• Title/Summary/Keyword: textural property

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Processing of Water Activity Controlled Fish Meat Paste by Dielectric Heating 1. Formulation and Processing Conditions (내부가열을 이용한 보장성어육(고등어) 연제품의 가공 및 제품개발에 관한 연구 1. 원료${\cdot}$첨가물의 배합 및 가공조건)

  • LEE Kang-Ho;LEE Byeong-Ho;You Byeong-Jin;SUH Jae-Soo;JO Jin-Ho;JEONG In-Hak;JEA Yoi-Guan
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.353-360
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    • 1984
  • As an effort to expand the utilization of mackerel which has been thought disadvantageous to processors due to the defects in bloody dark color of meat, high content of lipid, and low stability of protein, and to develope a new type of product, so called, preservative fish meat paste, the processing method was studied in which dielectric heating was applied by means of cooking, pasteurization, dehydration, and control of water activity. The principle of this method is based on that dielectric heating can initiate a rapid dispersion or displacement of moisture in the meat tissue so that the level of water acivity can be controlled by dehydration with hot air meanwhile the product is cooked, pasteurized, and texturized. And the product is finally heated with electric heaters and vacuum sealed to stabilize water activity and storage stability. In present paper, a formula for preparing the fish meat-stach paste, the conditions of dielectric heating and dehydration, shape and size of the product, and other parameters were tested to optimize the process operation. A formula of the fish meat-starch paste to provide proper textural properties and water activity was $10\%$ starch, $1.5\%$ salt, $3\%$ soybean, $0.6\%$ MSG, $2\%$ sucrose, and $3\%$ sorbitol against the weight of fish meat. A proper shape and size of the product to avoid foaming and case hardening during heating was sliced disc of 8 cm $diameter{\times}0.8$ cm thickness or $10{\times}10$ cm square plate with 1.0 cm thickness. The disc shape was recommended because it resulted more uniform heating, minimum foaming and case hardening. And it was also advantageous that disc was simply provided when the fish meat disc was stuffed in the same, solidified in boiling water for 2 to 3 minutes, and sliced. Condition of dielectric heating was critical to decide the levels of sterility, water activity, and textural property of the product. The temperature at the center of the meat disc slices was raised up to $95^{\circ}C$ in 1.5 minutes so that continuous exposure to microwave caused expanded tissue and hardening ending up with a higher water content. Heating for 5 to 6 minutes was adequate to yield the final water activity of 0.86 to 0.83(35 to $40\%$ moisture). It is important, however, that heating had to be done periodically, for instance, in the manner of 2.0, 1.5, 1.5, and 1.0 minute to give enough time to displace or evaporate moisture from the meat tissue. The product was dehydrated for 2 to 3 minutes by hot air of $60^{\circ}C$, 3 to 5m/sec and finally exposed to electric heaters for 5 to 6 minutes until the surface was roasted deep brown. These conditions of heating and dehydration resulted in a complete reduction of total plate count from an initial count of $5.3{\times}10^6/g$ to less than $3{\times}10^2/g$. General composition of the product was $40.1\%$ moisture, $20.8\%$ protein, $17.4\%$ lipid, $16.2\%$ carbohydrate, and $5.5\%$ ash. Textural properties revealed folding test AA, hardness 42, cohesiveness 0.53, toughness 4.6, and elasticity 0.8.

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Physicochemical Properties of Commercial Sweet Potato Starches (시판 고구마전분의 이화학적 특성)

