• Title/Summary/Keyword: text translation

Search Result 147, Processing Time 0.021 seconds

Equivalence in Translation and its Components (등가를 통한 번역의 이론과 구성 요소 분석)

  • PARK, Jung-Joon
    • Cross-Cultural Studies
    • /
    • v.19
    • /
    • pp.251-270
    • /
    • 2010
  • The subject of the paper is to discern the validity of the translation theory put forward by the ESIT(Ecole Sup?rieur d'Interpr?tes et de Tranducteurs, Universit? Paris III) and how it differentiates from the other translation theories. First, the paper will analyze the theoretical aspects put forward by examining the equivalence that may be discerned between the french and korean translation in relation to the original english text that is being translated. Employing the equivalence in translation may shed new insights into the unterminable discussions we witness today between the literal translation and the free translation. Contrary to the formal equivalence the dynamic equivalence by Nida suggests that the messages retain the same meanings whether it be the original or a translated text to the/for the reader. In short, the object of the dynamic equivalence is to identify the closest equivalence to the suggested source language. The concept of correspondence and equivalence defined by theoriticians of translation falls to the domain of dynamic equivalence suggested by Nida. In translation theory the domain of usage of language and the that of discourse is denoted separately. by usage one denotes the translation through symbols that make up language itself. In contrast to this, the discourse is suggestive of defining the newly created expressions which may be denoted as being a creative equivalence which embodies the original message for the singular situation at hand. The translator will however find oneself incorporating the two opposing theories in translating. Translation falls under the criteria of text and not of language, thus one cannot regulate or foresee any special circumstances that may arise in translation of discourse, the translation to reflect this condition should always be delimited. All other translation should be subject to translation by equivalence. The interpretation theory in translation (of ESIT) in effect is relative to both the empirical and philosophical approach and is suggestive of new perspective in translation. In conclusion, the above suggested translation theory is different from the skopos theory and the polysystem theory in that it only takes in to account the elements that are in close relation to the original text, and also that it was developed for educational purposes opening new perspectives in the domain of translation theories.

Sign2Gloss2Text-based Sign Language Translation with Enhanced Spatial-temporal Information Centered on Sign Language Movement Keypoints (수어 동작 키포인트 중심의 시공간적 정보를 강화한 Sign2Gloss2Text 기반의 수어 번역)

  • Kim, Minchae;Kim, Jungeun;Kim, Ha Young
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
    • /
    • v.25 no.10
    • /
    • pp.1535-1545
    • /
    • 2022
  • Sign language has completely different meaning depending on the direction of the hand or the change of facial expression even with the same gesture. In this respect, it is crucial to capture the spatial-temporal structure information of each movement. However, sign language translation studies based on Sign2Gloss2Text only convey comprehensive spatial-temporal information about the entire sign language movement. Consequently, detailed information (facial expression, gestures, and etc.) of each movement that is important for sign language translation is not emphasized. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose Spatial-temporal Keypoints Centered Sign2Gloss2Text Translation, named STKC-Sign2 Gloss2Text, to supplement the sequential and semantic information of keypoints which are the core of recognizing and translating sign language. STKC-Sign2Gloss2Text consists of two steps, Spatial Keypoints Embedding, which extracts 121 major keypoints from each image, and Temporal Keypoints Embedding, which emphasizes sequential information using Bi-GRU for extracted keypoints of sign language. The proposed model outperformed all Bilingual Evaluation Understudy(BLEU) scores in Development(DEV) and Testing(TEST) than Sign2Gloss2Text as the baseline, and in particular, it proved the effectiveness of the proposed methodology by achieving 23.19, an improvement of 1.87 based on TEST BLEU-4.

