents and general constitution of injury education to total subjects of educated children. Injury prevention education proposal consists of 10 times and each subjects are followings. 1st is 「introduction of injury prevention education and the importance of injury prevention」 2nd is「safety in and around home」, 3rd is 「injury prevention in school」, 4th is 「prevention of violence」, 5th is 「motor vehicle safety」, 6th is 「water safety」, 7th is 「prevention of fire and burns」, 8th is 「toy and product safety」, 9th is 「sports and recretional activities safety」and the final 10th is 「injury prevention caused by animals」. In the evaluation, the degree of help in education contents showed it helped to children averaged 1.66 and general constitution showed averaged 2.17 that children satisfied about developed injury prevention proposal. This study expected to provide systematic and concrete guidance in injury prevention education for elementary school children.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.372-382
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• 2000

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to explore the differences in the effect of aromatherapy according to the type of Sasang constitution. The subjects were fifty-three nursing students experiencing clinical practice from March 10th. 2000 to April 22nd, 2000. For experiment, researcher used inhalation of 2% grape seed oil mixed with Rosemary oil for 2 minutes and massage with same oil for 20 minutes on the back of subjects in the speed of 20 strokes per minutes. The instruments used for this study were Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution Class II program for personal computer developed by Kim Sun Ho et al., (1996), and Mood Questionnaire developed by Ryman. Biersner, & Larocco (1974). The concentration of IgA within saliva was analyzed by immunoturbidimeter assay. The data were analyzed using SPSS and hypotheses were examined with paired t-test and ANCOVA. The results were as follows : 1) The mean score of mood was increased significantly after aromatherapy. 2) The mean concentration of salivary IgA was increased significantly after aroma therapy. 3) There was no significant difference in the mean score of mood after aromatherapy according to the type of Sasang constitution, 4) There was no significant difference in the mean concentration of salivary IgA after aromatherapy according to the type of Sasang constitution. In conclusion, the results suggest that aromatherapy with Rosemary oil have effect on the improvement of mood and IgA within saliva in the nursing students under stress caused by clinical practice regardless of the type of Sasang constitution.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제17B권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 가수 생활 50주년으로 인기를 누리고 있는 국민 여성 가수인 이미자와 패티김에 대해 사상체질 기반의 분석 방법을 적용하여 이들의 음악적 특징을 추출하였다. 이를 위해 사상의학에서 제시하고 있는 사상체질 분류 방법 중에서 얼굴 및 음성을 통해 체질을 분류하는 용모사기론적 방법을 적용하였다. 따라서 용모사기론적 방법을 공학적으로 적용하여 동일한 연령대의 음성 및 얼굴 영상의 비교 분석을 통해 사상체질 분류 결과를 정량적으로 도출하였다. 또한 실험 결과를 이미자와 패티김에게 적용하여 동일한 실험 결과값을 확인하고 이를 기반으로 두 여성 가수에 대한 사상체질 기반의 음색 특징 및 얼굴 형태의 비교 분석을 통해 그 음악적 특징을 분석하였다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.221-270
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• 1998

Objective This research is a study about constitutional diagnosis through the external appearances as a basic principle, and it is for finding shape differences of the ear, eye, nose, mouth according to the Sasang constitution Method We have collected 209 cases of patients of the Sasang Constitutional Department, including employees of the Kyung-Hee Medical Center and took pictures of the frontal view, lateral view, oblique view of face and measured heights, deapth, breadths of ear, eye, nose, mouth with 'The Measurement of R. Martin'. We analyzed shape differences of the face according to the Sasang constitution with certain results Results We got the morphologic characteristics of ear, eye, nose and mouth according to the Sasang constitution as Table 3. -Table 10. Conclusion : 1. The morphologic characteristics of Ear according to the Sasang constitution (1) Morphologic ear length, Physiognomic ear length, Ear lobule length is longer in Taeumin than Soeumin. (2) Physiognomic ear breadth is wider in Taeumin than Soeumin. (3) Physiognomic ear length, lobule length ratio is higher in Taeumin than Soyangin. 2. The morphologic characteristics of Eye according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Inner Palpebral fissure width, 5th Palpebral fissure length, Bizygomatic breadth-Outercanthal distance is the longest in Taeumin (2) Palpebral fissure inclination is widest in Soeumin. (3) Palpebral fissure length is longer in Taeumin than Soeumin. (4) Pupillary diameter ratio is the lowest in Taeumin (5) Palpebral fissure length, width ratio is higher in Soeumin than Taeumin. (6)zygomatic breadth, Bizygomatic breadth-Outercanthal distance ratio is the higher in Taeumin than Soeumin. 3. The morphologic characteristics of Nose according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Nasion depth is deepest in Soyangin. (2) Nasion to pupillary depth is deeper Soyangin than Taeumin. (3) Nasal tip depth, Nostril to Nasalalar depth is deeper Soyangin than Taeumin. (4) Subnasale to Nasalalar depth is the shallowest in Taeumin (5) Nasalalar height is lowest in Soeumin. (6) Nasalalar to Nostril distance is deeper Taeumin than Soeumin. (7) Nasal tip depth, Nasal depth ratio is the highest in Taeumin (8) Nasal depth Nasalalar heightratio is lowest in Soeumin. (9) Midfaceheight, Nasal tip depth ratio is higher Soyangin than Taeumin. 4. The morphologic characteristics of mouth according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Lower mid lip height, Lower philtrum height, Lower quarter lip height, Total middle lip height, Total philtrum height, Total quarter lip height is the shottest in Soyangin. (2) Upper mid lip height, Upper philtrum height is longer in Taeumin than Soyangin (3) Lip inclination is higher in Soeumin than Soyangin. (4) Intercheilion breadth, total height ratio is lowest in Soyangin. (5) Total lip height, Upper philtrum height ratio is higher in Soyangin than Soeumin. (6) Lower lip height Lower quarter lip height ratio is higher in Soyangin than Taeumin. (8) Total lip area is wider in Taeumin than Soyangin.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2013

