• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.83-100
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• 2006

Antibiotics which produced by mushrooms discovered for last 40 years were described. Any antibiotic has not been used as infectious disease remudy but will be used as physiological active substance in near future. The antibiotic of mushrooms have not been published much in papers and do not have various finds of structures, compared to those of Streptomyces. Triple bond having compounds, terpenoid compounds aromatic compounds and some other compound have been known. These compounds are not dissolved well in water and mainly fat-soluble, except for cordycepin. Also, they are generally neutral, and some of them are acidic and almost none of them are basic compounds. However, acetylene and terpenoid compounds are the characteristic compounds of mushroom, and are not found in other microorganisms and plants. Especially, there are various terpenoid compounds in mushrooms. These metabolites of mushrooms were not used as antibiotic, but are interested as physiological active substance, such as enzyme inhibitor and immunomodulator. To promote studying on the antibiotics of mushroom, new screening methods must be developed, because strain belonged to the different genus produces different antibiotics, even though mushrooms belonged to the same genus and species. It is also known that mushrooms collected in different areas produce different antibiotics. Now, it is difficult to separate each pure compound from mushroom. It is important to find mushrooms which is impossible to cultivate artificially, or grow in the back land where is difficult to collect. Thousands of mushrooms grow on earth now, so that which species will be screened if not known. The biochemical and mycological study for usability of the metabolites of mushrooms is thought, as one of the important research areas, must be performed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.474-480
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• 2024

Streptomyces avermitilis genome includes 33 genes encoding monooxygenation-catalyzing cytochrome P450 enzymes. We investigated the structure of CYP107P2 and its interactions with terpenoid compounds. The recombinant CYP107P2 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and the purified enzyme exhibited a typical P450 spectrum upon CO-binding in its reduced state. Type-I substrate-binding spectral titrations were observed with various terpenoid compounds, including α-pinene, β-pinene, α-terpinyl acetate, and (+)-3-carene. The calculated binding affinities (Kd) ranged from 15.9 to 50.8 µM. The X-ray crystal structure of CYP107P2 was determined at 1.99 Å resolution, with a well-conserved overall P450 folding conformation. The terpenoid compound docking models illustrated that the structural interaction between monoterpenes and CYP107P2, with the distance between heme and terpenes ranging from 3.4 to 5.4 Å, indicates potential substrate binding for P450 enzyme. This study suggests that CYP107P2 is a Streptomyces P450 enzyme capable of catalyzing terpenes as substrates, signifying noteworthy advancements in comprehending a novel P450 enzyme's involvement in terpene reactions.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.747-757
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• 2014

Since the air contamination by air pollutants from indoor construction materials and daily supplies has been increased in recent decades, the public interest of using environmentally friendly products and improving indoor air quality also attracted much attention. As known as effects of phytoncide, it has been used in construction materials and daily supplies with various method. In this study, hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) was used because of its high contents of phytoncide. The leaves of hinoki cypress (C. obtusa), which generated by pruning, were extracted by steam distillation, and then used as humidification water source. Volatile organic compound (VOC) from C. obtusa were characterized by GC-MS (Gas chromatograph-Mass spectrophotometry) in order to evaluate effects and risks of using C. obtusa extracts. Total 86 types and 116 types of VOC were detected from distilled water (DI water) and C. obtusa extracts, respectively. Aromatic compounds (DI water: 13 types, 53%; C. obtusa extracts: 13 types, 38%) and terpenoids (DI water: 16 types, 23%; C. obtusa extracts: 23 types, 33%) were detected more diverse types and higher amount than other compound categories. No additional aromatic compounds were found from C. obtusa extracts, so C. obtusa extracts did not affect on aromatic compounds emission. However, in terpenoids, total amount of emission from C. obtusa extracts increased to 33% from 23% (DI water) and 7 more types of compounds were found from C. obtusa extracts. Especially, from C. obtusa extracts, terpinen-4-ol was emitted 71 times higher than DI water. During the humidification with C. obtusa extracts, emitted terpenoid compounds were well known for higher anti-bacterial, anti-insect, and anti-septic functions, but also these had anti-hypertensive and anti-cancer activities. Therefore, terpenoids from C. obtusa extracts can help to improve public health by using humidifier.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.244-250
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• 1996

The objectives of this paper were to study the existence of resistant substance to pine gall midge from needles of Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergii, P. virginiana, and P. thunbergii${\times}$P. virginiana, and also to investigat whether terpenoids, fragrant substance contained in those species seduce or evade imago of pine gall midge to oviposit. Also, terpenoids and phenolic compounds were bioassayed on larva. The results are follows. Adults of pine gall midge oviposited indiscriminately all investigated pine species, while gall formation rate by pine gall midge showed 0% in Pinus virginiana, 9% in P. thunbergii${\times}$P. virginiana, 22% in P. thunbergii. It is suggested that young larvae is necrotized by resistant substance in the needles of P. virginiana. This results might mean that fragrant substance, terpenoids, extracted from pine species is not seducible or evadable substance. Larvae of pine gall midge placed on terpenoid and resin were not necrotized. The necrosis rate of larvae of pine gall midge cultivated in the solution of phenolic compounds extracted from needles of P. virginiana, salicylic acid and chitinase showed 89, 92, and 86% respectively. And necrosis rate was 56 and 59% in phenolic compounds extracted from P. densiflora and gallic acid respectively. So, it is postulated that phenolic compounds contained in needles of P. virginiana, salicylic acid and chitinase are resistant substance to pine gall midge.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.2 s.137
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• pp.116-121
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• 2004

