• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.558-562
• /
• 2007

The high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method for the determination of trans-resveratrol in 34 germplasms and processing methods of peanut seeds has been modified. Peanut germplasms contained trans-resveratrol contents of $0.14{\sim}4.96{\mu}g/g$, but findings for the testa color were not significant. However, two germplasms, 'KIGAN' and 'CS1', contained more trans-resveratrol contents than the other germplasms. The contents of their were $2.26{\mu}g/g\;and\;4.96{\mu}g/g$. The tested processing methods caused no significant changes in trans-resveratrol contents. The contents of fresh, boiled, and roasted peanuts were 0.36, 0.32, and $0.40{\mu}g/g$, respectively in cv. Palkwang, and 0.22, 0.22, and $0.26{\mu}g/g$, respectively, in cv. Jakwang. Differences were not significant among fresh, boiled, and roasted peanuts. The grains of 'Palkwang' and 'Jakwang' contained trans-resveratrol contents of $0.34{\mu}g/g\;and\;0.24{\mu}g/g$, and testa contained $1.12{\mu}g/g\;and\;1.00{\mu}g/g$, respectively. However, when comparing absolute quantity, the trans-resveratrol contents appears to be approximately $3{\sim}4$ times higher in the testa than in the grain of the peanut, although the total contents were not different because the ratio of testa was low in peanut seeds.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.123-128
• /
• 2015

Pregermination treatment of cocoa beans either with the testa, group PCB (+T), or without the testa, group PCB (-T), was studied here to determine whether this treatment (incubation up to 120 h at $25^{\circ}C$) has any effect on the levels of allergenic proteins or on chemical composition. Our proximate analysis included carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. We used western blotting to measure changes in the amounts of allergenic proteins in the cocoa beans during the pregermination treatment. The protein and carbohydrate content of both groups (with or without the testa) decreased slightly during this treatment, whereas lipid content increased. Group PCB (-T) showed more rapid metabolic processes than did group PCB (+T) during the pregermination treatment. Western blot analysis showed that the cocoa beans contained an allergenic protein of ~28 kDa. Removal of the testa strongly reduced the amount of this allergenic protein after 72 h of the pregermination treatment. Generally, the pregermination treatment increased antioxidant activity in both groups. Significant differences in the antioxidant activity were observed between groups PCB (-T) and PCB (+T). Particularly, group PCB (-T) showed high antioxidant activity at 72 h of the pregermination treatment. Thus, the combination of cocoa beans without the testa and pregermination treatment (72 h) seems to be the optimal method for production of hypoallergenic cocoa beans rich in antioxidants for patients with allergic disorders.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.96-100
• /
• 2009

A novel gastric ulcer healing formulation, a mixture of Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Halloysitum Rubrum and Ostreae Testa (Dihaos), was examined for gastric ulcer healing effects. The effect of Dihaos was assessed in various gastric ulcer models in rats. Oral administration of Dihaos significantly reduced HCl-ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. Dihaos also significantly reduced gastric and duodenal ulcers induced by cysteamine. Ostreae Testa decreased secretion of gastric juice and increased the pH of gastric juice. Furthermore, the extracts of Dioscoreae Rhizoma affected the cell proliferation of MKN 74 cells. These results suggest that the healing effect of Dihaos on gastrohemorrhagic lesions results from its protective effect against acid secretion and proliferation of mucosal cells in induced gastric ulcers in rats.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.194-199
• /
• 2012

The anatomy and morphology of seeds from 10 Hawaiian Portulaca taxa were examined to explore patterns of variation among the taxa, and to evaluate their phylogenetic relationships. Features of seeds were assessed employing microtechnique procedures, statistical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Anatomically, the orientation of embryo was consistent across taxa, and all seeds examined had central nutritive tissue and integuments comprising the peripheral embryo. Seeds were generally small, circular to ovoid in shape, and either smooth or rough-surfaced, with tubercules. Variation in seed size was noted, although minimal within small seeded group. The size of seeds ranged from 0.50~1.26 mm in length, and 0.55~1.34 mm in width, with similar weights. Seeds were distinguished by the sculpture and arrangement of the testa epidermis and the way in which their stellulate-tessellate cells uniquely fit together. Using a multiple range test (ANOVA), two groups were established by seed characteristics. The SEM also demonstrated morphological differences in testa sculpturing. The results obtained confirm the usefulness of seed characteristics in the identification of the species examined, and furthermore, allow for the separation of the Hawaiian Portulaca into two groups.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.389-403
• /
• 2008

Seed morphological studies of 12 species of sect. Zygophyllidium and related Poinsettia using light and scanning electron microscopy were conducted to test the hypotheses of the sectional boundaries and species relationships. Characteristics of seeds, and the keys of identification of 12 species were presented. Seeds of 12 species were divided into 6 types based on the UPGMA tree from numerical analyses using nine seed characters. Type I, including E. uniglandulosa, is characterized by the foveolate seed with granulate testa cells. Type II, including species E. exstipulata, E. lagunensis, E. bilobata, E. hexagonoides and E. chersonesa, was recognized by the presence of inter-cellular granules among testa cells. Type III, including E. cyathophora, has a seed with acute apex, and concentric circles on the surface of testa cells. Type IV, including species of E. dentata and E. pentadactyla, has a seed with caruncle and lacking inter-cellular granules among testa cells. Type V, including E. hexagona, was characterized by the ovate seeds and lacking inter-cellular granules. Type VI, including E. eriantha and E. lacera, was recognized by the seeds with rectangular shape with caruncle. Based on the seed morphology, sect. Zygophyllidium should be defined only species with E. exstipulata, E. lagunensis, E. bilobata, E. hexagonoides and E. chersonesa. E. hexagona, traditionally included in this section, was closely related to E. dentata from Poinsettia.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.52 no.3
• /
• pp.239-248
• /
• 2007

