• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2013

Objectives : The warm needling technique is the method combining the effects of acupuncture needle with those of moxibustion. We need to standardize the characteristics of the warm needling technique, in order to get more systematic and objective results in operation and effects and then get more clinical abilities in these fields. Methods : In this study, using labview system on the warm needling technique, we measured and compared partial temperature changes according to the kind of needle. We studied relations of moxa cones of various sizes with the peak combustion temperature. Results and Conclusions: When we measured the warm needling's partial temperature, temperature measured at 1 and 2 cm below the head, according to the kind of needle, gold needle got the higher result on the peak than SS304 stainless steel needle. In the case of combustion of the moxa cones, cones weighing 0.4 g and 0.8 g, respectively, and the apex ignition method with gold needle showed the higher result than the apex ignition method with stainless steel needle, when we measured the effective stimulus time at 2 cm below the head and the mean temperature during the effective stimulus time. Although more research to standardize the characteristics of the warm needling technique will be needed, we suggest, according to these results, that warm needling of gold needle combined with moxa cone of 0.4 or 0.8 g is effective.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2000년도 제21회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.175-182
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• 2000

Flame temperatures were measured and compared using a rapid insertion technique and a two-color pyrometry with Abel inversion process in co-flow ethylene diffusion flames. The measured line-of-sight temperature showed very limited usefulness in understanding the detailed soot formation/oxidation process in a co-flow diffusion flame. The flame temperatures could be measured with reasonable accuracy for the soot laden regions in ethylene diffusion flames using two-color pyrometry with an Abel inversion technique. Two-color-pyrometry with Abel inversion was demonstrated as a useful temperature measurement technique for co-flow diffusion flames, expecially under pressure conditions, where a thermocouple is not applicable. The soot volume fraction could be also obtained using tow-color pyrometry with Abel inversion, which provides important information for understanding the soot formation/oxidation mechanism in diffusion flames.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.91-99
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• 1994

Tunable KrF Excimer Laser is used here for measuring OH and $O_2$ density distribustion in an open $H_2$/air premixed flame and in a combustion bomb. Laser Rayleigh Scattering(LRS) and Planar Laser Induced Predissociative Fluorescence(PLIPF) methods are used to obtain two-dimensional images of total and specific densities. Laser Excitation wavelengths are calibrated via flame images and combustion bomb images show good qualitative a greement with theoretical calculation. Furthermore images in a combustion bomb can be developed to study real Spark-Ignition engine combustions. Our experimental images show that there are no more collisional quenching problem at high pressure environment(including atmospheric pressure) using predissociative fluorescence technique. Further development to obtain two-dimensional temperature dustribution is ready to use eventhough it is not reported in this paper.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.80-89
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• 1998

The residual gas in an spark-ignition engine is one of important factors on emissions and performance such as combustion stability. With high residual gas fractions, flame speed and maximum combustion temperature are decreased and these are deeply related with combustion stability especially at idle and NOx emission at relatively high engine load. Therefore, there is a need to characterize the residual gas fraction as a function of the engine operating load. Therefore, there is a need to characterize the residual gas fraction as a function of the engine operating parameters. In the present study, the quantitative measurement technique of residual gas fraction was studied by using Fast Response Flame Ionization Detector(FRFID). The measuring technique and model for estimation of residual gas fraction were reported in this paper. By the assuming that the raw signal from FRFID saturates with the same slope for firing and misfiring cycle, in-cylinder hydrocarbon(HC) concentration can be estimated. Residual gas fraction can be obtained from the in-cylinder HC concentration measured at firing and motoring condition. The developed measurement and calibration procedure were applied to the limited engine operating and design condition such as intake manifold pressure and valve overlap. The results show relevant trends by comparing those from previous studies.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2006년도 제33회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.110-116
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• 2006

A new measurement technique based on a two-color pyrometry and modulated LII signals to measure local soot particle temperatures has been proposed and examined experimentally. The theoretical review suggests that modulated LII signals of soot particles is suitable for a two-color pyrometry as long as the temperature increase due to laser heating remains relatively small. The modulated LII signals from ethylene and propylene diffusion flames were simultaneously measured at 550 and 750 nm by a dual measurement system that consists of optical fibers, PMT and lock-in amps. The local soot particle temperatures of diffusion flames could be obtained using a two-color pyrometry and modulated LII signal based new technique.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2003

