• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.137-163
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• 2011

The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Mediation and Arbitration of Rural Land Contract Disputes, which was adopted at the 9th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on June 27, 2009, is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of January 1, 2010. This Law is enacted with a view to impartially and timely settling the disputes over contracted management of rural land, maintaining the legitimate rights and interests of the parties concerned and promoting the rural economic development and social stability. The mediation and arbitration of disputes over contracted management of rural land shall be governed by this Law. The disputes over the contracted management of rural land include: 1) disputes arising from the conclusion, fulfillment, modification, cancellation and termination of rural land contracts; 2) disputes arising from the sub-contract, lease, interchange, transfer, holding of shares and other means of turnover of contracted management rights to rural land ; 3) disputes arising from the withdrawal and adjustment of the contracted land; 4) disputes arising from the confirmation of contracted management rights to rural land; 5) disputes arising from impairment to the contracted management rights to rural land; and 6) other disputes over contracted management of rural land as prescribed in law and regulations. The disputes arising from requisition of collectively owned land and the compensations therefor do not fall within the scope of acceptance by the rural land contract arbitration commission, they may be settled by means of administrative reconsideration or lawsuits. In the case of disputes over the contracted management of rural land, the parties may make reconciliation by themselves or may request mediation by the villagers' committee, people's government of the township (town), etc. This study analyzed each process and the main issues on the point of the Mediation and Arbitration of Rural Land Contract Disputes.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.143-164
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• 2016

본고는 계약의 형식요건과 관련한 PICC상의 서면요건, 특정사항에 및 특정형식에 의한 합의를 조건으로 하는 계약의 성립, 일부의 계약조건이 의도적으로 미정인 계약, 통합조항, 특정형식에 의한 변경 등에 관한 법적 기준과 판결례를 통해 법적 시사점과 유의점을 추론한 논문이다. 승낙의 의사표시에 있어 계약교섭단계에서의 합의를 기초로 서면확약조건과 다른 추가 또는 변경사항은 계약의 일부를 구성하며, 서면확약의 수령자가 침묵과 무위에 임한 경우 당초 합의내용을 중대하게 변경하지 않는 한, 이는 승낙으로 취급된다. 다만 수령인이 부당한 지체 없이 그 조건에 반대하지 않아야 한다. 계약교섭 단계에서 일방이 특정사항 또는 형식으로 합의되기까지 계약이 체결되지 아니한다고 선언한 경우 특정사항 또는 특정형식으로 합의가 이루어지지 않는 한 계약은 체결되지 아니한다. 계약당사자가 계약체결의 의도를 가지고 일부 미결정내용을 추후 합의하거나 또는 제3자가 결정하도록 한 경우 이는 계약의 성립에 영향을 미치지 아니한다. 중대하지 않은 사안, 합의내용의 확정성 정도, 미결정내용의 성격상 추후 확정될 수 있는 사항과 연관되어 있다는 사실, 합의사항이 일부 이행과정에 있다는 사실 등이 결정기준으로 기능한다. 또한 서면에 의해 계약을 체결한 당사자는 추후 계약의 수정 또는 종료가 서면 또는 특정형식에 의한다는 사실을 확약할 목적으로 특별조항을 계약내용에 포함할 수 있다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1980

On the Chicago Meracntile Exchange, individuals and firms buy and sell contracts for specified amounts of products that are to be delivered at a time period in the future at a price arrived at through openly competitive bidding. The transfer of ownership of these delivery promises takes place in a particular trading pit, for each commodity, on the floor of the Exchange. Trades are officially made by qualified members of the Exchange who act as brokers for their customers. For his services, the broker is paid a nominal round- turn commission fee by the customer. Although each commodity contract carefully describes the particular standards that product must meet in order to be a acceptable for delivery, actually fewer than three percent of the contracts traded are consummated by delivery. For the most part, contract obligations ions art offset, and thereby liquids. before the termination of the delivery month. The trader liquidates his position in the market after analyzing price trends, his timing, and his calculated price objectives. (omitted)

• 무역상무연구
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• 제46권
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• pp.211-235
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• 2010

