• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.337-354
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• 2019

This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical studies conducted to investigate the behavior of exterior reinforced concrete beam column joints (BCJ) strengthened by using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. Twelve reinforced concrete beam-column joints (BCJ) were tested in an experimental program by simulating the joints in seismically deficient old buildings. One group of BCJs was designed to fail in flexure at the BCJ interface, and the second group was designed to ensure joint shear failure. One specimen in each set was -retrofitted with CFRP sheet wrapped diagonally around the joint. The specimens were subjected to both monotonic and cyclic loading up to failure. 3D finite element simulation of the BCJs tested in the experimental program was carried out using the software ABAQUS, adopting the damage plasticity model (CDP) for concrete. The experimental results showed that retrofitting of the shear deficient, BCJs by CFRP sheets enhanced the strength and ductility and the failure mode changed from shear failure in the joints to the desired flexural failure in the beam segment. The FE simulation of BCJs showed a good agreement with the experimental results, which indicated that the CDP model could be used to model the problems of the monotonic and cyclic loading of beam-column reinforced concrete joints.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2019

In this study, four reinforced concrete coupling beams were subjected to cyclic lateral loading test to evaluate the structural performance of coupling beam according to volume fraction of steel fiber. For this purpose, the volume fraction of steel fiber(0%, 1%, 2%) and transverse reinforcement spacing were determined as the main parameter. According to the test results, the maximum strength of D-40C-s100-0 was 1.15, 1.13, 1.05 times higher than D-40C-s300-0, D-40C-s300-1, D-40C-s300-2, respectively. The maximum strength of coupling beams with mitigated rebar details increases as the volume fraction of steel fiber increases. Although steel fiber 2% reinforced specimen(D-40C-s300-2) did not satisfy the amount of transverse reinforcement required for seismic design of coupling beam, the overall performance including to maximum strength, ductility and energy dissipation capacity was similar to the control specimen(D-40C-s100-0). As a result, the use of steel fiber with 2% reinforcement can partially replace the transverse reinforcement in diagonally reinforced concrete coupling beam.

• 국제강구조저널
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1541-1559
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• 2018

This paper addresses the dynamic loading characteristics of the shock tube onto sandwich steel beams as an efficient and accurate alternative to time consuming and complicated fluid structure interaction using finite element modeling. The corrugated sandwich steel beam consists of top and bottom flat substrates of steel 1018 and corrugated cores of steel 1008. The corrugated core layers are arranged with non-uniform thicknesses thus making sandwich beam graded. This sandwich beam is analogous to a steel beam with web and flanges. Substrates correspond to flanges and cores to web. The stress-strain relations of steel 1018 at high strain rates are measured using the split-Hopkinson pressure. Both carbon steels are assumed to follow bilinear strain hardening and strain rate-dependence. The present finite element modeling procedure with an improved dynamic impulse loading assumption is validated with a set of shock tube experiments, and it provides excellent correlation based on Russell error estimation with the test results. Four corrugated graded steel core arrangements are taken into account for core design parameters in order to maximize mitigation of blast load effects onto the structure. In addition, numerical study of four corrugated steel core placed in a reverse order is done using the validated finite element model. The dynamic behavior of the reversed steel core arrangement is compared with the normal core arrangement for deflections, contact force between support and specimen and plastic energy absorption.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.497-506
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• 2021

Steel-concrete composite structures and precast concrete elements have a common prefabrication process and allow fast construction. The use of hollow-core slabs associated with composite floors can be advantageous. However, there are few studies on the subject, impeding the application of such systems. In this paper, a numerical model representing the considered system using the FE (finite element)-based software DIANA is developed. The results of an experimental test were also presented in Souza (2016) and were used to validate the model. Comparisons between the numerical and test results were performed in terms of the load versus displacement, load versus slip, and load versus strain curves, showing satisfactory agreement. In addition, a wide parametric study was performed, evaluating the influence of several parameters on the behaviour of the composite system: The strength of the steel beam, thickness of the web, thickness and width of the bottom flange of the steel beam and concrete cover thickness on top of the beam. The results indicated a great influence of the steel strength and the thickness of the bottom flange of the steel beam on the capacity of the composite floor. The remaining parameters had limited influences on the results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.733-761
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• 2008