  • Baek, Man-Hee;Cha, Dong-Su;Park, Hyun-Jin;Lim, Seung-Taik
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.755-762
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    • 2000
  • Physicochemical properties of commercial sweet potato starches manufactured by 7 different companies were investigated in comparison with corn and potato starches. Crude ash and protein content varied from 0.36 to 1.02%, and from 0.04 to 0.14% based on dry weight, respectively. The protein contents were relatively smaller than that of corn or potato starch. But whiteness of the sweet potato starches was less than that of corn or potato starch. Mean diameter of the sweet potato starch granules varied from 14.23 to $21.08\;{\mu}m$ depending on the company and all sweet potato starches showed bimodal size distributions. Pasting viscosity measured by Rapid Viscoanalyzer(RVA) also showed variations among the starches of different companies. The starch from D company in Korea had the lowest pasting temperature$(74.00^{\circ}C)$ whereas the starch from a phillippine company(P) did the highest one$(80.35^{\circ}C)$. The peak viscosity of sweet potato starches was higher than that of corn starch but lower than that of potato starch. The D company starch also showed the highest peak viscosity(2283 cp) among the starches tested. Paste breakdown by hot shearing ranged from 524 cp (S company) to 1279 cp (HL company). Textural properties of the starch gels appeared significantly different among the starches of different manufacturers. The greatest hardness of the gel was $137.90\;g_{f}$ at 1 day storage whereas the lowest value was $31.53\;g_{f}$. Except the starches from 2 companies (P and S), the sweet potato starches formed very soft and weak gels. P or S company starches formed the gels similar to potato starch. Syneresis by freeze-thawing treatments appeared less for sweet potato starch gels than that for corn starch gels, but greater than that for potato starch gel. The overall properties of the sweet potato starches varied by the manufacturing companies, and ranged between those of corn and potato starches.

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Rheological Properties of Calrose Rice and Effect of Thawing Methods on Quality Characteristics of Frozen Turmeric Rice (칼로스 쌀의 유변학적 특성과 이로 제조된 냉동 강황밥의 해동방법에 따른 품질특성 변화)

  • Kim, So Yeon;Choi, Yu Ra;Kim, Kyeong Seop;Lee, Sang Jun;Chang, Yoon Hyuk
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.46 no.6
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    • pp.771-777
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    • 2017
  • This study investigated the rheological properties of Calrose rice flour dispersions as well as the effects of different thawing methods (steamer, smart oven, and microwave oven) on quality characteristics of frozen turmeric rice. Apparent viscosity, consistency index, and yield stress significantly increased at higher rice flour concentrations. Magnitudes of storage modulus and loss modulus significantly increased with elevation of rice flour concentration. Frozen turmeric rice thawed using a steamer had the highest moisture content and largest size (length, width, and thickness) among all thawing methods. The L values of turmeric rice after thawing using a steamer was significantly higher than those of other thawing methods. The a value of turmeric rice after thawing using a steamer was significantly lower than those of other thawing methods. Textural properties (hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, brittleness, and chewiness) of frozen turmeric rice after thawing using a steamer were significantly lower than those of other thawing methods. Therefore, it can be concluded that frozen turmeric rice after thawing using a steamer might be desirable for improvement of texture.

Effect of Whole Egg Spray-drying Conditions on Physical and Sensory Properties of Sponge Cake (계란분말 제조 조건에 따른 스펀지케이크의 특성 변화)

  • Yang, Hae-Young;Lee, Jin-Sung;Park, Ki-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.310-316
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    • 2010
  • The objective of this study was to determine the optimum manufacturing conditions of whole egg powder with high foaming property sufficient for making sponge cakes. Whole eggs were either desugarized and/or adjusted pH before spray-dried at a temperature of $70^{\circ}C$. The physical properties of the cake were measured, and sensory evaluation was conducted on a 9-point scale. The pH and specific gravities of the foam and batter made from desugarized egg powder did not differ from those of the control, whereas batter made from commercial powder experienced significant loss of cake characteristics. The pH adjustment did not improve the foaming properties of the egg powders. The volume and textural properties of the cakes made from spray-dried egg did not differ from those of fresh egg. The taste and sensory characteristic scores for fresh egg, desugarized whole egg powder, and commercial powder were 5.00, 4.78, and 1.89, respectively. These results indicate that egg powders desugarized and spray-dried at $70^{\circ}C$ are sufficient for making sponge cakes with acceptable physical and sensory attributes.

Influence of Textural Structure by Heat-treatment on Electrochemical Properties of Pitch-based Activated Carbon Fiber (열처리 온도에 의한 피치계 활성탄소섬유의 기공구조 변화가 전기화학적 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Kyung Hoon;Park, Mi-Seon;Jung, Min-Jung;Lee, Young-Seak
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.598-603
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    • 2015
  • In this study, electrochemical properties of pitch-based activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were investigated by different heat-treatment temperature of the pitch-based ACFs in order to improve the specific capacitance of electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC). The ACFs were prepared by different heat-treatment temperatures of 1050 and $1450^{\circ}C$, after activation with 4 M KOH at $800^{\circ}C$ using stabilized pitch fiber. The specific surface area of prepared ACFs increased from $828m^2/g$ to $987m^2/g$, also the micropore and mesopore volumes of prepared ACFs were increased. These results because pore was produced by desorbing oxygen and hydrogen elements within the ACFs, and pore size was increased by contraction ACFs by heat-treatment process. Because of the porous properties, the specific capacitance was increased from 73 F/g to 119 F/g using cyclic voltammetry with 1 M $H_2SO_4$ at scan rates of 5 mV/s.

