• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.125-130
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• 2018

Purpose: The etiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is complex and multifactorial including trauma, anatomical, pathophysiological, social and psychological factors. Psychological factors can induce or sustain TMDs in various ways. And psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression can be occurred due to TMDs. Therefore, evaluation of psychological factors in patients with TMDs is important. Although disc displacement (DD) is crucial in clinical situation, most of studies have focused on the relationship of psychosocial factors and myofascial pain. And also, Subtypes of DD can cause different degrees of discomfort, it is necessary to evaluate the psychological states of the patients according to the subtype. The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) is one of the self-report questionnaire to evaluate the psychological factors. HADS-Anxiety (HADS-A) and HADS-Depression (HADS-D) are assessed through 14 questions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate anxiety and depression assessed by HADS in patients diagnosed with subtypes of DD according to diagnostic criteria for TMDs. Methods: Four hundred thirty nine patients were diagnosed as one of the subtypes of DD. One hundred fourty nine subjects with no symptoms were set as control groups. All of them answered the HADS for Koreans. The cut-off score for anxiety and depression was set a score of 8. The chi-square test was performed to evaluate association between DD and anxiety/depression. Results: There was a significant difference in HADS-D between five groups (p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in HADS-A. All the DD groups showed a significant difference in HADS-D compared with the control group except the DD without reduction without limited opening group. The DD without reduction with limited opening group showed the highest rates in HADS-D (40.4%). Conclusions: Based on the above results, it is necessary to consider the depression in treatment of the patients with DDs.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.65-68
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• 2019

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD), involving the masticator system of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticator muscle, can be characterized with the cardinal signs and symptoms of jaw pain, noises and limitation of mandibular range of motion. However, TMD requires differential diagnosis due to its heterogeneous characteristics with various causes despite the similar clinical profiles. Oral cancer involving TMJ and the masticator system, although infrequent, can be one of these causes and should be considered one of the most life-threatening disease mimicking TMDs. This report introduces a case of masticator space tumor originally diagnosed as TMD in a 73-year-old Korean female with previous history of brain tumor. The clinical signs and symptoms closely mimic that of TMD which may have disrupted differential diagnosis. We discuss here key points for suspecting TMDs of secondary origin, namely, that of cancer and the implications it has on dental clinicians.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.99-109
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated factors influencing the xerostomia symptoms in the patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Methods: Eighty-six participants over the age of twenty were randomly enrolled from patients with TMDs. The patients were diagnosed by Diagnostic Criteria-TMD (DC-TMD). Intensity of the pain and level of stress of the patients were recorded using TMD pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and stress VAS, respectively. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90R), dry mouth symptom questionnaire, unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR) and oral moisture were measured. Results: The patients who had above the mean of the TMD pain VAS had significantly higher scores on the stress VAS, subjective dry mouth symptoms and T-score of somatization. The patients who suffered from pain more than three months had significantly higher TMD pain VAS, subjective dry mouth symptoms and T-score of somatization. There were no significant differences in xerostomic symptoms according to the diagnosis of TMDs. Moreover, TMD pain VAS and the stress VAS did not correlated to USFR and oral moisture. Conclusions: The level of individuals' TMD pain and stress significantly affect their subjective dry mouth symptoms, however, it did not affect USFR and oral moisture.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.183-188
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• 2022

Purpose: The goal of this study was to investigate the causative factors related to the stress of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) by evaluating salivary cortisol concentration in young adult TMD patients and control groups. Methods: Saliva was obtained from 32 young adult TMDs patients and 34 control patients without a history of TMDs who visited Chosun University Dental Hospital between June 1 and August 31, 2021. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to measure the salivary cortisol concentration. Results: The salivary cortisol concentration in the TMD patient group and the control group differed significant significantly (p<0.05). The salivary cortisol concentration according to the duration of the clinical symptom of TMD differed significantly difference between the two groups in the male. The salivary cortisol concentration according to perceived stress level differed significantly in the mild and moderate groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in salivary cortisol concentration between the two groups related to bruxism or clenching (p>0.05). Conclusions: The salivary cortisol concentration in the TMD patient group and the control group showed statistical relevance, indicating that stress was a causative factor.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2018

Occlusion may change spontaneously but dental treatment or trauma in the patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) may also alter occlusion. This report presents three cases displaying occlusal changes. Review of literature emphasizes the significance of TMD treatment. Conservative treatment modalities such as counseling, medication, physical therapy and splint therapy may be selected as initial treatment options. Irreversible or invasive treatment, such as orthodontic, prosthodontic, and occlusal adjustment should not be attempted early. In case there is no response to conservative treatment, joint injection, muscle injection, arthrocentesis or arthroscopic surgery might be performed.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.181-192
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• 1994

