• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.7-18
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• 1991

This study was experimented saccharification process added malt extract solution into cooked sweet potato and potato with time, temperature and was tested reducing sugar changes, structural changes, pH and sensory evaluation about cooked shik-hae of rice, glutinous rice, potato, sweet potato. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Enzyme activity was highest in malt after four days of barley germination at a room temperature. 2. Electronmicroscopic observation indicated that raw starch granule of potato and that of sweet potato was 25-60$\mu\textrm{m}$ and 8~18$\mu\textrm{m}$ in size, respectively and its shape is oval and globular for potato and sweet potato respectively. 3. Reducing sugars were 1,682.6mg and 1,695.6mg in rice and glutinous rice, respectively, for 6-hour-saccharification at $50^{\circ}C$. Reducing sugars were 1,689.1mg and 1,497.8mg in sweet potato, potato, respectively, for 6.hour-saccharification at $60^{\circ}C$. 4. pH variation during saccharification for sweet potato and potato was pH 5.8~5.4. 5. Sensory evalution showed that there were more significant differences in sweety odor, roasted nutty taste and sweety taste of sweet potato among four samples than the other's color shininess.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.511-514
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• 1992

쌀(아끼바레)의 침지온도 및 시간에 따른 수분흡수 양상을 조사하고, 침지조건에 따른 취반후 밥의 조직감 변화를 비교 검토하였다. 침지온도별 쌀의 수분흡수 양상은 $23^{\circ}C$의 침지온도에서는 초기 30분안에 수화가 빠르게 이루어진 후 그 후에는 거의 변화가 없는 반면, $4^{\circ}C$에서는 그 후에도 계속적으로 수화가 이루어지는 현상을 볼 수가 있었다. 밥의 조직감 변화를 침지온도에 관계없이 침지시간이 길어짐에 따라서 취반후 밥의 경도(H)는 감소된 반면 끈기(S)와 끈기 대 경도의 비(S/H)가 증가하였다. $23^{\circ}C$에서 침지시킬 경우 $4^{\circ}C$보다 침지 시간에 따른 끈기와 끈기 대 경도의 비가 커졌다. 본 실험조건에서는 적당한 조직감을 갖는 끈기 대 경도의 비가 $0.15{\sim}0.2$ 사이에 들어가는 침지시간은 $4^{\circ}C$에서 $10{\sim}40$분 구간이며, $23^{\circ}C$에서는 $10{\sim}20$분 구간이었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.416-420
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• 1998