The failure of reinforced concrete structures in recent earthquakes caused concern about the performance of beam column joints. Confinement of joint is one of the ways to improve the performance of beam column joints during earthquakes. This paper describes an experimental study of exterior beam-column joints with two non-conventional reinforcement arrangements. One exterior beam-column joint of a six story building in seismic zone III of India was designed for earthquake loading. The transverse reinforcement of the joint assemblages were detailed as per IS 13920:1993 and IS 456:2000 respectively. The proposed nonconventional reinforcement was provided in the form of diagonal reinforcement on the faces of the joint, as a replacement of stirrups in the joint region for joints detailed as per IS 13920 and as additional reinforcement for joints detailed as per IS 456. These newly proposed detailing have the basic advantage of reducing the reinforcement congestion at the joint region. In order to study and compare the performance of joint with different detailing, four types of one-third scale specimens were cast (two numbers in each type). The main objective of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed reinforcement detailing. All the specimens were tested under reverse cyclic loading, with appropriate axial load. From the test results, it was found that the beam-column joint having confining reinforcement as per IS: 456 with nonconventional detailing performed well. Test results indicate that the non-conventionally detailed specimens, Type 2 and Type 4 have an improvement in average ductility of 16% and 119% than their conventionally detailed counter parts (Type1 and Type 3). Further, the joint shear capacity of the Type 2 and Type 4 specimens are improved by 8.4% and 15.6% than the corresponding specimens of Type 1 and Type 3 respectively. The present study proposes a closed form expression to compute the yield and ultimate load of the system. This is accomplished using the theory of statics and the failure pattern observed during testing. Good correlation is found between the theoretical and experimental results.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.769-777
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• 2000

본 논문은 CFT기둥-H형강보 철골 모멘트 접합부의 보-패널존 강도비에 의한 내진거동을 평가하였다. 보에 대한 패널존의 상대강도를 주요변수로 하였다. 각 실험체는 $H-350{\times}175{\times}7{\times}11$ 보(SS400)와 ${\boxe}-250{\times}250{\times}9$, ${\boxe}-250{\times}250{\times}12$ 기둥(SPSR400)으로 제작되었다. 실험체의 에너지 흡수량은 5.2~12.7(tm)의 분포를 나타냈다. 패널존이 보에 비해 너무 강하거나 약하면, 에너지 흡수능력이 열등했다. 철골 모멘트 저항골조에 있어서 본 실험의 결과는 패널존의 항복을 허용하는 것이 내진거동에 유리함을 나타내고 있다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.833-841
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• 2010

이 연구에서는 5개의 철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부 실험을 분석하였다. 연구의 주목적은 접합부에 인접한 보의 소성힌지의 영향으로 인한 부착 감소로 발생하는 보 주인장철근 미끄러짐에 따른 접합부 내력 및 연성을 평가하는 것이다. 또한 보 주인장철근량을 변수로 하여 접합부 내력 및 연성에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 실험 결과에 의하면 접합부의 전단강도비 $V_{j1}/V_{jby}$가 감소할수록 인접한 보의 소성힌지의 변형률 침투현상은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 주인장철근의 미끄러짐은 구간별로 다르게 나타났으며 주인장철근 뽑힘 현상은 접합부 전단강도비 $V_{j1}/V_{jby}$와 관계없이 비슷하게 나타났다. 이것은 주인장철근 뽑힘 현상이 변형률 침투현상만이 아닌 인접한 보의 소성힌지의 축변형에도 영향을 받기 때문이다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-74
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• 2001