Seven compounds, euscaphic acid (1), nepehinol (2), ursolic acid (3), phytol (4), ${\beta}-amyrin$ (5), scopoletin (6), and rutin (7) were isolated from the aerial parts of Synurus excelsus which has been used as Korean traditional medicine to treat rheumatic arthritis and dysmenorrhea. Their structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic methods. All compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.641-647
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• 1997

Volatile flavor components in whole edible portion, stem and leaf of fresh angelica (Angelica keiskei Koidz) were extracted by SDE (simultaneous steam distillation and extraction) method using the mixture of n-pentane and diethylether (1:1, v/v) as an extract solvent and analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. Identification of the volatile flavor components in aroma concentrate was mostly based on the RI of GC and mass spectrum of GC/MS. Twenty five hydrocarbons, 15 alcohols, 3 aldehydes, 6 esters, 2 ketones and 1 acid were identified in the whole edible portion of angelica. Twenty hydrocarbons, 13 alcohols, 4 esters and 1 acid were identified in the stem sample of angelica. Nineteen hydrocarbons, 11 alcohols, 4 aldehydes, 6 esters, 2 ketones and 1 acid were identified in the leaf sample of angelica. ${\gamma}-Terpinene$, germacrene B, ${\delta}-3-carene$, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, ${\gamma}-muurolene$ and ${\gamma}-elemene$ were the main components in each edible portions of angelica. The terpenoid compounds in volatile flavor components identified from whole edible portion, stem and leaf samples were confirmed as 75.76%, 86.42% and 78.21%, respectively. These results suggest that terpenoid compounds have a great effect on the flavor characteristics of angelica.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.2 s.141
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• pp.145-150
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• 2005

Nine compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Cirsium nipponicum. Their structures were identified to be phytene-1,2-diol (1), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (2), pectolinarigenin (3), epilupeol acetate (4), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (5), pinoresinol (6), apigenin (7), linaroside (8) and siparunoside (9) by spectroscopic means.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1980

By means of prefractionation on a silicagel column and combination of GC-Mass spectrometry, the essential oil constituents of Thymus magnus Nakai were analysed. Ten terpenoid compounds, ${\gamma}-terpinene$, ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-caryophyllene$, ${\beta}-bisabolene$, pcymene, 4-isopropyltropolone, thymol, carvacrol, terpinen-4-ol and Borneol, were identified by referring to the spectrums of their authentic specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.172-180
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• 1994

This study was carried out to separate and identify the acidic compounds in tobacco leaves. Izmir tobacco leaves was extracted with isopropyl ether and the extract was concentrated. The concentrate was extracted with 6% NaHCO3 aqueous solution. The aqueous extract was acidified with sulfuric acid, and extracted with diethyl ether. The acidic material was fractionated on silicic acid column using a benzene-methanol mixture with a stepwise increasing methanol concentration. The resulting fractions were esterified with diazomethane, and then identified by GC, GC/MS using SPB -5 fused silica capillary column. Most of acidic compounds in Izmir tobacco leaves were elected from fraction B which was benzene-methanol(98 : 2) mixture on silicic acid column chromatography. The identified acidic compounds of Izmir tobacco leaves were 18 saturated acids, 8 unsaturated acids, 5 dicarboxylic acids, 13 aromatic acids and 7 terpenoid acids. The major acidic compounds of lzmir tobacco leaves were 2- methylbutanoic, 3-methyl butanoic, 3- methylpentanoic, hexanoic, nonanedioic, phenylacetic, benzoic, 4- methoxybenzoic, 3, 5- dimethoxybenzoic, methoxycinnamic and 3, 4- dimethoxycinnamic acid. Key Words : Izmir tobacco, Acidic compounds, GC/MS.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2010

The objective of the present investigation is to evaluate the antimicrobial potency of the terpenoid fractions isolated from Luffa cylindrica seeds against various pathogenic microbes. The seeds were powdered and extracted with methanol in soxhlet appratus based on phytochemical screening. Three terpenoid components were isolated by column chromatography and identified by thin layer chromatography and chemical analysis which were designated as ${LCSF_4}^*$, ${LCSF_6}^*$ & ${LCSF_8}^*$ respectively. Disc diffusion method was employed to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of test compounds I, II and III $({LCSF_4}^*,\;{LCSF_6}^*\;&\;{LCSF_8}^*)$ against 6 microbial species viz., Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, Bacillus (B.) subtilis, Escherichia (E.) coli, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, Candida (C.) albicans and Aspergillus niger. The disc was saturated with $100{\mu}l$ of each compound, allowed to dry and introduced on the upper layer of seeded agar plate. The plates were incubated overnight at $37^{\circ}C$. Microbial growth was determined by measuring the zonal inhibition diameters. Compound I showed maximum potency against gram positive S. aureus (21 mm) in comparison with standard ciprofloxacin (38 mm), whereas the same compound was completely devoid of activity against both the fungi tested. Compound II was found to be highly sensitive against both the gram negative E. coli (20 mm) and P. aeruginosa (22 mm). Compound II was found to exhibit maximum potency against the fungi C. albicans (15 mm) and A. niger (20 mm). Compound III was found to be very effective against both the gram positive S. aureus (20 mm) and B. subtilis (15 mm) respectively.