Objectives This study aimed to develop the tailored health care program based on Sasang constitution for Vietnamese and evaluate the effect of them. Methods This research was executed from Sep. $1^{st}$ 2012 to Nov. $30^{th}$ 2012 in Vietnam Hanoi National Hospital of Traditional Medicine. All of 50 vietnamese subjects participated in the tailored health care program for 8 weeks after constitutional diagnosis. During the applicable period of the 8 weeks program, follow-up visits was conducted after 1 week, 4 week, and 8 week from the first visit, and Quality of life, Anxiety, Fatigue and Sleep Quality were measured. Results The tailored Health Care Program was applied to the subjects for eight weeks. The quality of life scores of Physical Functioning (p=0.006), Pain (p=0.003) and Physical Component Score (p=0.009) were significantly increased, and the sleep quality of subjects was improved after the tailored health care program is applied. Conclusions The tailored health care program based on Sasang constitution affected to some items about the quality of life and sleep quality of the subjects. however, this result can not be generalized to all Vietnamese, and various follow-up studies are needed.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.79-99
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• 1995

The survey was done on 30 cases of obese patients who were treated by fasting therapy in the Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, oriental medical hospital in Won Kwang University from May 1995 to August 1995. The results are as follows: 1. The ratio of females to males was 1:14. The distribution was 20th decades (63%), 30th decade(13%), 10th decade(6.7%), and 40th decade(6.7%). 2. In the age of obese-prevalence, the middle to high school years was the highest number as 12 persons(40%). The 20th decade(23.3%) and 30th decade(13.3%) were the second and third highest frequency of subjects. 3. In the obesity index, 150% of ideal weight was the highest percentage with persons(40%). 120-129%(30%), 130-139%(23.3%) and 140-149%(6.7%) were in order of frequency. 4. In the family histories of obese patients, it was found that hypertension had a high incidence of 8 persons. Other evidences of family histories were DM (7), cancer (3) and CVD (2). In hereditary tendency of obese parents, it was known that hereditary tendency of obese mothers was high at 14 persons, that of obese fathers was 5 persons, and that of obese parents was 2 persons. 5. In identifying the cause of obesity, it was found that changes of diet patterns was high at 24 persons(80%). Pregnancy, birth and diseases were in order of cause. 6. The review of consumption showed that obese patients ate the same amount as non-obese persons in the case of 21 patients(70%), 8 patients(26.7%) ate more than non-obese persons and 1 person(3.3%) ate less than persons of the same ages. 7. Obese patients consumption of daily snacks was 10 persons(33%). 17 person(57%) of the obese patients ate midnight snacks every 3-4 days. 11 persons(37%) of the obese patients ate out every 3 - 4 days. 8. For the purpose of weight reduction, 15 patients(50%) used exercise. Fasting therapy(36.7%) and food restriction(33.3%) were the second and third methods used by obese patients. 9. In the relation of constitution medicine usage with obese patients, TAE-EUM-IN was 14 persons(46.7%), SO-EUM-IN was 11 persons(36.7%), and SO-YANG-IN was 5 persons(l6.7%).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.198-205
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• 2005

Korean medicated diet (KMD) is not a simple combination of food and Chinese drugs, but a special carefully constructed diet made from Sasang constitutional medicines, food and condiments under the theoretical guidance of diet preparation based on differentiation of symptoms and signs of traditional Sasang medicine (TSM). It combines the functional efficacy of medicine with the delicacy of food, and can be used to prevent and cure diseases, build up one's health and prolong one's life. Korean traditional medicated diet has a long history of development. Although influenced by Chinese medicine, Korean traditional medicine has been developed into a unique system of traditional medicine that has surpassed the continental medical practice, sublimating itself into a native medical practice suitable to Korean lifestyles and physical constitutions. In the 19th century, Lee Jema's Sasang medicine (medicine of four types of energy determining the physical constitution) was introduced. It is an integration of mind and body according to the individual's physical constitution that is categorized allowing a customized method of treatment ideal for each category-making the content of Korean traditional medicated diet even richer. The characteristics of Korean medicated diet are as follows: (1) Laying stress on the wole, selecting medicated diet on the basis of differential diagnosis. (2) Suitable for prevention and treatment, outstanding in effect. (3) Good in taste, convenient for taking. KMD refers to drink and food according to certain prescriptions, by processing and cooking that can be used either for prevention and cure of diseases, or for health care and recovery. The purpose of this review is to introduce TSM and KMD based on Sasang constitutional medicines.