일반적으로 연소과정에서 발생한 고온고압의 연소가스로 인하여 액체추진기관의 연소실 및 노즐 벽면 그리고 추진기관 후방부위에 대류열전달과 복사열전달이 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 액체추진기관에서 발생하는 복사열전달 현상은 재생냉각장치의 열입력랑 예측 및 발사체의 추진기관 후방부위에 탑재되는 전자장비 및 구조물의 열적 환경을 분석하는데 매우 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 노즐 후방부위에서 발생하는 복사열전달량을 측정하고 연소압과 혼합비에 따른 영향을 파악하였다. 동알한 형상의 소형 액체추진기관에서 연소압(200, 300, 400 psi)과 혼합비(1.5, 2.0, 2.5)에 따른 복사열전달의 특성을 파악하기 위하여 각각 3가지 조건에 대하여 연소시험을 수행하여 복사열전달량을 측정하였다. 시험 결과로부터 연소가스에서 발생하는 복사열전달의 상대적인 크기 및 미치는 인자들을 파악할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 석영을 활용하여 복사하는 복사열전달의 크기 및 현상을 파악할 수 있었다. 또한, 연소실 및 노즐에서 발생하는 복사열전달 현상을 파악할 수 있었다

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2011

Thermal analyses are conducted to measure chemical kinetic parameters of an unknown liquid fuel with various components. Thermal Analyses are divided into two different methods such as TGA(Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis) and DSC(Differential Scanning Calorimety). Non-isothermal experimental results are analyzed by adopting TGA and they are filtered by Freeman-Carroll method. As a results of the analysis, chemical parameters of the activation temperature and the reaction order are measured to be 6128.2 K and 1.4, respectively. Furthermore, the chemical kinetic parameters are obtained by a variety of mathematical processing methods. It has been found that they show a little difference depending on the processing method.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1039-1046
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• 2002

Co-flow axisymmetric laminar premixed flame of methane was used to study the influence of air temperature and $N_2$ addition on the flame structure, temperature field and emission characteristics. OH 2-D images and temperatures along the centerline were measured experimentally by PLIF and CARS techniques respectively to observe the influences of dilution and thermal effects of $N_2$ in the gas mixture. Also, the concentration of NOx was measured at each condition by gas analyser to see the suppression effect of N2 addition on NOx emissions. It was found that OH concentrations distribute widely as air temperature goes higher, while the effect of $N_2$ addition is not significant. But $N_2$ addition highly contributes to the flame front and NOx emissions which was argued to be due to the reduction of flame temperature. In accordance with experimental study, numerical simulation using CHEMKlN code was carried out to compare the temperature results with those acquired by CARS measurement, and we could find that there is good agreement between those results.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2006

액체 로켓 엔진용 가스발생기 개발을 위해서는 추진제 O/F ratio에 따른 연소 가스의 열역학적 물성치 예측이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 액체산소/Jet A-1 조합의 연료 과농 가스발생기의 실 추진제 연소 시험을 통해 O/F ratio 변화에 따른 연소 생성 가스의 온도를 계측하였다. 또한 연소실 내 동압 섭동 측정 및 정압 측정 결과를 이용하여 비열비, 가스 상수, 정압 비열과 같은 연소 가스의 열역학적 물성치를 간접적으로 산출해내었다. 본 실험값은 화학평형코드 결과를 통해 구한 보간 계수를 이용한 예측 결과와 비교해보았을 때 동일한 경향 및 유사한 값을 가지는 것으로 밝혀졌으며 이는 보간 계수 예측 방법이 설계 도구로 충분히 적용 가능하다는 결과를 확인하였다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.157-159
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• 2014

This article describes an investigation of basic combustion characteristics of radiant burner with various firing rate and equivalence ratios in porous metal. As a main experimental condition, firing rates and equivalence ratios each were adjusted from 204 to $408kW/m^2$ and 0.6 to 1.3. The purpose of this study is to investigate radiation efficiency using two experiment methods. The first way is to calculate the radiation efficiency by measuring the temperature of the burner surface, and the second is to compute the radiation efficiency by measuring the radiation intensity of the burner surface with a radio meter. The value of the radiation efficiency did not exactly match in the two cases. But we figured out that in accordance with increasing heat power, radiation efficiency was decreased. And additional complementary experiment on the relationship between these values is needed.