A series of tests on concrete-filled SHS (Square Hollow Section) stub columns (twenty), columns (eight) and beam-columns (twenty one) were carried out. The main parameters varied in the tests are (1) Confinement factor (${\xi}$) from 1.08 to 5.64, (2) concrete compression strength from 10.7MPa to 36.6MPa, (3) tube width to thickness ratio from 20.5 to 36.5. (4) load eccentricity (e) from 15 mm to 80 mm and (5) column slenderness (${\lambda}$) from 45 to 75. A mechanics model is developed in this paper for concrete-filled SHS stub columns, columns and beam-columns. A unified theory is described where a confinement factor (${\xi}$) is introduced to describe the composite action between the steel tube and filled concrete. The predicted load versus axial strain relationship is in good agreement with stub column test results. Simplified models are derived for section capacities and modulus in different stages of the composite sections. The predicted beam-column strength is compared with that of 331 beam-column tests with a wide range of parameters. A good agreement is obtained. The predicted load versus midspan deflection relationship for beam-columns is in good agreement with test results. A simplified model is developed for calculating the member capacity of concrete-filled SHS columns. Comparisons are made with predicted columns strengths using the existing codes such as LRFD (AISC 1994), AIJ (1997), and EC4 (1996). Simplified interaction curves are derived for concrete-filled beam-columns.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

This work was attempted to join SCP sheet and STS304 sheet by using Nd:YAC laser beam. SCP sheet has good formability and low cost, while STS304 has excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties in high temp. In this experiment, butt joint type was used to develop the tailored blank welding for dissimilar steel. Sheets which have different thermal properties. Computer simulation was conducted to obtain the off-set position for efficient welding by considering laser power, scanning speed, focal length and basic properties. The result showed that the optimum thermal distribution was obtained when the laser beam was irradiated at $0.05{\sim}0.1$ mm off-set toward the SCP sheet side. The experiment was conducted based on the result of computer simulation to show the same optimum conditions. Optimum conditions were 3KW in laser beam power, 6m/min in scanning speed, -0.5mm in focal position, 0.1mm off-set toward SCP. Microhardness test, tensile test, bulge test, optical microscopy, EDS, and XRD were performed to observe the microstructure around fusion zone and to evaluate the mechanical properties of optimum conditions, The weld zone had high microhardness values by the formation of the martensitic structure. Tensile test measured the strength of welded region by vertical to strain direction and the elongation of welded region by parallel to strain direction. Bulge test showed $52\%$ formability of the original materials. Bead shape, grain size, and martensitic structure were observed by the optical microscopy in the weld zone. Detailed results of EDS, XRD confirmed that the welded region was connected of martensitic structure.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2020

철근 부식으로 인한 철근 콘크리트 구조물의 내구성능 저하를 방지하는 방법 중 하나인 에폭시 도막 철근의 사용이 증가하고 있으나, 에폭시 도막으로 인한 콘크리트와 철근의 부착성능 부족으로 정착길이 및 겹침이음길이를 증가시켜야하는 것이 문제가 된다. 이 논문은 에폭시 도막 철근의 부착성능을 개선하여 직접인발시험에서 확인한 기본정착길이의 감소 가능성을 실제 휨부재의 이음길이 산정에 반영할 수 있는지를 확인하기 위하여 수행한 실험연구를 정리한 것이다. 휨부재에서 일반철근과 에폭시 도막 철근의 겹침이음 특성을 비교하기 위하여 철근지름 및 겹침이음길이를 변수로 하여 36개의 시험체로 보-단부 실험을 통해 겹침 이음 성능평가를 하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 현행설계기준에 따라 이음길이에 보정계수 1.2를 사용한 에폭시 도막 철근 부착강도와 일반철근 부착강도를 비교한 결과 파괴 양상, 처짐특성 및 균열폭 등을 고려할 때 현행 설계기준에 따른 보정계수의 필요성을 확인하였다.