Although high nutritional values and continuous identification of important functional substances of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.] promote consumption of soybean products worldwide, informations on quality of brand soybean is not enough for consumers. Total of 100 brand soybeans [32 for soypaste and source, 45 black testa (lage), and 17 black testa (small) or medicinal soybean and beansprout soybean] were collected at supermarkets and several external quality factors were analyzed. Brand soybeans were marked with the environmental friendly and intimating words along with soybean (white or yellow), black soybean (black-, frost-, late frost-, green or inner-green-), medicinal soybean and beansprout soybean. Among 100 brand soybeans 30% was 1 kg package and 59% was 500 g package, difference between printed and actual weights of 70% brand soybeans was ${\pm}1%$ and weights of 2/3 of brand soybeans were higher than printed weight. Range of 100 seed weights of soypaste and source, black testa (large) and black testa (small) and beansprout soybeans were $23.7{\sim}47.8g$, $21.9{\sim}44.5g$ and $9.5{\sim}15.0g$, respectively. Although ranges of 100 seed weights of soypaste and source and black testa (large) soybeans were similar, 63% of soypaste and source were less than 29 g, while 78% of black testa (large) soybeans were higher than 30 g. Although average and highest percentages of seeds separated with 6.7 mm sieve were similar with 87.4% and 99.9% for soypaste and source soybean and 86.5% and 99.5% for black testa (large) soybean, respectively, the lowest percentages were 70.7% for soypaste and source soybean and 14.4% for black testa (large) soybean. When 100 seed weight was greater than 35 g, 90% of seeds were remained on 6.7 mm sieve. On the other hand 100 g weight and percentage of seeds remained on 6.7 mm sieve showed significantly positive correlations [r=0.7488** for soypaste and source soybean and r=0.7874** for black testa (large) soybean when 100 seed weight was $20{\sim}30g$. Based on hilum color and/or appearance, 76% of brand soybeans collected (more than 90% in yellow testa soybeans) were found to be mixed more than 10% with other cultivars or landraces. Foreign materials such as sand, piece of clothe, wood piece, dead insects, other soybeans were found in 20% of brand soybeans. Average test weight of brand soybeans was 762g $L^{-1}$ with a range of $645{\sim}820g\;L^{-1}$. Soybeans from local markets were as good as brand soybeans in 100 seed weight, uniformity of seeds, weight of foreign materials and test weight.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.04a
• /
• pp.64-64
• /
• 2019

In order to evaluate the taxonomical relevance of seeds morphological characteristics, a macroand micro-morphological study was conducted on seeds of Korean Vicia (Fabacea). We collected 19 taxa of genus Vicia distributed in Korea and introduced one taxa from USDA. The morphological characteristic and testa texture of seeds were investigated using a Stereo-microscope (SM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Most of Vicia seeds were found spherical or oblong and some seeds were oval and subglose. The largest seed was V. chosenensis ($4.3{\times}3.6{\times}2.6mm$), and the smallest was V. teterasperma ($1.7{\times}1.7{\times}1.5mm$). V. chosenensis and V. hirsuta were separated from other Vicia species by having a shiny in seed finish. In hilum shape, 14 species have linear and V. sepium was distinguished by having a circumlinear. In testa texture, they developed papilae, only V. hirsuta has lophate in level type. Deposition of the sheet-like debris between the papilae was observed in V. chosenensis, V. cracca, and V. unijuga. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values of the 13 qualitative morphological characters (QMC) were in the range of 0.0950 to 8863 with an average of 0.4611. PIC value of seed shape, seed colour, hilum colour were 0.7403, 0.8177, 0.883 respectively. Cluster analysis based on QMC detected three main clades. V. cracca, V. amurensis, V. amoena were involved in Group 1 and V. unijuga f. minor, V. unijuga, V. unijuga f. angustifolia, V. sepium, V. hirticalycina, V. hirsuta, V. linearfolia, V. chosenensis, V. pseudorobus, V. venosa var. cuspidata were involved in Group 2. V. nipponica, V. japonica, V. villosa, V. dasicarpa, V. bungei, V. angustifolia, V. tetrasperma were clustered in Group 3. Our research suggests that morphological characteristic and testa texture of seeds could be used as definers for the identification of genus Vicia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Potoscience Conference
• /
• spring
• /
• pp.79-80
• /
• 1999

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 1973

A score and more kinds of molluscan shells have been used as drugs in oriental medicine. The Korean Pharmacopoeia (K.P.) contains a monograph on oyster shell "Ostreae Testa" as an official drug. A huge deposit of the fossil shell Crassostrea gravitesta eoilensis has been recently excavated in the region of Wolsung, Kyong-Sang-Buk-Do. This study was conducted to determine the applicability of the fossil shell as a substiute for Ostreae Testa, K.P. The fossil shell not only met the K.P. requirements, but also exhibited an appropriate antacid activity. Amino acid survivals were also determined quantitatively with amino acid autoanalyzer.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.172-177
• /
• 1996

The influences of testa-removal of seed, partial cutting of embryo, xylene treatment, growth regulator, chemical treatment and low temperature treatment on the seed germination of Lycoris aurea were investigated. The germination rate of the testa-removed seeds was higher than that of the whole seeds, and the seeds treated by testa-removal+xylene was 63% of germination. $GA_3$ was more effective than kinetin treatment, and seeds treated with $GA_3$ 200ppm showed 60% of germination. $KNO_3$ was more effective than KOH treatment, and seeds treated with 0. 1% $KNO_3$ was 76% of germination. The seeds, stored for two months at $5^{\circ}C$, showed the highest germination rate with 93%