전자렌지를 사용하여 취반한 밥과 기존의 취반기구인 압력솥과 전기밥솥으로 취반한 밥의 관능적 특성, 기계적인 텍스쳐, 호화도를 조사하였고, 저장중의 변화도 함께 측정하였다. 관능검사결과, 전자렌지와 압력솥 취 반미는 유의적인 차이가 없었고, 전기밥솥 취 반미가 다른 취반기구에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 선호도를 나타냈다. 기계적인 텍스쳐 특성은 취반 직후에는 시료간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 저장한 시료에서는 압력솥 취반미의 hardness가 다른 취반미에 비해 큰 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 전자렌지 취반미가 다른 취반기구의 취반미에 비해 노화가 빨리 일어나지는 않았다. 효소법에 의한 호화도를 측정한 결과, 저장기간이 경과됨에 따라 모든 취반미 시료의 호화도가 감소되었으나, 취반기구에 따른 차이는 유의적이지 않았다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the cooking properties of Bodeurami and Ilmi to promote consumption of rice. Methods: The properties of Bodeurami and Ilmi such as proximate composition, Hunter's color value, water absorption rate, and cooking properties as well as Hunter's color value, texture properties, and sensory evaluation of cooked rice were analyzed. Results: Crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash contents of Bodeurami and Ilmi were higher in brown rice than in white rice. Regardless of rice cultivars, L-value was lower, whereas a and b-values were higher in brown rice than in white rice. The water absorption rate of rice grains was higher in white rice than in brown rice and increased rapidly to 75 min for white rice and 4 hr for brown rice. Cooking properties, water absorption, and expansibility of white rice were higher than those of brown rice, and there were significant differences between Bodeurami and Ilmi. Immediately after cooking and after storage at warm ($70^{\circ}C$) and room temperatures ($25^{\circ}C$), hardness of cooked rice increased after storage, but was not significantly different between Bodeurami white rice and Ilmi brown rice. The sensory evaluation shows that Bodeurami brown rice scored the highest for taste, texture and overall preference. Conclusion: Thus, the results of this study shows that Bodeurami brown rice is characterized by high cooking quality without any mixed white rice, and Bodeurami white rice could be used for the rice processing industry as well as cooked rice.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.326-338
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of isolate soybean protein (ISP) and rice flour on the characteristics of rice noodles. As the levels of ISP and rice flour increased, water binding capacity, swelling power of rice noodle increased. In RVA, pasting temperature, Set back showed an increasing tendency with peak viscosity, holding viscosity, break down, final viscosity of rice noodle increased as the level of rice flour by decreasing. Peak time was not significant. The weight, water absorption and volume of the cooked noodles were decreased. The turbidity of rice noodle increased. The Hunter color L, a-values of the dried rice noodle decreased. Cooked rice noodle quality increased with by decreasing the level of rice flour level. B-values of dried rice noodle and cooked rice noodle increased. Texture profile analysis of cooked rice noodle showed an increase of hardness. Adhesiveness, cohesiveness of cooked rice noodles decreased with by decreasing the level of ISP and rice flour. Gumminess, springiness, chewiness were increased. Sensory evaluation, showed gloss was increased. Hardness and chewiness of the cooked ice noodles were increased. Adhesiveness was not significant. Color and overall- acceptability were increased. Relationship between sensory and mechanical examinations (The overall quality of sensory examination for gloss) had a negative correlation with the mechanical examination for b-value (p.0.05). Mechanical examination for b-value had a positive correlation of sensory evaluation for hardness, chewiness, which had negative correlation of sensory evaluation for color. Scanning Electron, Microscopes observation of rice noodle was showed that the size of the hole grown was increased with by increasing the level of rice flour. From the above results, the most advisable mixture ratio of rice noodle evaluation was can be derived as follows: 171g rice flour, 114g wheat flour, 15g soybean protein isolate, 120ml water, and 6g salt.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.295-295
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• 2017

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world. The eating quality of cooked rice is the most important trait japonica rice breeding in Korea. Rice varieties that produce kernels that are firm and fluffy after cooking are generally favored in countries such as India, Pakistan, and Indonesia. Whereas varieties with kernels that maintain its shape, glossiness, savory odor, stickiness, and tenderness when cooked are preferred in Korea. This study analyzed the major physicochemical components of rice grain associated with the eating quality of 20 japonica rice varieties. Physicochemical components such as the amylose content, protein content, amylographic characteristics of polished rice, and texture of cooked rice were tested using a Tensipresser as alternative indirect methods in determining rice eating quality. Evaluation of eating quality of cooked rice using sensory test was conducted with 20 well trained members. The 20 rice varieties in different eating quality showed amylose contents of 17~20%. The amylose content of rice varieties had negative correlation with peak viscosity, however positive correlation with setback viscosity was observed. The stickiness and adhesiveness of cooked rice showed correlation with the amylose content and amylopectin chain length distribution. Rice varieties with good eating quality showed less retrogradation of cooked rice and higher hot viscosity of rice flour in amylogram.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.765-770
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• 2017

