• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.115-145
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• 2015

Objectives : In Huangdineijing(黃帝內經), there are many uncertain terms to express body structures, for example, Yuk(肉, flesh). The purpose of this study is to define the meaning of Yuk(肉, flesh) and relevant terminologies. Methods : To define the meaning and origin of Yuk(肉) character and relevant terminologies, examples in Huangdineijing(黃帝內經), Seolmunhaeja(說文解字) and other important references are investigated. Results : Yuk(肉) character has etymologically meant meat, and afterwards it has got meaning of flesh. In the main two terms derived from Yuk, Giyuk(肌肉) means flesh, and Bunyuk(分肉) means muscles in anatomical knowledges. Also Yuk has been the most important etymological word that means body, among the five parts of body[五體], Geun(筋, tedndon and ligament), Maek(脈, blood vessel), Yuk(肉 flesh), Pi(皮, skin) and Gol(骨, bone) to contribute to making basic meanings of those characters. Conclusions : It is necessary to make clear the definitions of many Korean medical terminologies especially in anatomical knowledges to be helpful for systematic management of terminologies.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.166-176
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• 2020

Objectives: This study reports on the effect of Integrative Medicine Therapy (IMT) on a patient with pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis. Methods: One pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis patient was treated using IMT in conjunction with Gemcitabine/Abraxane since September 2019. The cycle was repeated every four weeks for a total of 11 times. At the same time, the patient was treated with IMT. Tumor size was measured by scanning with Computed Tomography (CT). Adverse events were evaluated using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE), version 5.0. Results: After treatment with Gemcitabine/Abraxane and IMT for eight months, the size of the body and tail of the cancer tumor and several hepatic metastatic regions decreased (partial response, [PR]), size, and number of multiple nodules in both lungs decreased. No evidence of newly developed metastatic lesions was found. The patient has maintained a good treatment outcome and has shown prolonged overall survival. Conclusions: This case demonstrates that treatment with IMT may have substantial benefits for patients with end-stage pancreatic cancer.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Models of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are still difficult to grasp from the view of a Western-cultural background. For proper integration into science and clinical research, it is vital to think "out of the box" of classical sciences. Modern sciences, such as quantum physics, system theory, and information theory offer new models, that reveal TCM as a method to process information. For this purpose, we apply concepts of information theory to propose a "Chinese black box model," that allows for a non-deterministic, bottom-up approach. Considering a patient as an undeterminable complex system, the process of getting information about an individual in Chinese diagnostics is compared to the input-process-output principle of information theory and quantum physics, which is further illustrated by Wheeler's "surprise 20 questions." In TCM, an observer uses a decision-making algorithm to qualify diagnostic information by the binary polarities of "yang" (latin activity) and "yin" (latin structivity) according to the so called "8 principles" (latin 8 guiding criteria). A systematic reconstruction of ancient Chinese terms and concepts illuminates a scattered scientific method, which is specified in a medical context by Latin terminology of the sinologist Porkert [definitions of the Latin terms are presented in Porkert's appendix [1] (cf. Limitations)].

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was aimed to report a patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with modified Bangam-tang and Gunchil-dan in conjunction with gemcitabine. There were better survival-related outcomes compared to gemcitabine alone. Methods: The patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer received gemcitabine as palliative chemotherapy since June 2016 concurrent with modified Bangam-tang and Gunchil-dan since October 2016 to October 2017. To evaluate the effect of treatment, tumor markers (carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)), Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, and overall survival were checked. Adverse events were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. Results: After 12 months with the combination treatment, levels of CA19-9 were decreased from 8747 to 265.7 ng/ml and CEA from 42.2 to 6.5 U/ml. Clinical partial response state was shown until May 2, 2017 and stable disease state was maintained from August 4, 2017. In March 2018, the patient got an operation including pancreatectomy and diagnosed with no evidence of disease state in September, 2018. In conclusion, it showed the overall survival of 29 months from June, 2016 to November, 2018. Serious adverse events were not identified. Conclusions: This study suggested that combined treatment with modified Bangam-tang and Gunchil-dan may show better outcome in patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer than gemcitabine alone.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.594-601
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• 2023

Objective: To demonstrate an improvement in metastatic cancer pain and a decrease in tumor size in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer. Method: A 53-year-old female patient diagnosed with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in August 2022 underwent integrative cancer treatment (ICT) for two months to decrease the tumor size and improve back pain from bone metastasis. The patient underwent chemotherapy with ICT. Radiologic outcomes were assessed by chest, abdomen, and pelvis computed tomography based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) protocol. Clinical outcomes were assessed using National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (NCI-CTCAE), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), and a numeric rating scale (NRS). Result: During the two months of treatment, the NRS scores for back pain were improved, and the ECOG score improved from grade 2 to 1. The size and metabolic activity of the primary lung tumor decreased and underwent partial remission based on RECIST. No serious side effects of grade 3 or higher were noted on the NCI-CTCAE test. Conclusion: This case suggests that ICT may have a therapeutic effect for cancer pain and a synergetic effect with chemotherapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.43-55
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• 2018

