• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2022

The concept of "public health care (public health and medical services)" as discussed in South Korea is used in an unclear sense, with a meaning unlike the terminology used worldwide. The terms "public health care (public health and medical services)" and "health care (health and medical services)" have the same legal definition in Korea. Globally, "public health care (public health and medical services)" refers to medical services provided to the public that are operated as publicly funded resources, but in Korea, this term is confined to limited medical services prescribed by the government. The following considerations regarding "public health care (public health and medical services)" in Korea are proposed: All medical services performed by the state, regional governments, health care institutions, or health care workers to protect and promote the health of the people should be clearly established as "public health care (public health and medical services)" by definition. The financial burden borne by the state through national health insurance should be increased to an appropriate level to clarify the state's responsibility. Improving public health is an urgent priority in Korea, and this goal can be achieved by improving regional public health through systematic relationships between the state and regional governments, establishing a Ministry of Health, and efficiently allocating public health doctors who are important for providing regional medical care in rural and remote areas. It will be possible to actively deal with infectious diseases at the national level through establishment of a Ministry of Disease Control and Prevention.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.221-233
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• 2024

The 2023 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) revised the definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to broadly include a variety of etiologies. A new taxonomy, composed of etiotypes, aims to highlight the heterogeneity in causes and pathogenesis of COPD, allowing more personalized management strategies and emphasizing the need for targeted research to understand and manage COPD better. However, controversy arises with including some diseases under the umbrella term of COPD, as their clinical presentations and treatments differ from classical COPD, which is smoking-related. COPD due to infection (COPD-I) and COPD due to environmental exposure (COPD-P) are classifications within the new taxonomy. Some disease entities in these categories show distinct clinical features and may not benefit from conventional COPD treatments, raising questions about their classification as COPD subtypes. There is also controversy regarding whether bronchiectasis with airflow limitations should be classified as an etiotype of COPD. This article discusses controversial issues associated with the proposed etiotypes for COPD in terms of COPD-I, COPD-P, and bronchiectasis. While the updated COPD definition by GOLD 2023 is a major step towards recognizing the disease's complexity, it also raises questions about the classification of related respiratory conditions. This highlights the need for further research to improve our understanding and approach to COPD management.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.180-192
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• 2000

Recently, the component technology has played a main role in software reuse. It has changed the code-based reuse into the binary code-based reuse, because components can be easily combined into the developing software only through component interfaces. Since components and component users have increased rapidly, it is necessary that the users of components search for the most proper components for HTML among the enormous number of components on the Internet. It is desirable to use web-document-typed specifications for component specifications on the Internet. This paper proposes to use XML component specifications instead of HTML specifications, because it is impossible to represent the semantics of contexts using HTML. We also propose the XML context-search method based on XML component specifications. Component users use the contexts for the component properties and the terms for the values of component properties in their queries for searching components. The index structure for the context-based search method is the inverted file indexing structure of term-context-component specification. Not only an XML context-based search method but also a variety of search methods based on context-based search, such as keyword, search, faceted search, and browsing search method, are provided for the convenience of users. We use the 3-layer architecture, with an interface layer, a query expansion layer, and an XML search engine layer, of the search engine for the efficient index scheme. In this paper, an XML DTD(Document Type Definition) for component specification is defined and the experimental results of comparing search performance of XML with HTML are discussed.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.289-299
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• 2020

In this study, the definition, the level of difficulty, and the certainty of the understanding of 113 astronomy terminologies from 2009 revised middle school geoscience textbooks were examined. And through further interviews, the types of students' misconceptions about astronomy terminologies and their representative terms - examples of misconceptions were analyzed. The definitions of the terms presented by the students were largely classified as correct, low-level, and incorrect understanding. And low-level understanding was subdivided into high-level definition descriptions, undifferentiated concepts, and incorrect answers were subdivided into interference by scientific misconception and lack of prior knowledge. Given that the misconceptions due to terminologies can be distinguished from the prior misconception, the misconceptions due to terminologies can be effectively prevented by changing the term itself. In addition, students were aware of the advantages and disadvantages of metaphorical terms, and the recognition of their level of understanding is expected to be a good starting point considering that recognizing their own misconceptions is the first step in correcting them. Terminologies in science education is always an important subject of discussions, striving to select the right term according to the times, and scientific terms may change. It is expected that the results of this study will be the basis for discussions on the modification of terms.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.32
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• pp.243-267
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• 2016

