• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.94-109
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• 2001

1. Background and Purpose ${\ulcorner}$DongyiSooseBowon${\lrcorner}$ is the book that was mixed ${\ulcorner}$GaboBon${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$KyungjaBon${\lrcorner}$ which was written by DongMu. But hardly any clause or text of the GaboBon excepting ${\ulcorner}$DongyiSooseBowon${\lrcorner}$ has been described. At the year of 2000, the society of sasang constitutional medicine acqired ${\ulcorner}$HamsanSachon DongyiSooseBowon GaboGubon${\lrcorner}$ which is seen as a written copy of ${\ulcorner}$GaboBon${\lrcorner}$. According to Lee Sung-Su who is the great-grandson of DongMu's older brother, ${\ulcorner}$HamsanSachon DongyiSooseBowon GaboGubon${\lrcorner}$ was worked by Lee Jin-Yoon who is the grandson of DongMu's older brother, and it was copied by Han Min-Gab and now is owned by Lee Sung-Su who is son of Lee Jin- Yoon. 2. Methods This paper was written in order to understand of ${\ulcorner}$HamsanSachon DongyiSooseBowon GaboGubon${\lrcorner}$ through the study to focus on the bibliographical character. 3. Result and Conclusion 1) It is reasonable that ${\ulcorner}$HamsanSachon DongyiSooseBowon GaboGubon${\lrcorner}$ had copied to the original ${\ulcorner}$DongyiSoose Bowon GaboGubon${\lrcorner}$ which was written by DongMu. 2) We can find the character of ${\ulcorner}$HamsanSachon DongyiSooseBowon GaboGubon${\lrcorner}$ as follows. (1) It has the table of contents, the definition of the number of the texts, and the article number of each texts. (2) ${\ulcorner}$KyungJaBon${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$SinchukBon${\lrcorner}$ has different number of the texts about ${\ulcorner}$The general remarks on the Soyangin${\lrcorner}$. (3) It is different with original ${\ulcorner}$GaboBon${\lrcorner}$ because of the extracting marks of the text. (4) It is supposed that it has the pares which was additionally or wrongly amended by someone. 3) We can consider that the character of original ${\ulcorner}$GaboBon${\lrcorner}$ which was written by DongMu from ${\ulcorner}$HamsanSachon DongyiSooseBowon GaboGubon${\lrcorner}$ as follows. (1) ${\ulcorner}$The Discourse on Nature and Order${\lrcorner}$${\sim}$${\ulcorner}$The Discourse on the Four Principles${\lrcorner}$ is original articles of ${\ulcorner}$GaboBon${\lrcorner}$. (2) The head title of${\ulcorner}$The Discourse on the Origin of Oriental Medicine${\lrcorner}$ was not in ${\ulcorner}$GaboBon${\lrcorner}$. (3) It is not clear whether ${\ulcorner}$The Discourse on the General Health Maintenance${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$The Discourse on Identifying Four Constitutions${\lrcorner}$ is original texts or amended texts of ${\ulcorner}$GaboBon${\lrcorner}$. So it is required more study about it.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.31-47
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• 2008

Objectives : The objective of this study is to apply the contents of "WaHyul(訛穴 : The errors of acupoint locations"of "ChimGuKyungHumBang" to modern acupoint locations. Methods : The text of "WaHyul" was closely examined and analyzed. "WHO standard acupuncture point locations in the western pacific region" was reviewed based on its contents. Results : According to the analysis, the correct 少商(LU11) was mentioned as a spot appropriately distanced from the corner of the nail root under the skin. This is the most accurate and reasonable synthesis of other related texts. Furthermore, the necessity of defining the locations of all the well points was also emphasized and their locations were mentioned that could be located by the same method. There is no further discussion of other acupoints apart from descriptions of their locations from other texts. Some parts that were pointed out as common errors included not only commonly made mistakes, but errors made in acupuncture texts as were true for 神門(HT7) and 肩井(GB21). The standards of 少商(LU11), 合谷(LI4) and 足三里(ST36) presented in the WHO Standardization are not only similar to what 「WaHyul」 indicated as errors in acupoint locations, but also deviate other acupuncture texts; appropriate corrections must be made. The standard of 肩井(GB21) presents a new acupoint locating method never mentioned before in received classic acupuncture texts and so a rediscussion is in need. Other standards, such as the 絶骨(GB39), had some points of controversy, yet somewhat incomplete while HT7 did not go beyond the bounds of "WaHyul". Conclusions : "WaHyul" can be used to revise WHO standards, and has practical value in modern acupoint locating.

