• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.6 s.249
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• pp.594-601
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• 2006

Optimization study has been carried out to design an energy efficient, high temperature vacuum furnace which satisfies users' design requirements. First of all, the transient temperature distribution and the uniform temperature zone results have been compared with the steady state results to validate the feasibility of using steady state solution when constructing the thermal analysis DB. In order to check the accuracy, the interpolated results using thermal analysis DB have been compared with the computational and the experimental results. In this study, total heat flux is selected as the objective function, and the geometry parameters of vacuum furnace including the thickness of insulator, the heat zone sizes and the interval between heater and insulator are the design variables. The Uniform temperature zone sizes and the wall temperature are imposed as the design constraints. With negligible computational cost a high temperature vacuum furnace which has $40\sim60%$ reduction in total heat flux is designed using thermal analysis DB.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2038-2043
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• 2007

Analysis of the internal state of the blast furnace is needed to predict and control the operating condition. Especially, it is important to develop modeling of blast furnace for predicting cohesive zone because shape of cohesive zone influences on overall operating condition of blast furnace such as gas flow, temperature distribution and chemical reactions. Because many previous blast furnace models assumed cohesive zone to be fixed, they can't evaluate change of cohesive zone shape by operation condition such as PCR, blast condition and production rate. In this study, an axi-symmetric 2-dimensional steady state model is proposed to simulate blast furnace process using the general purpose-simulation code. And Porous media is assumed for the gas flow and the potential flow for the solid flow. Velocity, pressure and temperature distribution for gas and solid are displayed as the simulation results. The cohesive zones are figured in 3 different operating conditions.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.285-294
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• 1987

Parametric study on the efficiency of Rotary Solid Dehumidifer are reported. Experi-ments have been performed by varying regeneration temperature, regeneration humidity, flow rate of regeneration air, angular velocity of dehumidifer rotor and regeneration angle. To improve the energy efficiency, MODE 2,3 where coding zone is constructed and MODE 4, 5 where recirculating zone is constructed, were studied through experimental method $\ldots$. These results show that economical operating ranges exist in regeneration temperature, flow rate of regeneration air, angular velocity of dehumidifier rotor and regeneration angle. MODE 2,3 where cooling zone is constructed between regeneration Bone and process zone, is far better than MODE 1 in view of energy effiency, and optimum cooling angle and flow rate of cooling air exist. But MODE 4 and MODE 5, where recirculating zone is constructed, are similar to MODE 1.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 1972

The temperature distribution and cooling rate play an important role in the investigation of heat affected zone of weldment. All the problems such as metallurgical changes, welding thermal stress, welding residual stress and welding deformation in the heat affected zone of welded joint are due to the temperature distribution and cooling rate. In this paper, one dimensional temperature distribution and cooling rate due to transient arc welding heat in the heat affected zone of the base metal are studied. Heat transfer equation for one dimensional heat flow is formed, and solution is obtained. Weld heat input formula is also formed and used. Computed numerical results show a good agreement with the experimented temper color.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.589-595
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• 2019

The top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) method is an effective approach for the growth of high-quality SiC single crystals. In this method, the temperature gradient in the melt is the key factor determining the crystal growth rate and crystal quality. In this study, the effects of the aperture at the top of the hot-zone on the growth of the SiC single crystal obtained using the TSSG method were evaluated using multiphysics simulations. The temperature distribution and C concentration profile in the Si melt were taken into consideration. The simulation results showed that the adjustment of the aperture at the top of the hot-zone and the temperature gradient in the melt could be finely controlled. The surface morphology, crystal quality, and polytype stability of the grown SiC crystals were investigated using optical microscopy, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and micro-Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The simulation and experimental results suggested that a small temperature gradient at the crystal-melt interface is suitable for growing high-quality SiC single crystals via the TSSG method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.2399-2408
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• 2002

A prediction procedure has been developed to evaluate the microtructures and material properties of heat affected zone (HAZ) in pressure vessel steel weld, based on temperature analysis, thermodynamics calculation and reaction kinetics model. Temperature distributions in HAE are calculated by finite element method. The microstructures in HAZ are predicted by combining the temperature analysis results with the reaction kinetics model for austenite grain growth and austenite decomposition. Substituting the microstructure prediction results into the previous experimental relations, the mechanical material properties such as hardness, yielding strength and tensile strength are calculated. The prediction procedure is modified and verified by the comparison between the present results and the previous study results for the simulated HAZ in reactor pressure vessel (RPV) circurnferential weld. Finally, the microstructures and mechanical material properties are determined by applying the final procedure to real RPV circumferential weld and the local weak zone in HAZ is evaluated based on the application results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.247-253
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• 2004