Deonum preexisted prior to it being named. Of course, the object designated as deonum at that time is not the same as the object designated as deonum at this time. There have been historical transitions in the definitions of the term deonum. This paper traced the term deonum to its origin from another angle. On closer inspection about the possible use as the everyday language and the technical language in the field of arts except for pansori, the term deonum was essentially a word for a tune. Deonum was in the same category as deureum, a great word in the Korean traditional music. But the definition of deonum as a tune used in the early part of the former period of eight master singers or before that gradually disappeared for a long time. When the term deonum as an everyday language first entered the field of pansori, it meaned characteristic tune singed by master singers. As pansori develop artistically, the term deonum changed into the word refers to the sori part, and this example become common in the former period of eight master singers. Most sori part acknowledged as a deonum in the former period of eight master singers was a deonum as a creative repertories, the master singer's creative work, but a deonum as a popular repertories, the master singer's specialty, began to be acknowledged as a deonum after the latter period of eight master singers. The differentiation between the definitions of deonum as a sori part occured. And most sori part acknowledged as a deonum after the modern era of five master singers have belonged to a deonum as a specialty. In this context, it was confirmed that Cheong Nosik wrote Joseonchanggeuksa, with carefully considering the historical change of definitions of deonum. This book includes three definitions of deonum, a deonum as a tune, a deonum as a creative work, and deonum as a specialty.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.454-472
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• 2014

This study is to analyze the approaches of development discourse and its representation in geography curriculum and textbooks for middle school in Korea. The paper examines the spectrum of development discourse in terms of modernization theory, dependency theory, neoliberalism, grassroots development, sustainable development, postcolonism, post-structuralism and post-development. The findings on geography textbook analysis based on them are as follows. First, Most of the textbooks don't include the definition and operational definition on development and sustainable development. Second, development indicators rely on normal economic indicators like GDP or GNI per capita. HDI that includes GDP per capita, level of education and life expectancy is treated in some of the textbooks, and gender index is never presented. Third, a textbook still uses biased terms such as developed and most developed countries instead of developing countries. Fourth, in plans to solve economic unequality and geographical problems, personal level is treated less than the global, nation and NGOs. Finally, statements on sustainable development contain only intergenerational equity, not intergenerational equity. And approaches on sustainable development are based on technocentric approaches more than ecocentric approaches. Thus geography textbooks should be carefully written on development discourse by authors.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.31
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• pp.209-226
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• 2013

With rapidly changing multimedia environment, various artistic changes and digitalized up-to-date social infra, urban environment construction based on culture contents has been activated. The large image in front of urban building that is expressed as media-façade, increasing rapidly in a recent period, is not a new thing at all. In addition, IT technology molten in city space is testing the possibility of new media through the meeting with architecture. However, unlike its infra enlargement, the definition about media-façade is not clear so the system was constructed in a level of night lightscape or outdoor image advertisement. The purpose of this guideline is the regulation from the negative aspect rather than the possibility of various visual, artistic media expressions. Therefore, it could not show essential concept of media-façade. Moreover, most of companies or building owners focus on short-term profit and marketing effect rather than prepare various contents so they can not use constructed infra properly. After all, in many cases, they discolor the meaning of media-façade. This paper is a pilot study to grasp the current definition of media-façade to construct right guideline of media-façade. On the basis of this study, it will prepare academic definition of media-façade and construct the guideline for design evaluation.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.565-586
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• 1998

Like many other school subjects, terminology is a starting point of mathematical thinking, and plays a key role in mathematics learning. Among several areas in mathematics, geometry is the area in which students usually have the difficulty of learning, and the new terms are frequently appeared. This is why we started to investigate geometric terms first. The purpose of this study is to investigate geometric terminology in school mathematics. To do this, we traced the historical transition of geometric terminology from the first revised mathematics curriculum to the 7th revised one, and compared the geometric terminology of korean, english, Japanese, and North Korean. Based on this investigation, we could find and structuralize the following four issues. The first issue is that there are two different perspectives regarding the definitions of geometric terminology: inclusion perspective and partition perspective. For example, a trapezoid is usually defined in terms of inclusion perspective in asian countries while the definition of trapezoid in western countries are mostly based on partition perspective. This is also the case of the relation of congruent figures and similar figures. The second issue is that sometimes there are discrepancies between the definitions of geometric figures and what the name of geometric figures itself implies. For instance, a isosceles trapezoid itself means the trapezoid with congruent legs, however the definition of isosceles trapezoid is the trapezoid with two congruent angles. Thus the definition of the geometric figure and what the term of the geometric figure itself implies are not consistent. We also found this kind of discrepancy in triangle. The third issue is that geometric terms which borrow the name of things are not desirable. For example, Ma-Rum-Mo(rhombus) in Korean borrows the name from plants, and Sa-Da-Ri-Gol(trapezoid) in Korean implies the figure which resembles ladder. These terms have the chance of causing students' misconception. The fourth issue is that whether we should Koreanize geometric terminology or use Chinese expression. In fact, many geometric terms are made of Chinese characters. It's very hard for students to perceive the ideas existing in terms which are made of chines characters. In this sense, it is necessary to Koreanize geometric terms. However, Koreanized terms always work. Therefore, we should find the optimal point between Chines expression and Korean expression. In conclusion, when we name geometric figures, we should consider the ideas behind geometric figures. The names of geometric figures which can reveal the key ideas related to those geometric figures are the most desirable terms.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.31-46
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• 2011