본 연구는 소비자가 추구하는 기능성 식품의 다양한 개발을 위해 녹차를 쌀밥에 접목시킴으로써 녹차의 생리활성이 부여된 기능성 쌀밥의 개발 가능성 검토를 위해 실시하였다. 녹차분말을 첨가한 쌀밥의 항산화 활성과 생리활성 물질의 변화 및 물성 변화를 알아보기 위해 취반 시 사용되는 물에 녹차분말을 1, 2, 3%로 첨가하여 취반하였다. 이후 제조된 밥은 동결건조 후 메탄올 추출물을 이용하여 항산화 성분 및 항산화 활성을 분석하였다. 또한, 취반 후 물성을 측정하여 그 변화를 알아보았다. 취반 후 녹차분말의 함량이 증가할수록 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드의 함량이 농도 의존적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 쌀밥의 항산화 활성은 첨가한 녹차분말의 농도에 의존적으로 ABTS 및 DPPH 라디칼 제거능력이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 환원력 및 지질과산화억제 효과에서도 첨가된 녹차분말에 의존적으로 활성이 증가하였다. 반면 녹차분말을 첨가한 쌀밥의 물성을 측정한 결과 녹차를 첨가하였을 때 경도가 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이 연구 결과를 통해 녹차분말을 첨가하여 취반할 경우 식감을 유지하면서 녹차의 생리활성 물질도 부여할 수 있어 기능성 쌀 가공식품으로서의 적극적인 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양학회 2001년도 동계 학술심포지움
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• pp.39-74
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• 2001

The endeavors enhancing the grain quality of high-yielding japonica rice were steadily continued during 1980s∼1990s along with the self-sufficiency of rice production and the increasing demands of high-quality rices. During this time, considerably great, progress and success was obtained in development of high-quality japonica cultivars and qualify evaluation techniques including the elucidation of interrelationship between the physicochemical properties of rice grain and the physical or palatability components of cooked rice. In 1990s, some high-quality japonica rice caltivars and special rices adaptable for food processing such as large kernel, chalky endosperm aromatic and colored rices were developed and its objective preference and utility was also examined by a palatability meter, rapid-visco analyzer and texture analyzer. The water uptake rate and the maximum water absorption ratio showed significantly negative correlations with the K/Mg ratio and alkali digestion value(ADV) of milled rice. The rice materials showing the higher amount of hot water absorption exhibited the larger volume expansion of cooked rice. The harder rices with lower moisture content revealed the higher rate of water uptake at twenty minutes after soaking and the higher ratio of maximum water uptake under the room temperature condition. These water uptake characteristics were not associated with the protein and amylose contents of milled rice and the palatability of cooked rice. The water/rice ratio (in w/w basis) for optimum cooking was averaged to 1.52 in dry milled rices (12% wet basis) with varietal range from 1.45 to 1.61 and the expansion ratio of milled rice after proper boiling was average to 2.63(in v/v basis). The major physicochemical components of rice grain associated with the palatability of cooked rice were examined using japonica rice materials showing narrow varietal variation in grain size and shape, alkali digestibility, gel consistency, amylose and protein contents, but considerable difference in appearance and torture of cooked rice. The glossiness or gross palatability score of cooked rice were closely associated with the peak. hot paste and consistency viscosities of viscogram with year difference. The high-quality rice variety “Ilpumbyeo” showed less portion of amylose on the outer layer of milled rice grain and less and slower change in iodine blue value of extracted paste during twenty minutes of boiling. This highly palatable rice also exhibited very fine net structure in outer layer and fine-spongy and well-swollen shape of gelatinized starch granules in inner layer and core of cooked rice kernel compared with the poor palatable rice through image of scanning electronic mcroscope. Gross sensory score of cooked rice could be estimated by multiple linear regression formula, deduced from relationship between rice quality components mentioned above and eating quality of cooked rice, with high Probability of determination. The ${\alpha}$ -amylose-iodine method was adopted for checking the varietal difference in retrogradation of cooked rice. The rice cultivars revealing the relatively slow retrogradation in aged cooked rice were Ilpumbyeo, Chucheongbyeo, Sasanishiki, Jinbubyeo and Koshihikari. A Tongil-type rice, Taebaegbyeo, and a japonica cultivar, Seomjinbyeo, shelved the relatively fast deterioration of cooked rice. Generally, the better rice cultivars in eating quality of cooked rice showed less retrogiadation and much sponginess in cooled cooked rice. Also, the rice varieties exhibiting less retrogradation in cooled cooked rice revealed higher hot viscosity and lower cool viscosity of rice flour in amylogram. The sponginess of cooled cooked rice was closely associated with magnesium content and volume expansion of cooked rice. The hardness-changed ratio of cooked rice by cooling was negatively correlated with solids amount extracted during boiling and volume expansion of cooked rice. The major physicochemical properties of rice grain closely related to the palatability of cooked rice may be directly or indirectly associated with the retrogradation characteristics of cooked rice. The softer gel consistency and lower amylose content in milled rice revealed the higher ratio of popped rice and larger bulk density of popping. The stronger hardness of rice grain showed relatively higher ratio of popping and the more chalky or less translucent rice exhibited the lower ratio of intact popped brown rice. The potassium and magnesium contents of milled rice were negatively associated with gross score of noodle making mixed with wheat flour in half and the better rice for noodle making revealed relatively less amount of solid extraction during boiling. The more volume expansion of batters for making brown rice bread resulted the better loaf formation and more springiness in rice bread. The higher protein rices produced relatively the more moist white rice bread. The springiness of rice bread was also significantly correlated with high amylose content and hard gel consistency. The completely chalky and large gram rices showed better suitability for fermentation and brewing. Our breeding efforts on rice quality improvement for the future should focus on enhancement of palatability of cooked rice and marketing qualify as well as the diversification in morphological and physicochemical characteristics of rice grain for various value-added rice food processings.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2013