According to the commercial law in Korea, a marine cargo insurance contractor (policyholder, insured person, agent) has the duty to disclose risks before establishing an insurance contract and the obligation to notify changes in risks after before establishing the contract. Marine cargo insurance policy clauses include one about the obligation to notify changes in risks. This clause assumes that an insurance contract should be implemented according to what has been answered to the important questions asked by the insurer in connection with the insurant's duty to disclose before establishing an insurance contract, and it stipulates that, if any change in what has been disclosed should be notified to the insurer since it is regarded as a change in risks. Neglecting the obligation to notify may lead to the termination of the appropriate insurance contract by the insurer. The problems here concern the clauses about changes in risks and about the obligation to notify. The problems are like these. Can it be that the circumstances which might be seen in the past as changes in risks according to the territorial sea laws and institute cargo clauses stipulated long ago are considered as such still today? And a marine cargo insurance policy till valid when changes in risks have not been properly notified by the original discloser of risks to the insured who currently holds the marine cargo insurance policy, which, unlike other insurance policies, is a marketable security? In Korea, the commercial law has a clause the obligation to notify changes in risks established based on the territorial sea laws and institute cargo clauses. In this regard, this study aims to consider if the clause still valid today or not and, if not, to propose alternatives to the clauses.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.217-235
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• 2010

프랜차이즈 산업에서 지역제한(territorial restraint, 가맹점 상권보호조건)은 가맹본부가 가맹점에게 일정한 지역 내 영업권리을 보장하여 가맹점주들의 안정적인 영업활동을 보장해 주는 제도이다. 이러한 지역제한의 의미는 가맹점주의 초기 투자에 대한 지역 내 독점이윤을 보장하고 차후에 가맹본부는 기존 가맹점의 상권을 보호하여 동일 브랜드를 출점시키지 않겠다는 약속을 담고 있다. 지역제한은 이와 같이 가맹본부의 사후 기회주의(postcontractual opportunism)를 사전에 방지할 수 있는 제도이다. 본 연구는 실제 외식프랜차이즈 기업들을 대상으로 지역제한의 여부에 따른 브랜드 수와 계약해지정도를 살펴보고자 한다. 우선 브랜드 수를 분석하는 목적은 브랜드 수에 따른 프랜차이즈본사의 기회주의를 살펴볼 수 있기 때문이다. 지역제한이 계약서에 반영된 상태에서는 가맹본사가 동일한 이름의 브랜드 입점이 불가능하기 때문에 새로운 브랜드를 만들고자 할 것이다. 즉 계약서에서 언급한 동일한 브랜드 조건을 피해가면서 해당 상권에 또 다른 가맹점을 출점시키려고 할 것이다. 따라서 가맹본사의 기회주의가 존재한다면 계약서의 지역제한 명기에 따라서 보유하는 브랜드수가 달라질 것이다. 또한 지역제한이 계약서에 명기된 경우, 기존 가맹점들에 대한 계약해지 사유 발생 시 즉각적인 실행에 대한 동기가 높아질 것이다. 가맹본사는 새로운 점포를 개설할 때마다 추가비용(인테리어비용, 개설비, 초기 집기 비용 등)을 매출로 인식하기 때문에 지역제한 때문에 출점에 제한을 받아오던 본사입장에서 가맹점의 계약해지 상황에 대해서 적극적으로 실행할 수밖에 없다. 따라서 지역제한이 존재할 경우, 기존 가맹점에 대한 계약해지 가능성이 그 만큼 높아지는 것이다. 분석 결과, 브랜드 숫자와 계약해지 정도는 지역제한에 따라서 차이가 있어 가맹본사는 지역제한이 있는 경우, 더 적극적으로 새로운 브랜드를 시장에 출시하려고 하며 계약해지 사유에 대해서도 적극적으로 반응하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제55권
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• pp.209-240
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• 2012