The purpose of this survey was to give data and information about type and needs of Home Physical Therapy, Visiting Physical Therapy and School Physical Therapy for physical and nurse. The subjects were 154(99 physical therapists and 55 nurses) who were working at geriatric rehabilitation hospitals and children hospitals. The period of questionary collection was from the 15 of August to the 15th of September 2011. And data was analysis from 99 articles such as journals related to physical therapy, and searched with keyword 'home and visiting physical therapy' by web site and Korea National Assembly Library from 1991 to 2011. The data was analysis with percentage, mean, standard deviation and ANOVA by SPSS PC 12.0. The results were as follows; 1. The definition of 'Home Physical Therapy' has been community based on physical therapy service for the patient who had diagnosis by medical doctor, has been based on medical law. The definition of 'Visiting Physical Therapy' has been community based on physical therapy service at home for the patient who had diagnosis by medical doctor, for the national basic living security, and senior citizen over 65 years who lives alone, has been based on law for community health and law of long term health insurance. The definition of 'School Physical Therapy' has been school based on physical therapy service at school after class for the disabled children who are studying at school, has been based on special education law article 28. 2. As for the knowledge of the Home and Visiting and School Physical Therapy, both groups PT and nurse were 'I do not know'125(81.3%) of the difference the concept of 3 definitions, so it means to need education and information about the different concept of three physical therapy. As for the needs of home and visiting physical therapy, both groups of PT and Nurse were 'needs' 151(98.1%). Physical therapist showed of 'Needs' on visiting physical therapy 35(35.4%), home physical therapy 32(32.3%), and schole physical therapy 32(32.3%). Nurse showed of 'Needs' on home physical therapy 23(41.8%). visiting physical therapy 19(34.5%), school physical therapy 13(23.6%). Therefore it is necessary to have home and visiting physical therapy as for the elderly and disabled person. 3. As for the qualification of Home and Visiting physical therapist, both PT and nurse groups showed as follows; take post graduation education program for home and visiting therapy after became PT : home physical therapist 108(70.1%), visiting physical therapist 106(68.8%). So it means education center or university can be developed post graduation program for home and visiting physical therapist. 4. As for the 'Needs' of school physical therapy, both groups of PT and nurse showed as follows; 'Needs' 142(92.2%), 'Needs superviser education program' 148(96.1%), in PT group showed 'I will participate of education program' 92(92.9%). 5. As for the present states of research papers or report of home, visiting, and school physical therapy was as follows; the 103 papers for 8 fields about' the needs of home and visiting physical therapy' from 1991 to 2011, the 13 papers for 2 fields about school physical therapy from 2001 to 2011, so total papers were 114 articles.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.545-554
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• 2021

According to the changes of the medical environment of the times, it is necessary to discuss the issues of the doctor's medical guidance and to conduct continuous research so that alternatives can be prepared systematically. Furthermore, in order to enhance the professionalism of radiological technologists and to develop the medical technician system, the new Radiological Technologist Independent Act has been established, which contains the overall contents of the scope of work, professional qualifications, and specialized education of radiological technologists, and provides quality medical services to patients through professional procedures and treatment. In order to increase the level of medical care, the purpose, definition, mission, role, and scope of work specified in the Medical Act, Medical Service Technologists, etc. Act, the Enforcement Decree, and the Enforcement Rules were variously analyzed and new directions were presented. First, the definition of a medical technician should use a generic term so that the factors of conflict and prejudice could be resolved. Second, change the doctor's guide to doctor's prescription; and then legislate the authority to sign and write medical records after examination by radiological technologists, thereby prohibiting unlicensed technicians that seriously endanger patient safety. Third, an accurate definition of radiological technologists' roles should be established; not only selection and management of radiological technologists' work but also procedures and treatment for each radiology field should be specified to suit the current medical system. Fourth, a professional radiological technologists' qualification system and a specialized education system should be established in order to secure human resources that could provide patients trust in procedures and treatment based on professional knowledge and experience in the field of radiology. Fifth, the Education and Evaluation Institute should be operated in Korea education system to educate the professional knowledge and competency for students. In addition, it is necessary to in-depth analysis of foreign cases could be applied to the medical system and education system in Korea; it could strive to nurture systematic human resources.