• Database Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.148-158
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• 2018

The optical character recognition (OCR) is a technique to extract and recognize texts from images. It is an important preprocessing step in data analysis since most actual text information is embedded in images. Many OCR engines have high recognition accuracy for images where texts are clearly separable from background, such as white background and black lettering. However, they have low recognition accuracy for images where texts are not easily separable from complex background. To improve this low accuracy problem with complex images, it is necessary to transform the input image to make texts more noticeable. In this paper, we propose a method to segment an input image into text lines to enable OCR engines to recognize each line more efficiently, and to determine the final output by comparing the recognition rates of CLAHE module and Two-step module which distinguish texts from background regions based on image processing techniques. Through thorough experiments comparing with well-known OCR engines, Tesseract and Abbyy, we show that our proposed method have the best recognition accuracy with complex background images.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.36
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• pp.201-225
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• 2020

In the late Joseon Dynasty, ideas in folk religions were closely related to Daoist themes. There were, for instance, folk ideas centered on Prophecies of Jeong Gam (鄭鑑錄 jeonggamrok) that developed into 'raising island-armies (海島起兵說 hado gibyeongseol),' the future utopian movement known as the 'South Joseon Faith (南朝鮮信仰 namjoseon sinang),' and faith around 'Maitreya's Descensionist-Birth (彌勒下生 mireuk hasaeng).' People aimed to transform their country based on these ideas. Associated folklore tended to come from fengshui (風水) and books on prophecies and divination (圖讖 docham), and both of these drew heavily upon Daoist concepts. On the other hand, Daoist texts began being translated as national projects under King Cheoljong (哲宗), and many more were translated and published later under King Gojong (高宗). The nature of these Daoist texts mostly consisted of either morality books (善書 seonseo) or precious scrolls (寶卷 bogeon). The problem was that these ordinances and the Daoist texts of regents were among the main causes of civil war during the Qing Dynasty. In this regard, the translation of the Daoist texts conducted as a national project provided a theoretical basis for the people wishing to foment civil war or transformation. This raises the question of why King Gojong implemented a Daoist translation project in his nation. In an effort to answer this question, this article summarizes the popular ideas of the late Joseon Dynasty and explains how they were closely related to Daoism. In addition, this article summarizes the facts about how Daoism has emerged from a national crisis but developed a function of protecting the state (鎭護) in Korean history. Further described is the situation under which Daoism was summoned during the Japanese Invasion of Joseon (壬辰倭亂). Analysis is provided to show that King Gojong's intention was to translate Daoism due to Daoism's role in protecting the state. In addition, the relationship between current Daoist rites and customs in Korea and King Gojong's dissemination of Daoist oaths and vouchers is confirmed.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.127-141
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• 2022

Objectives : The mechanism of Gegenjieji-tang from the Han chapter of Donguibogam was studied. Focus was on the wind medicinals which constituted a large part of the formula. Methods : Medical texts from which Gegenjieji-tang originated were searched in the Zhongyifangjidacidian with which application, composition, and treatment mechanism of the Gegenjieji-tang as written in medical texts such as the Donguibogam were compared. Based on related research and medical texts, it could be determined that many ingredients of the formula were wind medicinals as suggested by Li Dongyuan. The meaning of such composition was analyzed through texts such as the Piweilun, after which mechanism of the Gegenjieji-tang was examined. Results : Based on the Zhongyifangjidacidian, Gegenjieji-tang of the Donguibogam seems to have originated from the Chaigejiejitang of the Shanghanliushu, as medicinal composition and medical application written in texts such as the Donguibogam and Shanghanliushu, along with treatment mechanism, are found to be similar to each other. Gegenjieji-tang is applied to relieve the flesh and the Stomach Channel of pathogenic Qi. The formula includes gegen, chaihu, qianghu, and shengma, which are wind medicinals according to Li Dongyuan. Wind medicinals generally have the property of uplifting and dispersing Qi. The four aforementioned herbs relieve fire stagnation and relieve heat in the flesh and muscles. Conclusions : Based on the composition of the formula which includes the four herbs that uplifts and disperses Qi, and relieves fire stagnation, it could be understood that the Gegenjieji-tang has the effect of easing the flesh through loosening Qi stagnation. Gegenjieji-tang is not simply used to purge pathogenic Qi, but to communicate the bodily Qi ultimately easing the flesh.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 2022