The Task of the Translator: Walter Benjamin and Cultural Translation (번역자의 책무-발터 벤야민과 문화번역)

  • Yoon, Joewon
    • Journal of English Language & Literature
    • /
    • v.57 no.2
    • /
    • pp.217-235
    • /
    • 2011
  • On recognizing the significance of Walter Benjamin's "The Task of a Translator" in recent discourses of postcolonial cultural translation, this essay examines the creative postcolonialist appropriations of Benjamin's theory of translation and their political implications. In an effort to dismantle the imperialist political hierarchy between the West and the non-West, modernity and its "primitive" others, which has been the operative premise of the traditional translation studies and anthropology, newly emergent discourses of cultural translation actively adopts Benjamin's notion of translation that does not prioritize the original text's claim on authenticity. Benjamin theorizes each text-translation as well as the original-as an incomplete representation of the pure language. Eschewing formalistic views propounded by deconstructionist critics like Paul de Man, who tend to regard Benjamin's notion of the untranslatable purely in terms of the failure inherent in the language system per se, such postcolonialist critics as Tejaswini Niranjana, Rey Chow, and Homi Bhabha, each in his/her unique way, recuperate the significatory potential of historicity embedded in Benjamin's text. Their further appropriation of the concept of the "untranslatable" depends on a radically political turn that, instead of focusing on the failure of translation, salvages historical as well as cultural potentiality that lies between disparate cultural entities, signifying differences, or disjunctures, that do not easily render themselves to existing systems of representation. It may therefore be concluded that postcolonial discourses on cultural translation of Niranhana, Chow, and Bhabha, inspired by Benjamin, each translate the latter's theory into highly politicized understandings of translation, and this leads to an extensive rethinking of the act of translation itself to include all forms of cultural exchange and communicative activities between cultures. The disjunctures between these discourses and Benjamin's text, in that sense, enable them to form a sort of theoretical constellation, which aspires to an impossible yet necessary utopian ideal of critical thinking.

A new approach technique on Speech-to-Speech Translation (신호의 복원된 위상 공간을 이용한 오디오 상황 인지)

  • Le, Thanh Hien;Lee, Sung-young;Lee, Young-Koo
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
    • /
    • 2009.11a
    • /
    • pp.239-240
    • /
    • 2009
  • We live in a flat world in which globalization fosters communication, travel, and trade among more than 150 countries and thousands of languages. To surmount the barriers among these languages, translation is required; Speech-to-Speech translation will automate the process. Thanks to recent advances in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Machine Translation (MT), and Text-to-Speech (TTS), one can now utilize a system to translate a speech of source language to a speech of target language and vice versa in affordable manner. The three phase process establishes that the source speech be transcribed into a (set of) text of the source language (ASR) before the source text is translated into the target text (MT). Finally, the target speech is synthesized from the target text (TTS).

Korean Text to Gloss: Self-Supervised Learning approach

  • Thanh-Vu Dang;Gwang-hyun Yu;Ji-yong Kim;Young-hwan Park;Chil-woo Lee;Jin-Young Kim
    • Smart Media Journal
    • /
    • v.12 no.1
    • /
    • pp.32-46
    • /
    • 2023
  • Natural Language Processing (NLP) has grown tremendously in recent years. Typically, bilingual, and multilingual translation models have been deployed widely in machine translation and gained vast attention from the research community. On the contrary, few studies have focused on translating between spoken and sign languages, especially non-English languages. Prior works on Sign Language Translation (SLT) have shown that a mid-level sign gloss representation enhances translation performance. Therefore, this study presents a new large-scale Korean sign language dataset, the Museum-Commentary Korean Sign Gloss (MCKSG) dataset, including 3828 pairs of Korean sentences and their corresponding sign glosses used in Museum-Commentary contexts. In addition, we propose a translation framework based on self-supervised learning, where the pretext task is a text-to-text from a Korean sentence to its back-translation versions, then the pre-trained network will be fine-tuned on the MCKSG dataset. Using self-supervised learning help to overcome the drawback of a shortage of sign language data. Through experimental results, our proposed model outperforms a baseline BERT model by 6.22%.

Improvement of korean Braille-Code System for Automatic Reverse Braille Translation (자동 역점역을 가능하게 하는 한글점자 부호체계의 개선)

  • Kihi, Tae-Yeong;Kim, Suk-Il;Kim, Hong-Gi
    • The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
    • /
    • v.5 no.3
    • /
    • pp.703-714
    • /
    • 1998
  • Translation of a Korean text into a braille text causes no problem under the existing Korean braille-code System that maintains I: I correspondence between Korean characters and braille codes. However, reverse translation of a braille text into a Korean text would cause unavoidable mis-translation due to I : N correspondences between braille codes and Korean characters. The analysis shows that in Korean braille-code System, the major reasons for mis-translation are the conflicts between Korean Chosung (initial consonant) letters and numbers, between Korean Jongsung (final consonant) letters and punctuations, between Korean Jongsung (final consonant) letters and English mode delimiter codes, and overlapping use of the same braille code such as opening and closing parentheses. In this paper, we firstly established a reverse translation rule, that is to use an ordinary braille code unless the braille code causes any conflict in braille code sequences. If any ordinary braille code may cause some conflict during the reverse translation, an extended braille code that we propose in this paper must be used. In the experimentation, we cannot get any translation errors with the newly designed braille-code System compared with 25% of errors with the existing braille-code System.

