• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
• /
• pp.304-307
• /
• 2004

Direct tensile tests were carried out for the tensile members of MMA-modified polymer concrete with different steel kinds and steel diameters and steel ratios to figure out the effect of tensile strength of polymer concrete. In the experiments, MMA-modified polymer concrete with $1000\;kgf/cm^2$ of compressive strength, steel with $5200\;kgf/cm^2$ of tensile strength, and the tensile members with 100 cm of constant length were used. Experimental results showed that, regardless of steel kinds, diameters and steel content, the strain energy exerted by concrete till the initial crack was $14-15\%$ of the total energy till the point of yield: The energy was much larger than the one of high-strength cement concrete. The behaviors of tensile members of MMA-modified polymer concrete were in relatively good agreement with the model suggested by Gupta-Maestrini (1990), which was idealized by the effective tensile stress-strain relationship of concrete and the load-strain relationship of members, while those showed a big difference from CEB-FIP model and ACI-224 equation suggested for the load-displacement relationship that was defined as the cross sectional stiffness of effective axis. Modified ACI-224 model code about the load-displacement relationship for the tensile members of MMA-modified polymer concrete and theoretical equation for the polymer concrete tensile stiffness of polymer concrete suggested through the results of this study are expected to be used in an accurate structural analysis and resign for the polymer concrete structural members.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.293-303
• /
• 2017

Maximum deflection in a beam is a serviceability design criterion and occurs generally at or close to the mid-span. This paper presents a methodology using neural networks for rapid prediction of mid-span deflections in reinforced concrete beams subjected to service load. The closed form expressions are further obtained from the trained neural networks. The closed form expressions take into account cracking in concrete at in-span and at near the interior supports and tension stiffening effect. The expressions predict the inelastic deflections (incorporating the concrete cracking) from the elastic moments and the elastic deflections (neglecting the concrete cracking). Five separate neural networks are trained since these have been postulated to represent all beams having any number of spans. The training, validating, and testing data sets for the neural networks are generated using an analytical-numerical procedure of analysis. The proposed expressions have been verified by comparison with the experimental results reported elsewhere and also by comparison with the finite element method (FEM). The proposed expressions, at minimal input data and minimal computation effort, yield results that are close to FEM results. The expressions can be used in every day design since the errors are found to be small.

• KCI Concrete Journal
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.55-72
• /
• 2000

This paper proposes a mechanical model to describe the load-deformation responses of the reinforced concrete plate members under service load state. An Analytical method is introduced on the basis of the rotating crack model which considers equilibrium, compatibility conditions, load-strain relationship of cracked member, and constitutive law for materials. The tension stiffening effect in reinforced concrete structures is taken into account by the average tensile stress-strain relationship from the load-strain relationship for the cracked member and the constitutive law for material. The strain compatibility is used to find out the crack direction because the crack direction is an unknown variable in the equilibrium and compatibility conditions. The proposed theory is verified by the numerous experimental data such as the crack direction, moment-steel strain relationship, moment-crack width relationship. The present paper can provide some basis for the provision of the definition of serviceability for plate structures of which reinforcements are deviated from the principal stresses, because the present code defines the serviceability by the deflection, crack control, vibration and fatigue basically for the skeletal members. The proposed theory is applicable to predict the service load state behavior of a variety of reinforced concrete plate structures such as skew slab bridges, the deck of skew girder bridges.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.1113-1134
• /
• 2016

A methodology using neural networks has been proposed for rapid prediction of inelastic bending moments in reinforced concrete continuous beams subjected to service load. The closed form expressions obtained from the trained neural networks take into account cracking in concrete at in-span and at near the internal supports and tension stiffening effect. The expressions predict the inelastic moments (considering the concrete cracking) from the elastic moments (neglecting the concrete cracking) at supports. Three separate neural networks are trained since these have been postulated to represent all the beams having any number of spans. The training, validating, and testing data sets for the neural networks are generated using an analytical-numerical procedure of analysis. The proposed expressions are verified for example beams of different number of spans and cross-section properties and the errors are found to be small. The proposed expressions, at minimal input data and computation effort, yield results that are close to FEM results. The expressions can be used in preliminary every day design as they enable a rapid prediction of inelastic moments and require a computational effort that is a fraction of that required for the available methods in literature.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 추계 학술발표회 제16권2호
• /
• pp.49-52
• /
• 2004

In this studies, Dapped End Beams(DEB) having disturbed regions were designed by using strut tie model, and the main purpose of this paper is that whether T-headed bars and Steel fibers will be present or not. The ability of DEB with T-headed bars have a superior performance rather than others, such as improved ductility, larger energy adsorption and enhanced post-peak load carrying capability. The capacity of DEB with steel fibers also show increase of ductility, shear strength, fatigue strength and crack. Each DEB with both headed bars and steel fibers, headed bars, and steel fibers as a substitute reinforced steel in the disturbed regions and a DEB with only stirrup and tie reinforced steel were comparable. In contrast, the headed bar stirrups, the tie headed bars and the reinforced steel fibers did not lose their anchorage and hence were able to develop strain hardening and also served to delay buckling of the flexural compression steel. Excellent load-deflection predictions were obtained by increasing the tension stiffening effect to account for high load effects.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.483-495
• /
• 2020