Since the age of Lord Mansfield, who laid the foundation of the modern English insurance contract law in the second part of the 18th century, English insurance law has developed a unique rule of warranty. Lord Mansfield adopted very different approach and afforded such a strict legal character to insurance warranty, because the promise, given by the insured, played an important role for the insurer to assess the scope of the risk insured at that time. It is still important that the insured keep his promises strictly to the insurer under the insurance contract, but legal environments have changed dramatically since the times of Lord Mansfield. English Law Commission proposed some proposals for reforming the warranty regime to reflect the changes of legal environment in CP 2007. This article is, therefore, designed to examine the proposals and consider their legal and practical implications. The proposals of Law Commission is summarized as following. First, in CP 2007, Law Commission made two principal proposals for reform of the law on warranty. The first is that the insurer should not be entitled to rely on a breach of warranty unless the insured has been provided with a witten statement of what they have undertaken under warranty. The second is that the insurer should not be entitled to reject a claim on the ground that the insured has breached a warranty unless there was a causal connection between the breach and the loss. Secondly, for consumer insurance, the rule requiring a causal connection would be mandatory, whereas for business insurance, it would be possible for the parties to agree on the effect a breach of warranty should have, provided they use clear language to express their intentions. Thirdly, where the insured contracted on the insurer's written standard terms of business, some statutory controls would be afforded to the contract to ensure that the cover was not substantially different from what the insured reasonably expected. Finally, Law Commission propose that a breach of warranty give the insurer the right to terminate the contract, rather than automatically discharging it from liability, but (unless otherwise agreed) only if the breach has sufficiently serious consequences to justify termination under the general law of contract. Having evaluated the proposals of the Law Commission and considered their legal and practical implications, it is quite clear that the proposed rule interfere with freedom of contract and create legal uncertainty. But change can not made without any victims, so Law Commission's attempt to change severe and injust aspects of the warranty regime would be very welcomed and respected.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of recognition and reading experience of the rental housing law in rental housing residents. The subjects of this study were 359 residents who lived in Gwang-Ju and who were surveyed by questionnaire in 2000. Data was analyzed with the statistical methods of frequency, percentage, mean and chi-square. The main results of this study were as follows: 1) About 64% of the residents knew the rental housing law 2) Degree of recognition about the rental housing law was significant on age, apartment size, housing rental deposit, and monthly rental fee. 3) About 92% of the residents didn't read the rental housing law. 4) Degree of reading about the rental housing law was not significant on the level of housing characteristics. If the residents knew about rental housing law, it might be prevented the damage from housing rental deposit refund debate, contract termination and rental housing company dishonor.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2012

Regarding project management, many organizations have developed and distributed general project management knowledge systems, and application fields use the knowledge systems to apply the process suitable for characteristics of a project. This study suggests project management process models to apply to system integration projects. This system integration project management process model is composed of six top processes of initiation, preparation for contract, planning, implementation management, coordination and control, and termination and transfer. The five processes are re-divided into 25 bottom processes. These processes are expressed as input, control, output, and mechanism by using the IDEF0 model. For this model development, it has chosen the items which constituted a process through a questionnaire of experts.

• 무역학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.67-86
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• 2020

This study analyzes the buyer's remedies for defects in title under DCFR, and it is compared with those of CISG. DCFR adopts a unitary concept of 'non-performance' which is any failure and includes delayed performance and any other performance which is not conformed with the contract. In terms of defects in title, any remedies for non-performance are available under DCFR. Thus. under DCFR, the buyer is entitled to enforce specific performance of obligations, to withhold performance, to terminate for fundamental non-performance, to reduce price, to damage for loss, to require repair, or to deliver a replacement. But under CISG, whether or not defects in title constitute 'non-conformity' is not clear and the majority understands 'non-conformity' does not include title defects. Therefore, the buyer may not has rights to require repair and delivery of replacement unlike DCFR.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2001년도 학술대회지
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• pp.17-22
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• 2001

"대가지급"은 시공자(계약상대자)가 계약의 이행을 통해 얻고자 하는 궁극적인 목적이므로 "대가지급"과 관련된 계약조건은 발주자와 시공자 모두에게 공정하고 합리적인 내용이 되어야 할 것인데 우리나라 건설계약에 적용되고 있는 "공사계약일반조건(회계예규 2200.04-104-9, 2001.2.10)"에 규정된 "대가지급" 관련 조항의 내용은 그러한 합리성이 결여되어 있는 문제점이 있다. 대표적인 문제점으로 발주자가 대가지급을 하지 못하거나 지연시키는 경우 지급지연에 따른 이자에 대한 보상규정만을 두고 있을 뿐인데 이는 국제건설계약에 적용되고 있는 계약조건에 규정된 시공자의 권리와는 너무도 큰 차이가 있다 할 것이다. 그러므로 본 고에서는 세계건설시장에서 공정성과 합리성을 인정받고 있는 FIDIC 계약조건에 규정된 "대가지급" 관련 조항의 내용들을 구체적으로 알아보고 이를 통해 우리나라 건설계약에 적용되고 있는 계약조건의 문제점을 파악함으로써 건설제도의 선진화에 일조 하고자 한다.