• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.252-273
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• 2009

Due to the importance of biotechnological literacy, the educational community in fields such as technology education, science education, and agricultural education has acknowledged the importance of biotechnology instruction for secondary school. Although recognized as a content organizer in the field of technology education, the actual teaching of biotechnology has not been broadly implemented in technology education classes. In the perspective of expectancy-value theory, technology teachers' motivation is the key factor for affecting the biotechnology instruction. This study investigates Korean technology teachers' motivational beliefs toward biotechnology and its instruction and their perceived ability and value toward biotechnology learning contents. To measure their motivational beliefs and attitudes, a composite on-line survey (fifteen motivational beliefs items, eight biotechnology content items, and related demographic items) was developed. Based on 114 Korean technology teachers' responses the researcher performed a descriptive analysis, independent t-test, and factor analyses (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using M-plus 5.0 and SPSS 16.0). Korean technology teachers' abilities toward eight biotechnology contents indicated lowscores while their values were relatively high. Through the independent sample t-test by two demographic variables (gender and professional development), this study found several significant differences in the perceived value. As a preliminary finding of exploratory factor analysis, fifteen items was separated into two motivational constructs of expectancy (6 items) and value (8 items). One item (item #6) was eliminated due to the cross loading. The final findings of this study may have significant implications for professional development regarding biotechnology and its instruction (both in-service and pre-service training) of technology teachers. Also, the confirmatory facctor analysis supported the preliminary finding. Finally, this study recommends that a validity test for other population, investigation for motivational sub-constructs, and in-depth investigation toward biotechnology instruction.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1009-1017
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• 2015

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the effect of communication competence on the organizational effectiveness in dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 248 dental hygienists in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggido from November 1 to 30, 2014. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects(4 items), job characteristics(10 items), communication competence(49 items), organizational commitment(15 items), job satisfaction(16 items), and turnover intention(5 items). The instrument for communication competence and organizational commitment was done by Likert 5 points scale. Data were analyzed by t test, one way ANOVA, stepwise multiple regression test, and post-hoc Scheffe test using SPSS 18.0 program Results: The average of communication competence was 3.49(${\pm}0.28$). Of the sub-factors of communication competence, interpretational competence had the highest score of 3.65(${\pm}0.33$) followed by self-presentation 3.50(${\pm}0.49$), message conversion 3.50(${\pm}0.47$), role performance 3.44(${\pm}0.37$), and goal setting competence 3.28(${\pm}0.60$). There were significant effects in the organizational commitment including workplace(dental clinic=1, ${\beta}$=-0.254), weekly average working hours($${\leq_-}40$$ hours=1, ${\beta}$=0.182), role performance(${\beta}$=0.163), self-presentation(${\beta}$=0.144), goal setting competence(${\beta}$=0.130), and position(head=1, ${\beta}$=0.137). There were significants effects in the job satisfaction including position(head=1, ${\beta}$=0.217), weekly average working hours($${\leq_-}40$$ hours=1, ${\beta}$=0.204), education level(graduate school=1, ${\beta}$=0.184), job career(3~6 years=1, ${\beta}$=-0.181), goal setting competence(${\beta}$=0.194), and interpretational competence(${\beta}$=0.124). Conclusions: The communication competence of the dental hygienists showed a partial effect on the organizational effectiveness. In order to improve the organizational commitment and job satisfaction and the turnover intention, a variety of efforts must be taken and focused on goal setting competence, role performance, self-presentation, and interpretational competence.

• 한국노년학
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.149-168
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• 2021