Dams are vital infrastructures that are expected to maintain their stability during seismic excitations. Accordingly, cemented material dams are an emerging type, which are being increasingly used around the world owing to benefiting from advantages of both earth-fill and concrete gravity dams, which should be designed safely when subjected to strong ground motion. In the present paper, the seismic performance of a cemented sand and gravel (CSG) dam is assessed using incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method by accounting for two failure modes of tension cracking and base joint sliding considering the dam-reservoir-foundation interactions. To take the seismic uncertainties into account, the dam is analyzed under a suite of ground motion records and then, the effect of friction angle for base sliding as well as deformability of the foundation are investigated on the response of dam. To carry out the analyses, the Cindere dam in Turkey is selected as a case study, and various limit states corresponding to seismic performance levels of the dam are determined aiming to estimate the seismic fragilities. Based on the results, sliding of the Cindere dam could be serious under the maximum credible earthquake (MCE). Besides, dam faces are mostly to be cracked under such level of intensity. Moreover, the results indicate that as friction angle increases, probability of sliding between dam and foundation is reduced whereas, increases tensile cracking. Lastly, it is observed that foundation stiffening increases the probability of dam sliding but, reduces the tensile damage in the dam body.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.49-58
• /
• 2012

이 연구에서는 순환굵은골재를 사용한 철근콘크리트 보의 휨거동을 평가한다. 이를 위하여 골재의 종류와 흡수율이 서로 다른 3개의 실험체를 제작하였다. 모든 실험체는 4점 가력을 받도록 계획하였으며, 전단의 영향이 크도록 전단경간비를 2.5로 계획하였다. 실험체의 모멘트-곡률 관계를 예측하기 위하여 인장증강효과를 고려한 비선형 휨해석을 수행하였으며, 실험체의 전체 거동을 평가하기 위하여 전단의 영향을 고려할 수 있는 비선형 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 실험결과, 흡수율 6%의 순환굵은골재를 사용한 실험체의 휨강도와 균열특성은 천연골재를 사용한 실험체와 서로 유사함을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 실험결과와 해석결과를 비교한 결과, 기존 해석방법을 이용하여 순환굵은골재를 사용한 철근콘크리트 보의 거동을 타당하게 예측할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.130-137
• /
• 2018

콘크리트의 구성모델은 많은 연구를 통해 부재의 비선형 거동을 합리적으로 예측할 수 있도록 여러 모델이 개발되어 왔고 철근의 구성모델은 철근과 콘크리트의 부착 효과에 따른 인장 강화 현상을 반영한 모델이 연구되고 있지만 완전탄소성이나 이선형 변형도 경화 모델이 일반적으로 사용되고 있다. 코어 벽체로 활용하기 위해 개발하고 있는 복합 PC 패널의 반복가력 실험을 통해 길이 방향 철근의 좌굴에 의해 비선형 거동이 발생하였음을 확인하였다. 이 연구에서는 이와 같은 비선형 거동을 해석적으로 모사하기 위해 철근의 매입과 좌굴의 영향을 고려할 수 있는 구성모델들을 조사하였고 이 구성모델들을 재구성하여 새로운 모델을 제시하였다. 또한 제시한 모델의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 해석결과를 콘크리트 벽체와 복합 PC 패널 실험결과와 비교하였다. 철근의 매입 효과만 고려된 모델을 사용한 해석결과는 항복 이후 하중의 감소 없이 변형이 증가하는 거동을 예측하고 있지만, 제안 모델은 항복 이후 하중의 감소를 표현할 수 있어 콘크리트 패널의 거동을 예상하는 재료 모델로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2002

지진하중을 받는 철근콘크리트 패널의 이력거동을 힘의 평형조건, 변형의 적합조건 및 재료의 구성법칙을 이용한 재료메카니즘을 이용하여 예측하였다. 해석에서는 7단계의 압축응력-변형률곡선과 6단계의 인장응력-변형률곡선으로 구성된 콘크리트의 응력-변형률 모델을 이용하였다. 콘크리트의 응력-변형률 모델에는 균열이 발생한 콘크리트의 연화효과에 의한 압축강도 저감효과가 고려되었다. 해석에 적용된 반복하중을 받는 철근의 평균 응력-변형률관계에는 바우싱거효과 및 철근과 콘크리트의 부착작용을 고려한 인장경화효과가 고려되었다. 해석에 의하여 예측된 패널의 이력거동은 철근비가 다른 3개의 철근콘크리트 패널시험에 의하여 검증되었다. 해석법은 패널의 이력곡선을 추적하여 철근비가 점차 증가하는 시험체의 최대전단응력을 매우 정확히 예측하였다. 또한, 해석에 의하여 예측된 수직 및 수평변형률은 실험에서 관찰된 변형률과 잘 일치하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.785-794
• /
• 2004

이 논문은 휨과 전단이 동시에 작용하고 있는 철근콘크리트 보에서 전단은 휨모멘트의 변화율(V=dM/dx)이라는 기본 관계식에 근거한 새로운 트러스모델링기법을 제안하는 것이다. 이 새로운 모델의 핵심은 보의 경간에서 내부 모멘트 팔길이의 변화를 고려함으로써, 보의 전단 저항 메커니즘을 아치작용과 보작용이라는 두 기본 성분의 합으로 표현할 수 있게 한 것이다. 이두 작용에 의한 전단 저항 구성비는 상호 변형 적합조건을 적용하여 계산하였는데, 이 때 수정압축장이론과 CEB/FIP MC-90의 인장강화효과 공식을 이용하였다. 이렇게 함으로써 전단과 모멘트 관계식 V=dM/dx을 수치적으로 복제할 수 있는 새로운 트러스모델을 결정하였다.