As a large scale port development in coastal waters proceeds step by step and populations in the vicinity of port are getting increased, the issue on "how to dispose the treated municipal water and wastewater in harbor" brings peoples′ concern. The submarine outfall system discharges the primary or secondary treated effluent at the coastline or in deep water, or between these two. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the sea surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding sea water and becomes very dilute. We intended in this paper to investigate the impact on dilution of effluent and the behavior of flume under the conditions of the seasonal and spatial temperature variations, which have not been noticeable in designing effective marine outfall system. To predict and analyze the behaviour and dilution characteristics of plume not just with the effluent temperature, but also with the seasonal variation of temperature of surround water and tidal changes, CORMIX(Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System)-GI have been applied. The results should be used with caution in evaluation the mixing zone characteristics of discharged water. We hope to help for the effective operation of outfall system, probable outfall design, protection of water quality, and warm water discharges from a power plant, etc.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.149-154
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• 2001

The emission characteristics, flame stability, the composition of the flame zone and temperature profile were studied experimentally. The compositions of oxydant were varied by substituting $N_2$ with $CO_2$ at the constant $O_2$ concentration. Results showed that flame became unstable due to the high heat capacity, low transport rate and strong radiation effect of $CO_2$ in comparison with those of $N_2$. The reaction zone was cooled, broadened, as the conversion ratio of $CO_2$ to $N_2$ was increased. Temperature has a large effect on the NOx emission. The concentration of NOx in flue gas decreased due to the decreased temperature of reaction zone. It was also shown that the reaction was delayed by the cooling effect. As the conversion ratio of $CO_2$ to $N_2$ was increased, the emission of CO and the higher temperature zone increased due to the decrease of reaction rate by the cooling effect.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.629-634
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• 2005

This paper performed to predict vertical temperature distribution and air flow near cold heat source in the mass merchandising store. At the height of 150 cm, the vertical air temperature difference between the results of CFD and of measurement field showed $10\%$ near the refrigeration zone and $8.8\%$ near the freezing zone. Therefore, it regarded as appropriate for the using CFD to investigate airflow near the heat sources. The 3 kinds of CFD model were divided by the disposition of diffuser/exhaust and diffuser air temperature. At the refrigeration and freezing zone in the Model 2 and 3, the temperature difference between the front and the back of human model were showed $6.8^{\circ}C\;and\;3.9^{\circ}C$ with diffuser air temperature $17^{\circ}C$ and were showed $6.8^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$ with diffuser air temperature $19^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.943-950
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• 2015

Heat stress has adverse effects on fertility of dairy animals. Decline in fertility is linearly associated with an increase in combination of both temperature and humidity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperature humidity index (THI) and the pregnancy rate of Murrah buffaloes in a subtropical climate. The effects of genetic and non-genetic factors viz., sire, parity, period of calving and age group at first calving were found non-significant on pregnancy rate. The effect of THI was found significant (p<0.001) on pregnancy rate of Murrah buffaloes calved for first time and overall pregnancy rate. The threshold THI affecting the pregnancy rate was identified as THI 75. The months from October to March showed THI<75 and considered as non heat stress zone (NHSZ), while months from April to September were determined as heat stress zone (HSZ) with $THI{\geq}75$. The lowest overall pregnancy rate (0.25) was obtained in July with THI 80.9, while the highest overall pregnancy rate (0.59) was found in November with THI 66.1. May and June were identified as critical heat stress zone (CHSZ) within the HSZ with maximum decline (-7%) in pregnancy rate with per unit increase in THI. The highest overall pregnancy rate was estimated as 0.45 in NHSZ with THI value 56.7 to 73.2. The pregnancy rate was found to have declined to 0.28 in HSZ with THI 73.5 to 83.7. However, the lowest pregnancy rate was estimated as 0.27 in CHSZ with THI value 80.3 to 81.6.