  • PDF

English-Korean speech translation corpus (EnKoST-C): Construction procedure and evaluation results

  • Jeong-Uk Bang;Joon-Gyu Maeng;Jun Park;Seung Yun;Sang-Hun Kim
    • ETRI Journal
    • /
    • v.45 no.1
    • /
    • pp.18-27
    • /
    • 2023
  • We present an English-Korean speech translation corpus, named EnKoST-C. End-to-end model training for speech translation tasks often suffers from a lack of parallel data, such as speech data in the source language and equivalent text data in the target language. Most available public speech translation corpora were developed for European languages, and there is currently no public corpus for English-Korean end-to-end speech translation. Thus, we created an EnKoST-C centered on TED Talks. In this process, we enhance the sentence alignment approach using the subtitle time information and bilingual sentence embedding information. As a result, we built a 559-h English-Korean speech translation corpus. The proposed sentence alignment approach showed excellent performance of 0.96 f-measure score. We also show the baseline performance of an English-Korean speech translation model trained with EnKoST-C. The EnKoST-C is freely available on a Korean government open data hub site.

Towards a Student-centred Approach to Translation Teaching

  • Almanna, Ali;Lazim, Hashim
    • Cross-Cultural Studies
    • /
    • v.36
    • /
    • pp.241-270
    • /
    • 2014
  • The aim of this article is to review the traditional methodologies of teaching translation that concentrate on text-typologies and, as an alternative, to propose an eclectic multi-componential approach that involves a set of interdisciplinary skills with a view to improving the trainee translators' competences and skills. To this end, three approaches, namely a minimalist approach, a pre-transferring adjustment approach and a revision vs. editing approach are proposed to shift the focus of attention from teacher-centred approaches towards student-centred approaches. It has been shown that translator training programmes need to focus on improving the trainee translators' competences and skills, such as training them how to produce and select among the different versions they produce by themselves with justified confidence as quickly as they can (minimalist approach), adjust the original text semantically, syntactically and/or textually in a way that the source text supplely accommodates itself in the linguistic system of the target language (pre-transferring adjustment), and revise and edit others' translations. As the validity of the approach proposed relies partially on instructors' competences and skills in teaching translation, universities, particularly in the Arab world, need to invest in recruiting expert practitioners instead of depending mainly on bilingual teachers to teach translation.

An Alignment based technique for Text Translation between Traditional Chinese and Simplified Chinese

  • Sue J. Ker;Lin, Chun-Hsien
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
    • /
    • 2002.02a
    • /
    • pp.147-156
    • /
    • 2002
  • Aligned parallel corpora have proved very useful in many natural language processing tasks, including statistical machine translation and word sense disambiguation. In this paper, we describe an alignment technique for extracting transfer mapping from the parallel corpus. During building our system and data collection, we observe that there are three types of translation approaches can be used. We especially focuses on Traditional Chinese and Simplified Chinese text lexical translation and a method for extracting transfer mappings for machine translation.

  • PDF

Classification Performance Analysis of Cross-Language Text Categorization using Machine Translation (기계번역을 이용한 교차언어 문서 범주화의 분류 성능 분석)

  • Lee, Yong-Gu
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
    • /
    • v.43 no.1
    • /
    • pp.313-332
    • /
    • 2009
  • Cross-language text categorization(CLTC) can classify documents automatically using training set from other language. In this study, collections appropriated for CLTC were extracted from KTSET. Classification performance of various CLTC methods were compared by SVM classifier using machine translation. Results showed that the classification performance in the order of poly-lingual training method, training-set translation and test-set translation. However, training-set translation could be regarded as the most useful method among CLTC, because it was efficient for machine translation and easily adapted to general environment. On the other hand, low performance was shown to be due to the feature reduction or features with no subject characteristics, which occurred in the process of machine translation of CLTC.