There have been many different theories on the etiology of temporomandibular disorders(TMDs). The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of occlusal fctors and recent life event changes as prediposing fctor on the development of temporomandibjlar disorders. To evaluate the above predisposing factor, the author used T-scan system(Tekscan Co. U.S.A.) for quantitative occlusal analysis, clinical examination for occlusal state and Social Readjustment Rating Scale(SRRS) for recent life event change units (LCU). 63 patients with TMDs and 57 patients with malocclusion presented at Wonkwang University Dental Hospital participated in this study. The subjects were grouped by Angle's classification and presence of absence of TMDs and parafunctional oral habits. Data gained with regard to contact number, contact force, contact time, occlusal state(number of total teeth and occluding teeth, overjet, overbite) and occlusal interferences (protrusive posterior contact, nonworking side interference, and RCP-ICP slide) and recent life event changes. The data were processed and analysed by SAS statistical package program, The results of this study were as follows : 1. There were no significant differences on both quantitative occlusal contact analysis and occlusal state between TMDs group and Angle's malocclusion group. Also, there were no differences among the Angle's classifications. But amount of overjet in TMDs group were more greater than that of malocclusion group. 2. There was no difference on protrusive posterior contact, and balancing contact between TMDs group and Angle's malocclusion group. Premature contact was more frequent in malocclusion group, but RCP-ICP slide was more frequent in TMDs group. And RCP-ICP slide was more freqent in Angle's class II malocclusion than Angle's I or III malocclusion. 3. Life changes units in TMDs group were higher than those in malocclusion group. And recent life change units in group with parafunctional oral habit were higher than those in group without parafunctional oral habits. Clenching was the most common habit among parafunctional oral habits.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2019

Etiology of temporomandibular disorders is multifactorial origin and complex. therefore, reversible and conservative treatment is recommended in the initial approach of TMD. oral appliances are widely used to manage TMDs, while their mechanisms of action and its effects remain controversial and unclear. The purpose of this paper was to review information regarding the types, designs, and materials of occlusal appliances and the rationale for the continued use of OS for the management of TMDs.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.254-261
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of stress and oral parafunctional habits on temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) in college students. Methods: An online survey comprising 354 questionnaires was conducted from May 23, 2020, to June 21, 2020. The collected data were analyzed using Student's t-test, one-way analysis of variance, correlation tests, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The stress symptom score was higher in females than in males. The symptoms of physical stress were significantly higher among students from the Department of Public Health, whereas those of psychological stress were higher among students from the Department of Physical Education. Both TMDs and oral parafunctional habits were higher among females, students of the Departments of Arts and Physical Education, and seniors. The higher the stress symptom level, the higher the scores for TMD and oral parafunctional habits. TMD and oral parafunctional habits were found to be most affected by physical stress. Conclusion: These findings indicate that a reduction in physical stress is required to decrease the prevalence of oral parafunctional habits and TMDs among college students. This can be achieved by the incorporation of physical activity programs, which may aid in reducing the symptoms of physical stress.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 2023

Purpose: The current case study focuses on identifying the effects of manual therapy and home self-therapeutic exercise including on mouth opening and pain relief in patients with continuous neck pain with myofascial temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) accompanied by headache induced by masticatory myalgia Subjects: The study participant was a 27-year-old woman who was treated a year ago for pain related to TMDs accompanied by a headache. Methods: Manual therapy of the cervical spine with upper cervical spine posterior-to-anterior mobilization (C1~C2), upper cervical spine flexion mobilization (C0~C2), upper cervical spine lateral flexion mobilization (C0~C1), upper cervical spine thrust manual therapy (C1~C2) and manual therapy of the temporomandibular joint and muscles with transverse medial accessory temporomandibular joint mobilization, manual therapies for the temporal, the masseter, and medial pterygoid muscles were performed twice a week for about 30 minutes for 4 weeks. This protocol included 3 sessions in total. The home self-therapeutic exercise was to be performed two to three times a day. Results: The values more improved MMO increased to 41.4 mm, left masseter muscle PPT to 2.9 kgf/cm², right masseter muscle PPT to 3.1 kgf/cm², KHIT-6 to 46 points, neck pain intensity (by NRS) to 2 points, headache frequency to per weeks, cervical kyphotic angle to -8.06%, and GCPS to grade 1 (low-intensity pain without pain-related disorder). Conclusion: Manual therapy and home self-therapeutic exercise can be helpful for mouth opening and pain relief in patients with myofascial TMDs accompanied by secondary headaches induced by masticatory myalgia.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.44 no.11 s.450
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• pp.711-718
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• 2006