Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain

Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine (대한안면통증구강내과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Disc Displacement according to Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders

  • Park, Junhyong (Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Wonkwang University Daejeon Dental Hospital) ;
  • Shim, Young-Joo (Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Wonkwang University Daejeon Dental Hospital) ;
  • Lim, Hyun-Dae (Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Lee, You-Mee (Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Kang, Jin-Kyu (Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Wonkwang University Daejeon Dental Hospital)
  • Received : 2018.11.16
  • Accepted : 2018.11.29
  • Published : 2018.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: The etiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is complex and multifactorial including trauma, anatomical, pathophysiological, social and psychological factors. Psychological factors can induce or sustain TMDs in various ways. And psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression can be occurred due to TMDs. Therefore, evaluation of psychological factors in patients with TMDs is important. Although disc displacement (DD) is crucial in clinical situation, most of studies have focused on the relationship of psychosocial factors and myofascial pain. And also, Subtypes of DD can cause different degrees of discomfort, it is necessary to evaluate the psychological states of the patients according to the subtype. The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) is one of the self-report questionnaire to evaluate the psychological factors. HADS-Anxiety (HADS-A) and HADS-Depression (HADS-D) are assessed through 14 questions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate anxiety and depression assessed by HADS in patients diagnosed with subtypes of DD according to diagnostic criteria for TMDs. Methods: Four hundred thirty nine patients were diagnosed as one of the subtypes of DD. One hundred fourty nine subjects with no symptoms were set as control groups. All of them answered the HADS for Koreans. The cut-off score for anxiety and depression was set a score of 8. The chi-square test was performed to evaluate association between DD and anxiety/depression. Results: There was a significant difference in HADS-D between five groups (p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in HADS-A. All the DD groups showed a significant difference in HADS-D compared with the control group except the DD without reduction without limited opening group. The DD without reduction with limited opening group showed the highest rates in HADS-D (40.4%). Conclusions: Based on the above results, it is necessary to consider the depression in treatment of the patients with DDs.

Keywords

GGNGBC_2018_v43n4_125_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Age distribution of disc displacement patient groups (5-year increments).

Table 1. Sex distribution of DD patient groups

GGNGBC_2018_v43n4_125_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. HADS-A in DD subgroups and control group

GGNGBC_2018_v43n4_125_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. HADS-D in DD subgroups and control group

GGNGBC_2018_v43n4_125_t0003.png 이미지

Table 4. Comparison of depression (HADS-D) between control and each of DD subgroups

GGNGBC_2018_v43n4_125_t0004.png 이미지

References

  1. De Leeuw R, Klasser GD. Orofacial pain: guideline for assessment, diagnosis, and management. 5th ed. Chicago (IL): Quintessence Pub. Co.; 2013. p. 130.
  2. Korean academy of orofacial pain and oral medicine. Orofacial pain and temporomandibular disorders. 4th ed. Seoul: Yenang; 2012. pp. 69, 166.
  3. Giannakopoulos NN, Keller L, Rammelsberg P, Kronmuller KT, Schmitter M. Anxiety and depression in patients with chronic temporomandibular pain and in controls. J Dent 2010;38:369-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2010.01.003
  4. Okeson JP. Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion. 7th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2013. pp. 107, 108, 129, 259.
  5. Simons DG, Travell JG, Simons LS. Travell & Simons' myofascial pain and dysfunction: the trigger point manual: volume 1: upper half of body. 2nd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999. p. 221.
  6. Lavigne GJ, Cistulli PA, Smith MT. Sleep medicine for dentists: a practical overview. Chicago (IL): Quintessence Pub. Co.; 2009. pp.147-150.
  7. Okeson JP. Bell's oral and facial pain. 7th ed. Chicago (IL): Quintessence Pub. Co.; 2014. pp. 94, 321, 330-365.
  8. Cha JH, Park JS, Ko MY, Ahn YW. A psychological analysis of the recurred TMD patients by SCL-90-R. J Oral Med Pain 2006;31:141-146.
  9. Lee YO, Lee SW. A study of the emotional characteristics of temporomandibular disorder patients using SCL-90-R. J Craniomandib Disord 1989;3:25-34.
  10. Kim HI, Lee JY, Kim YK, Kho HS. Clinical and psychological characteristics of TMD patients with trauma history. Oral Dis 2010;16:188-192. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01626.x
  11. Yap AU, Tan KB, Chua EK, Tan HH. Depression and somatization in patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Prosthet Dent 2002;88:479-484. https://doi.org/10.1067/mpr.2002.129375
  12. Kino K, Sugisaki M, Haketa T, et al. The comparison between pains, difficulties in function, and associating factors of patients in subtypes of temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil 2005;32:315-325. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01439.x
  13. Bonjardim LR, Gaviao MB, Pereira LJ, Castelo PM. Anxiety and depression in adolescents and their relationship with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. Int J Prosthodont 2005;18:347-352.
  14. Minghelli, B, Morgado M, Caro T. Association of temporomandibular disorder symptoms with anxiety and depression in Portuguese college students. J Oral Sci 2014;56:127-133. https://doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.56.127
  15. Pizolato RA, Freitas-Fernandes FS, Gaviao MB. Anxiety/depression and orofacial myofacial disorders as factors associated with TMD in children. Braz Oral Res 2013;27:156-162. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-83242013000100021
  16. Boscato N, Almeida RC, Koller CD, Presta AA, Goettems ML. Influence of anxiety on temporomandibular disorders--an epidemiological survey with elders and adults in Southern Brazil. J Oral Rehabil 2013;40:643-649. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12076
  17. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983;67:361-370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x
  18. Oh SM, Min KJ, Park BD. A study on the standardization of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for Koreans: a comparison of normal, depressed and anxious groups. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 1999;38:289-296.
  19. Dworkin SF, LeResche L. Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique. J Craniomandib Disord 1992;6:301-355.
  20. Schiffman E, Ohrbach R, Truelove E, et al. Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) for clinical and research applications: recommendations of the international RDC/TMD consortium network and Orofacial pain special interest group. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 2014;28:6-27. https://doi.org/10.11607/jop.1151
  21. Goncalves DA, Dal Fabbro AL, Campos JA, Bigal ME, Speciali JG. Symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in the population: an epidemiological study. J Orofac Pain 2010;24:270-278.
  22. Manfredini D, Guarda-Nardini L, Winocur E, Piccotti F, Ahlberg J, Lobbezoo F. Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review of axis I epidemiologic findings. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011;112:453-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.04.021
  23. Yang HY, Kim ME. Prevalence and treatment pattern of Korean patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Med Pain 2009;34:63-79.
  24. Manfredini D, Piccotti F, Ferronato G, Guarda-Nardini L. Age peaks of different RDC/TMD diagnoses in a patient population. J Dent 2010;38:392-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2010.01.006
  25. Calixtre LB, Gruninger BL, Chaves TC, Oliveira AB. Is there an association between anxiety/depression and temporomandibular disorders in college students? J Appl Oral Sci 2014;22:15-21. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-775720130054
  26. Bjelland I, Dahl AA, Haug TT, Neckelmann D. The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review. J Psychosom Res 2002;52:69-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00296-3