This study was to develop the Medication Adherence Scale in Elderly (MAS-E) with chronic disease and verify its reliability and validity. The MAS-E was developed in 5 steps: Configuration of conceptual frame by content analysis, preliminary items, pilot study, reliability and validity test, and development of final MAS-E with chronic disease. The questionnaires were collected from 345 adults with one-to-one interviews. Verification of its reliability and validity was divided into two phases. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha, split-halves reliability, and test-retest. For validity tests, item analysis, factor analysis, total score-factor score correlation analysis, and criterion related validity were used. The developed scale consisted of 18 items and 4 factors - remember of taking medication (2 items), expectations for drug effects (5 items), practice taking medication according to instructions (8 items), communicating with health professionals (3 items), and explained 69.7% of total variance. The scale had significantly positive correlation (r = .72, p <.001) with the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Cronbach's alpha was .91, Guttman split half coefficient was .80, and test-retest reliability was .912. Finding suggest that the MAS-E is a suitable scale to assess the status of medication adherence in elderly with chronic disease.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.152-170
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problems that the adolescents have experienced and to assess the demands of counseling about the experienced problems. The design of this study was descriptive-survery study. The sample size was 601 middle and high school students. Data analysis was done by frequencies. Percent. t -test. ANOVA. Pearson correlation coefficiency, stepwise regression and Cronbach's $\alpha$ Score was produced for the reliability of the tool by using the item analysis method. The results was as follows : 1. The distribution of the each item that the adolescents experienced according to the physical, psychalogical. Sexual and Socio-cultural problem Categories was examined. In the physical problem category, the number of items that half and more than half of the adolescents experienced of often or frequently were 10 among all 19 items. In the psychological problem category. 13 item were among all 19 items. In the sexual problem category, 1 item among all 17 items and in the socio-cultural problem category, 10 items were among all 30 items. 2. The distribution of the each items that the adolescents wanted to the counseling according to the physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problem categories was examined. In the physical problem category, the numbers of the items that half and more than half of the adolescents wanted counseling were 1 among all 19 items. In the psychological problem category, the numbers of the items that half and more than half of the adolescents wanted counseling were 2 items among all 19 items. In the sexual problem category, 0 item among all 17 items and in the socio-cultural problem category, 2 items were among all 30 items. 3. In the comparison of the female student and male student about the experienced problems and the demands of counseling according to the physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problem categories. There was a significant difference statistically in all categories between groups(P<.001) 4. In the comparison of high school students and middle school students about the demands of counseling according to the physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problem categories(P<.001). Particulary, grade II of high school students have experienced problems according to the physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problem categories. There was a significant difference statistically in all categories(P<.001). 5. In the correlation between the experienced problem and the demands of counseling according to 4 categories. there was the positive correlation at P<.001 level. 6. The less the satisfaction for family and school life. the more experienced problems according to the physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problem categories. There was a significant difference statistically in all categories(P<.001).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.549-559
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the knowledge and educational needs related to recurrent in coronary artery bypass graft patients as a basis to provide an individual nursing education for the population. The subjects consisted of 110 patients who had coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) at Asan Medical Center in Seoul and Sechong hospital in Buchon. Data was obtained from a knowledge questionnaire and a learning needs questionnaire between November 1998 and February 1999. Data were analyzed using SAS program for Wilcoxon rank sum test and Spearman correlation coefficient. The results were as follows : 1. With regard to the 18 items to measure knowledge, the mean (median) of items 'don't know' was 4.9(4) items. The mean (median) of items answered wrong was 3.2(3) items. The number of items answered 'don't know' tend to show higher in those who had less education, blue color jobs and myocardiac infarction history than in their counter parts. There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' in those who had no hypertension 2. With regard to the level of knowledge by questionnaire about CABG, The most "I dont know" (59.1%) highly response was 'He has to be treated with anticoagulant drug to prevent revasculized vessel from obstructing.' The seond highest response (56.4%) was 'If you were hypotensive, the coronary attack would collapse. 'During the hospitalized day, the patient has complete bedrest.' The highest error probability was cholesterol has not to intake.', 'After surgery, the sexual life is need controlled for 1 year. 3. The mean of educational needs was 3.38. With regard to the level of learning needs by sentence about CABG, 'Food that benefit heart disease', 'Recurrence possibility of heart disease', 'Management method of operation site', 'Risk symptom that visit hospital or report immediately' were higher than other sentenses. With regard to the level of learning needs by factor 'food(5 items)', 'disease(9 items)' and 'exercise(3 items)' showed the highest than other factors. The educational needs by patients characteristics tend to show higher in males, under the age of 49, middle or high school degree, previous experience of admission with coronary artery disease, history of myocardial infarction, expierience of PTCA, history of cerebro-vascular accident, previous expierience of smoking than in their counter parts. 4. The number of items answered 'don't know', wrong and correct weren't correlated with the level educational needs. As the results, the number of items answered 'don't know' tend to show higher in those who had less educated, blue color jobs and myocardiac infarction history than in their counter parts. There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' in those who had no hypertension .There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' on anti-thrombolitic theraphy, hypotension and pain relief. Also there were higher frequency of items answered wrong on bed rest period, cholesterol intake, and sexual life. Educational needs were higher in young age group, had previous experience of procesure and history of other disease. And when we educate CABG patients, education for diet, recurrence possibility of disease, management methods of operation site and risk symptom should be emphasized.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.193-212
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• 2010