This study examines the propositional connections and markers for connecting propositions in the texts of the 3^rd- and 6^th-grade science textbooks developed under the 2015 Revised Science Curriculum. A selection of texts from Korean and social science textbooks were analyzed and compared to those from science textbooks as well. The propositional connections were classified into emphasis, elaboration, exemplification, listing, addition, order, correspondence, causal relation, condition, and purpose types. The markers for the relationship of propositions were classified as demonstrative, using conjunctive, using a comma, using distinctive linguistic elements, and no marker types. The results showed that the frequency of propositional connections in the texts of the 6^th-grade textbooks was lower than that of Korean and/or social science textbooks. However, the frequency of the propositional connections in the texts of the 3^rd-grade textbooks was found to be lower than that of the social science textbook but higher than that of the Korean textbook. The types of order, listing, condition, and causal relation were dominant in science as well as Korean and social science textbooks. Over 40% of the markers for the relationship of propositions were found to be the no marker type, with the ratio of the no marker type being especially higher in the categories of order and causal relation.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.23
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• pp.313-346
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• 2011

This thesis investigated basic thinking of Pansori reading text appearance. Among Pansori reading texts, it is versions include unfamiliar contents and scenes in text. They was created by writers of Pansori reading text. Why created a writers of Pansori reading text them? First, writers of Pansori reading text created new contents and scenes in order to show their knowledge. Reading texts of this feature are 28pages version Chunhyangjun belonged to Kim Kwang-sun, 87pages version Chunhyangjun belonged to Sa Jae-dong, 154pages version Chunhyangjun belonged to Hong Yun-pyo etc. This reading texts was effected on knowledge culture of Chosun later period. Second, writers of Pansori reading text created new contents and scenes in order to reenact festivities field. Reading texts of this feature are 75pages version Chunhyangjun belonged to Kyungsang university, 52pages version Chunhyangjun belonged to Keimyung university etc. the former shows story field and Pansori field, the latter shows play field of Walja. Third, writers of Pansori reading text created new contents and scenes in order to lampoon yangban authority. Reading texts of this feature are 72pages version Chunhyangjun belonged to Chungnam university and it's affiliation, 59pages version Chunhyangjun belonged to Park Sun-ho and it's affiliation etc.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.20
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• pp.113-139
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• 2004

This article intends to illuminate how the men. leading agents in Saseol-sijo - musical performers. writers of lyrics, patrons. composers. compilers of Sijo anthologies, audience. etc. - In the Late Choson period, viewed or recognized women and how their understanding of women was reflected in the texts. Working with texts with the theme of 'Love,' this article starts with categorizing two types of love: the first type, 'lovelorn heart' focusing on unilateral pining for a single lover who is absent now and the second type. 'physical love' concentrating on bilateral sexual intercourse. In addition to the types of love, the gender of poetic speakers, distinct from real poets is vital to characterize the discourse of love. According to these two factors. texts in question fall into four groups: texts that a female speaker displays her lovelorn heart('Type 1'), those where she speaks about her sexual experiences('Type 2'), those where a male speaker sings his lovelorn heart('Type 3'), and those where he describes his sexual experiences('Type 4'). Of these. 'Type 2' and 'Type 3' are key to understanding of the men's view of women. With respect to the configuration of the theme of 'Love,' it should be noted that in Korean literary history, the nim or a 'sweetheart' had signified the totality of value or a perfect entity which makes one's life meaningful and that 'Type 1,' the pattern that a female subject expresses her love toward male min, had constituted a traditional way to convey the theme of 'Love.' In terms of this connotation of min. a remarkable increase of 'Type 3' implying the increase of male speakers, reveals the extent to which women, the male speakers' min, accomplished their entry into a 'sacred area' -the position of mm-in which only men had occupied; females are focused and centralized. This article considers this phenomenon as an exhibition of the upgrade of women's significance and weight in the Late Choson society and as an index of 'modernity.' Meanwhile, given that most of the Saseol-sijo poets are men, the emergence of the 'Type 2' texts in which male poets have female speakers disclose their sexual experiences, demonstrates a representative example that women are degraded to be a means of men's pleasure; for this situation gives men more pleasure than when male speakers reveal their sexual experiences. Not only 'Type 2,' but texts group which basically belongs to 'Type I' and conveys the theme of 'Loyalty' through the female voice by substituting rulers-subjects relation for men-women relation, also falls under the same case. For men employ female voice as a poetic device in order to stress the theme of 'Loyalty' This article regards this phenomenon as an index of 'pre-modernity,' in the sense that in a pre-modem society, specifically in Early Choson, male-oriented value system dominates, thereby alienating women. As it is well known, the Late Choson is marked by a transitional period from a pre-modem society to a modem society. Therefore the ambivalence of the premodern and the modem can be found mixed in every segment of the society. The dual aspects of the masculine view of women in Saseol-sijo constitutes one example. The significance of the Saseol-sijo in Korean literary history can be found in this phenomenon.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 1998.02a
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• pp.206-211
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• 1998

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.78-79
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• 1971