Descriptive analysis and consumer acceptance tests were conducted with frozen (FCR), homemade (HCR), and aseptic-packaged (ACR) cooked rice products from two cultivars-IM and SD. FCR was prepared using a rapid freezing process, which may provide consumers with a quality similar to that of HCR. The intensity of the flavors of roasted, glutinous rice, rice cake, and rice starch and the textures of glutinousness, moistness, chunkiness, adhesiveness, and squishiness were all greater in the FCR as compared to the HCR and ACR (p<0.05) in IM and SD cultivars. The differences in sensory characteristics between the FCR and ACR were larger than the equivalent differences between the FCR and HCR. Overall consumer acceptance ratings for FCR in overall aspect, appearance, aroma, and texture were not significantly different compared to those for HCR (p>0.05); however, in most cases these factors showed significant differences when compared with ACR (p<0.05). From partial least square regression analysis, cooked rice was positively related to sweet, transparency, glossiness, roasted, glutinousness, chunkiness, moistness, glutinous rice, adhesiveness, rice shape, rice starch, and squishiness attributes but negatively related to raw rice, old rice, old rice aroma, a particle feeling, off-aroma, white color, scatteredness, slickness, size of cooked rice, and firmness attributes.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.521-524
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• 2016

쌀밥의 조직감 측정시 가장 보편적으로 사용되는 텍스처 프로파일 분석(TPA)에 있어서, 모방적기기인 texture analyser를 사용하여 측정조건, 즉 압착율과 탐침이동속도를 달리하면서 4종류의 즉석쌀밥 시료들에 대한 경도, 점착성, 응집성, 씹힘성 및 탄성을 측정하였다. 4종류의 즉석쌀밥 시료들은 압착율과 탐침이동속도가 달라짐에 따라, 각각의 조직감 특성에 있어서 시료들 사이에 유의적인 차이를 보이거나 보이지 않는 변화를 보였다. 또한, 다섯가지 조직감 특성을 모두 고려하여 군집분석을 수행했을 경우에도 측정조건에 따라서 4종류 시료들이 서로 다르게 그룹화되는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 더불어, 쌀밥의 조직감 평가시 사용되는 '점착성/경도'값도 측정조건에 따라 4종류 시료들이 서로 다른 값을 보여주었다. 이들 결과를 토대로, 쌀밥의 조직감 측정시 쌀밥의 관능적 조직감 특성을 객관적으로 언급할 목적으로 기기적 측정을 수행한다면, 여러 분석을 통해 관능검사 결과와 가장 부합하는 측정 조건을 선택하는 것이 필요하며, 특정한 기기적 측정조건을 설정할 경우 실험목적에 따라 여러 특성을 고려하여 적합한 측정조건을 설정하는 것이 매우 중요하다 하겠다.