The purpose of our study was to provide effective speech evaluation items examining the variables of speech that successfully predict the speech intelligibility in CP children. The subjects were 55 children with spastic type cerebral palsy. As for the speech evaluation, we performed a speech subsystem evaluation and a speech intelligibility test. The results of the study are as follows. The evaluation task for the speech subsystems consisted of 48 task items within an observational evaluation stage and three levels of severity. The levels showed correlations with gross motor functions, fine motor functions, and age. Second, the evaluation items for the speech subsystems were rearranged into seven factors. Third, 34 out of 48 task items that positively correlated with the syllable intelligibility rating were as follows. There were four items in the observational evaluation stage. Among the nonverbal articulatory function evaluation items, there were 11 items in level one. There were 12 items in level two. In level three there were eight items. Fourth, there were 23 items among the 48 evaluation tasks that correlated with the sentence intelligibility rating. There was one item in the observational evaluation stage which was in the articulatory structure evaluation task. In level one there were six items. In level two, there were eight items. In level three, there was a total number of eight items. Fifth, there was a total number of 14 items that influenced the syllable intelligibility rating. Sixth, there was a total number of 13 items that influenced the syllable intelligibility rating. According to the results above, the variables that influenced the speech intelligibility of CP children among the articulatory function tasks were in the respiratory function task, phonatory function task, and lip and chin related tasks. We did not find any correlation for the tongue function. The results of our study could be applied to speech evaluation, setting therapy goals, and evaluating the degree of progression in children with CP. We only studied children with the spastic type of cerebral palsy, and there were a small number of severe degree CP children compared to those with a moderate degree of CP. Therefore, when evaluating children with other degrees of severity, we may have to take their characteristics more into account. Further study on speech evaluation variables in relation to the severity of the speech intelligibility and different types of cerebral palsy may be necessary.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.38-59
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• 2017

Objectives: Few attempts have been made to develop a generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument and to examine its validity and reliability in Korea. We aimed to do this in our present study. Methods: After a literature review of existing generic HRQoL instruments, a focus group discussion, in-depth interviews, and expert consultations, we selected 30 tentative items for a new HRQoL measure. These items were evaluated by assessing their ceiling effects, difficulty, and redundancy in the first survey. To validate the HRQoL instrument that was developed, known-groups validity and convergent/discriminant validity were evaluated and its test-retest reliability was examined in the second survey. Results: Of the 30 items originally assessed for the HRQoL instrument, four were excluded due to high ceiling effects and six were removed due to redundancy. We ultimately developed a HRQoL instrument with a reduced number of 20 items, known as the Health-related Quality of Life Instrument with 20 items (HINT-20), incorporating physical, mental, social, and positive health dimensions. The results of the HINT-20 for known-groups validity were poorer in women, the elderly, and those with a low income. For convergent/discriminant validity, the correlation coefficients of items (except vitality) in the physical health dimension with the physical component summary of the Short Form 36 version 2 (SF-36v2) were generally higher than the correlations of those items with the mental component summary of the SF-36v2, and vice versa. Regarding test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient of the total HINT-20 score was 0.813 (p<0.001). Conclusions: A novel generic HRQoL instrument, the HINT-20, was developed for the Korean general population and showed acceptable validity and reliability.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.531-543
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• 1996