This is a review of Juchon (舟村) Sinman's (申曼) book "Juchonsinbang (舟村新方)", describing generations of clinical experience in pediatric practice. Written during King Sukjong era in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty, JuchonSinman used symptoms and general disease terminology, including prescription and treatments employed over generations, so the public could easily utilize the information. "Juchonsinbang (舟村新方)" "pediatric (小兒編)" is characterized by a symptom differentiation method of prescribing herbs which allowed the reader to add or subtract various substances according to symptoms based on Tongchibang (通治方). "Juchonsinbang" includes unique prescriptions and new ways to distinguish acute infantile convulsion (急驚風) according to the cause of fright. Although these prescriptions were not completely new, they present an aspect of an empirical book including JuchonSinman's clinical experience based on existing medical theories. "Juchonsinbang" has a medico-historical value in that it was cited in many medical books such a "Danbangsinpyun (單方新編)", "Sujinggyunghumsinbang (袖珍經驗神方)", and "Hanbang medical pediatric book (漢方醫學小兒全科)" in 1910-30.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

The dissimilarities between South and North Korea have persisted in spite of the reconciliation campaign by both countries. The situation of the cleft lip & palate of North Korea was very unclear until now. The purpose of this study is to understand all the current facts of cleft lip & palate in North Korea so that we can find ways of helping North Korea in this field of medicine. The present data and analysis are extracted from North Korean textbooks. The results are as follow. 1. In North Korea, patients with CLP are treated by oral surgeons or maxillofacial surgeons. The detailed contents about the CLP are well described in the North Korean textbooks for the dental students. 2. The terminology of CLP in North Korea has changed from time to time, but the present terminology not being so different from South Korean counterpart. So there will be no particular problems in mutual communication. 3. The main classification for CLP in North Korea originated from Kernahan & Stark's classification as is with South Korea. 4. The incidence of CLP is 1 : 1,000-1,200 in North Korea, which is lower than that of South Korea. There is, however, some difference between the North and South Korean CLP in detailed statistics. 5. We found the North Korean physicians have shown much interest in pursuing the etiology and the prevention of CLP. 6. The timing of CLP operations varied a lot in North Korea. There was recommendation by few for the operation in much late age than in South Korea. 7. The classical operation techniques of cleft lip have changed. For unilateral cleft lip Tennison-Randall method was replaced by Millard I method: and for bilateral cleft lip LeMesurier method was replaced by Veau III and Tennison methods. But for cleft palate Pushback palatoplasty has been utilized consistently.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.485-497
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• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study was to systematically investigate herbal-drug-associated adverse drug reactions (herbal ADRs) reports submitted by a single oriental hospital and to analyze the general characteristics, causative agents, clinical manifestations, severity and types of herbal medicines which caused herbal ADRs. Methods : This study proceeded with IRB approval. The data on herbal ADR were collected prospectively from January 2008 to February 2012 by EMR of Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Hospital. The World Health Organization (WHO)-Uppsala Monitoring Center (UMC) criteria was used to determinate causality for each herbal ADR. WHO-Adverse Reaction Terminology (WHO-ART) System Organ Class (SOC) code and WHO severity category were also used in this study. Results : A total of twenty eight cases were reported. Twenty two cases were assessed to have over possible relations with herbal medication. The gender ratio of these cases were 64.6 percent female and 36.4 percent male, demonstrating no statistical significance. Patients aged over 60 were 59.1%. Gastro-intestinal system was reported to be the most frequently affected organ (38.8%), and followed by psychiatric system (22.4%), and integumentary system (22.4%). The most common clinical symptom was headache (12.2%), followed by diarrhea (10.2%), and pruritus (10.2%). The severity of most cases was assessed to be mild (89.8%). The percentage of moderate ones was 10.2%, and there were no severe cases. Conclusions : Progressive study and further analysis on herbal ADRs are warranted for safety in the clinical use of herbal medicines.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.209-215
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to examine the level of use of essential oriental nursing terms and related characteristics among nurses in oriental medicine (OM) hospitals. Method: A cross-sectional survey design with convenience sampling was employed. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 315 nurses in seven university-affiliated OM hospitals. The questionnaire included 174 oriental nursing terms about actions, tests, drugs, and theories. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with the level of use. Results: The response rate was 98.1% (n=309). Overall mean score for use of essential oriental nursing terms was 2.7(${\pm}\;0.7$) on a five-point Likert scale. Significant factors associated with the level of use were workplace and knowledge of oriental nursing theory terms. Nurses who worked in nursing care wards and those who had a higher level of knowledge of oriental nursing theories had a higher level of use. Conclusions: These findings indicate that level of use of essential oriental nursing terms were below average. Educational programs to enhance knowledge of oriental nursing theories need to be implemented for nurses in OM hospitals, considering their workplace, in order to facilitate nursing data sharing and communication among healthcare providers.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.587-593
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• 2013

Exhaustion syndrome(虛勞) became broadly experienced symptoms in Korean population. In this work, we carried out a systematic literature review on exhaustion syndrome(ES) and chronic fatigue. We searched through the databases Koreanstudies Information Service System, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, DataBase Periodical Information Academic for the articles published between 1994 and 2013, with the keywords 'exhaustion syndrome(虛勞)', 'consumption(虛損)', 'overexertion syndrome(勞倦)', 'fatigue', 'chronic fatigue' and 'degree of fatigue'. Among the first-run rough-searched 602 articles, we narrowed down the scope within the field of Oriental medicine (126 articles), and finally selected 28 articles appropriate to the intended research field; the selected articles were categorized by literature study(7 papers), clinical treatment (7), clinical diagnosis (5), treatment effects of herbal medicine (2), diagnosis in Sasang medicine and treatment effect of dry cupping therapy (2), and questionnaire-based diagnosis (5). We found that the overall research level on ES remained in the preliminary stages, and more efforts are needed in the field of terminology definition and standardization of diagnosis, and treatment efficacy validation beyond muscle fatigue. Finally, to develop reliable diagnostic devices on ES, we proposed a study design that included the development of objective ES diagnostic indicators and a clinical validation procedure.