Sensory and mechanical characteristics of Okgalseobyung by Different ratio of Ingredient (옥갈서병의 재료배합에 따른 Texture 특성)

  • 이효지;허수연
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.538-547
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    • 2000
  • Ok-gal-seo-byung is a steamed rice cake which is made from rice flour mixed with com powder, sugars and cinnamon powder. This study aimed for exploring the best recipe of Ok-gal-seo-byung to popularize it. The most desirable recipe was determined after sensory evaluation and mechanical test for measuring texture, moisture content and colorimetry. In case of mixing rice flour with yellow com powder, the best result on each item was obtained in the following conditions: 15% of yellow com powder with honey for color, 15% of yellow com powder with sugar for flavor and sweetness, 5% of yellow com powder with honey for graininess, 5% of yellow com powder with sugar for moistness and chewiness, and 10% of yellow corn powder with sugar for overall quality. When glutinous com powder was used, the conditions giving the best results were as follows: 20% of glutinous com powder with sugar for color, graininess and chewiness, 30% of glutinous com powder with sugar for flavor, 10% of glutinous com powder with sugar for moistness and sweetness, 20% of glutinous com powder with sugar for overall quality. The best condition for each textural property was as follows: 10% of yellow com powder with sugar and 20% of glutinous com powder with sugar for springiness, 5% of yellow com powder with sugar and 30% of glutinous com powder with sugar for cohesiveness, 15% of yellow com powder with sugar and 20% of glutinous corn powder with honey for chewiness, 15% of yellow com powder with sugar and 30% of glutinous com powder with oligosaccharides for gumminess, 5% of yellow com powder with sugar and 10% of glutinous corn powder with sugar adhesiveness, 15% of yellow com powder with sugar and 30% of glutinous com powder with oligosaccharides for hardness. Moisture content in Ok-gal-seo-byung with yellow com powder and with glutinous corn powder which gave the most desirable results were 46.108% and 43.623%, respectively. As a result of colorimetry, the highest L value was obtained from 10% yellow com powder or glutinous com powder with oligosaccharides. The highest a value was obtained from 10% yellow com powder or glutinous corn powder with honey. The best b value was obtained from 15% yellow com powder with oligosaccharides and 30% glutinous corn flour with honey. Based on the results, the best recipe for Ok-gal-seo-byung was determined as follows: in case of using yellow corn powder, rice flour 315g, yellow com powder 35g, sugar 60g, water 100$m\ell$, cinnamon powder 0.5g, salt 3.5g, and in case of using glutinous com powder, rice flour 280g, glutinous com flour 70g, sugar 50g, water 110$m\ell$, cinnamon powder 0.5g, salt 3.5g.

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Effect of Red Bean Protein and Microbial Transglutaminase on Gelling Properties of Myofibrillar Protein (적소두단백질(Red Bean Protein)과 Transglutaminase를 첨가한 돈육 근원섬유 단백질의 물성 증진 효과)

  • Jang, Ho-Sik;Chin, Koo-Bok
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.782-790
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    • 2011
  • The effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and red bean protein isolate (RBPI) on gelling properties of pork myofibrillar protein (MP) in the presence of microbial transglutaminase (MTG) were studied at 0.45 M NaCl. MP paste was incubated with MTG (0.1%) at various levels (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1%) of SPI and RBPI before incubating at $4^{\circ}C$ for 4 h. The rheological property results showed that MP gel shear stress increased with increasing RBPI concentration. Cooking yield (CY) of the MP gel increased with increasing RBPI and SPI, whereas gel strength (GS) was not affected by adding RBPI or SPI. Thus, effects of incubation time (0, 4, 8, 10, and 12 h) were measured at 0.1% SPI and RBPI. GS values of the MP gel at 10 and 12 h were similar and were higher than those of the others. CY values were highest when RBPI (0.1%) was added, regardless of incubation time. The protein patterns indicated that incubating the MP with MTG for 10 h resulted in protein crosslinking between MP and RBPI or SPI. Based on these results, RBPI and SPI could be used as an ingredient to increase textural properties and cooking yield of meat protein gel.