This study was done to develop a Maternal Identity Scale for Pregnant Women and to test the validity and reliability of the scale. A convenience sample of 161 pregnant women were asked to complete the MISP questionnaire which consisted of 45 item, this was done from December 20, 1995 to January 15, 1996. The research procedure were as follows. The first step was to identify a conceptual definition of maternal identity using Robin(1984)'s maternal identity and maternal experience during pregnancy. The second step was to operationalize the maternal identity, that is, perception of image possible of selves as mother, maternal role play by imagination, and the experiences of various emotional responses which are embedded in the mother-fetus dyad. The third step was item development which resulted in 45 items as appropriate measurement of maternal identity are except for the perception of image possible of selves as mother. The result findings were as follows : 1) Four factors for MISP (finally 40 items) were extracted through the principal component analysis and varimax rotation, and these contributed 49.3% of the variance in the total score. All 40 items in the scale loaded above .43 on one of 4 factors. 2) Each factor was named : factor 1 was named maternal role imagery and has 10 items, factor 2 was named happiness and has 11 items, factor 3 was named maternal fetal interaction and has 10 items, and the last factor 4 was named negative emotion and has 9 items. 3) Cronbach's -alpha coefficient for internal consistsncy was .92 for the total 40 items and .89, .90, .86, .78 for the four subscales in that order. Recommendations are suggested below : 1) The developed MISP be used to assess maternal readiness in pregnancy. 2) Replication study be done to test validity and relaibility. 3) For the overall measure of Maternal Identity in Pregnancy, scale for the perception of image possible of selves as mother, and cognitive domain be reorganized for the maternal identity in pregnancy. 4) It is necessary to identify variables that influences maternal pregnancy. 5) It Is necessary to identify that maternal identity in pregnancy is a reliable index of motherhood, to do correlation studies on maternal identity and major maternal variables in maternal transition period, to reoperationalize the maternal identity in postpartum, and finally to designate a longitudinal study of the maternal identity changes or stabilities.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.85-97
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine purchasing conditions and consumer complaint for outdoor sportswear items. The data used for a study were the complaint facts of 256 cases that were received at the Consumer Complaint Center of Gyeongnam YWCA during the period from July 2011 to April 2013. The statistical methods used to analyze data were Frequency Analysis and $x^2$-test by SPSS 14. The results of purchasing conditions analysis for outdoor sportswear items were as follows. According to outdoor sportswear items, purchasing place, purchasing price, and materials showed significant difference. The department store showed the highest ratio, but the ratio showed difference according to items. The price between over 100,000 won and under 200,000 won was most in case of T-shirts, padding, down jumper, aloha shirts, and pants. It showed as T-shirts and pants mixed spinning materials the most, jacket, padding, and down jumper used polyester the most, aloha shirts used cotton the most. The results of consumer complaint analysis for outdoor sportswear items were as follows. As a result of difference analysis for complaint occurrence place according to outdoor sportswear items, a laundry showed the highest ratio. As a result of difference analysis for the period used outdoor sportswear items until complaint occur, there was no significant difference. As a result of difference analysis for complaint type and contents according to outdoor sportswear items, the complaint types and contents were classified largely as change of color, change of shape, change of surface and touch, breakdown of subsidiary materials, and others.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

The purpose of this study were to analyze the anthropometric data of feet of Korean women with aging, to categorize the women's foot shapes, and to compare the shoe size according to the foot shapes in order to provide the basic information for more comfortable shoes. Subjects of this study were 181 women over age 20. They were measured with the direct measurement method and the indirect measurement method. 26 items were measured from the right foot and 6 items were taken on foot outline. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, analysis of variance, post-hoc test, and cross tabs were peformed for statistical analysis of the data by SPSS program. There were significant differences in height items, breadth items, girth items, and angle items by subjects' age. The older subjects' feet were wide and thick with big deformity on toes. The arch height of the older ones was low. This implicates that the degree of deformity on toes, the foot ratio, the foot girth, the foot breath and the arch height as well as the foot length are needed to be considered in developing comfortable shoes. Nine foot construction factors were extracted by the factor analysis of anthropometric measurements; foot size factor, heel and instep factor, malleolus lateralis factor, malleolus medialis factor, foot shape factor, shape of toes factor, heel height factor, big toe height factor, and internal factor. On the basis of the cluster analysis, three different foot shapes were categorized. Type 1 was large and wide foot with little deformity on little toe. Type 2 was medium foot with deformation of big toe, and with the lowest arch height. Type 3 was small and narrow foot with the highest arch height. Distribution of shoe size according to the foot shape was analyzed. The ball of foot breath was of wide distribution than the ball of foot girth. This implicates that girth items and breath items of the foot should be enclosed for the same foot length in the shoe sizing system.