Textural Properties of Jumbo Squid Kamaboko as Affected by Edible Starches (대왕 오징어 연제품의 Texture에 영향을 미치는 전분의 종류)

  • LEE Nahm-Gull
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.591-596
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    • 2000
  • The effect of starches such as potato, corn and wheat starch on the rheological properties of ocean jumbo squid kamaboko was investigated. Changes in the water holding capacity and color values of those kamaboko gels was also studied using the maximum gel strength endowing starch, Wheat starch could ive the better water holding capacity and breaking stress than potato or corn starch within $10{\%}$ additional level but corn starch resulted the highest those value at $20{\%}$ added. Wheat starch had higher level of breaking strain and jelly strength at $10{\%}$ then in descending order were corn starch, potato starch. But those starches were decreased after $15{\%}$ level. Texture map showed the simple rheological properties of each starches heat gel with jumbo squid kamaboko, Corn starch map showed more tough and brittle than the other. Potato starch map showed more elastic gel than corn starch. Wheat starch map could make elastic-mushy gel. There was no significant color differences of each starches but the whiteness of each starch showed increase when the starch rate was increased.

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Effects of Egg White Manufacturing Conditions on the Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Angel Food Cakes (난백분말 제조 조건에 따른 엔젤 푸드 케이크의 특성 변화)

  • Yang, Hae-Young;Kim, Min-Young;Kim, Jeong-Yeon;Shim, Jae-Yong;Imm, Jee-Young;Park, Ki-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.167-172
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    • 2009
  • The principal objective of this study was to determine the optimum manufacturing conditions of egg white with high foaming property for the production of angel food cakes. The egg whites were desugarized and powdered at predetermined pHs and drying temperatures. The physicochemical properties of the produced cakes were measured and sensory evaluations were conducted on a 9-point scale. The volume and textural properties of cakes produced from spray-dried egg whites did not differ from those of the cakes prepared from the control egg whites. The pH of batter and the specific gravity of foam and batter with egg white powder at pH 6.74/66.5$^{\circ}C$ did not differ from those of the control, whereas the one prepared with commercial powder lost the characteristics of cake to a significant degree. The overall acceptance scores of egg white powder of pH 6.74/66.5$^{\circ}C$ and commercial powder were 6.25 and 2.33 as compared to the control (6.42). These results indicate that the egg white powder that was desugarized, pH-adjusted to 6.74, and dried at 66.5$^{\circ}C$ might be utilized to prepare angel food cakes with the desirable physicochemical and sensory attributes.

Electron Microscopical Property of Transglutaminase Added Milk (트랜스글루타미나제를 첨가한 우유의 전자현미경적 특성)

  • 문정한;홍윤호
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.350-355
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    • 2003
  • Raw skim milk and colloidal calcium phosphate-free skim milk were treated with microbial transglutaminase (TGase), ultracentrifuged at varying rates and were observed to contain textural properties using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Skim milk showed irregular signs of conformation at lower centrifugal rate, and associated regular (10,000 ${\times}$g) and thin with broad holes (20,000 ${\times}$g). The associated texture became thick and irregular (40,000 ${\times}$g), and fine particles were regularly associated (100,000 ${\times}$g). When skim milk was incubated for 1 hr with TGase, casein micelles aggregated and broadened as centrifugation rate increased. When skim milk was incubated for 8 hrs with TGase, casein micelles associated to large widened aggregates, and were associated regularly which then became irregular (100,000 ${\times}$g). When colloidal calcium phosphate-free skim milk incubated for 1 hr with TGase showed no sediment, the milk incubated for 8 hrs with TGase associated together, yielding broadened and regular layers as the centrifugation rate increased. It is assumed that such phenomena could be caused by protein crosslinking reaction with TGase and conformational change of casein molecules, as well as dependencies on reaction time, temperature and ultracentrifugation rate.