• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.66-72
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• 2016

For the safe handling of Propionic Anhydride being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature(AIT) of Propionic Anhydride was experimented. And, the lower explosion limit of propionic anhydride was calculated by using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of propionic anhydride by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $60^{\circ}C$ and $61^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of propionic anhydride by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $67^{\circ}C$ and $73^{\circ}C$. The AIT of propionic anhydride by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $280^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point $60^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 1.37 Vol.%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.21-25
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• 2015

The usage of the correct combustion characteristics of the treated substance for the safety of the process is critical. For the safe handling of bromobenzene being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature (AIT) of bromobenzene was experimented. And, the lower explosion limit of bromobenzene was calculated by using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of bromobenzene by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $44^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of bromobenzene by using the Tag and Cleveland automatic open cup testers are measured $56^{\circ}C$ and $64^{\circ}C$. The AIT of bromobenzene by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $573^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point $44^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 1.63 Vol%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.581-588
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• 2010

Recently the requirements of the buildings built with structural steel were increased in terms of structural stabilities and fire resistance at severe fire conditions. To meet the building regulations of fire resistance, a fire design is needed. This is of a prescriptive method and a performance engineering based method. Recently a simple calculation method as one of performance based engineering method is very popular because of its ease for an application in building built with structural steel. But, in Korea the performance based engineering method is not allowed yet. Thus it is needed to make a guideline for the performance based engineering method. The purpose of this study is to establish the limit temperature derived from structural beams made with both a H-section and a H-section filled with concrete at the web and derived the limit temperatures from beams made with H-sections and found out that the limit temperatures from two kinds of specimens depended on the applied loads and the specimens filled with the concrete represented 3 hour fire resistance in the range of 80%, 60%, and 50% of the maximum load.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.465-469
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• 2016

The usage of the correct combustion characteristic of the treated substance for the safety of the process is critical. For the safe handling of cumene being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature (AIT) of cumene was experimented. And, the lower explosion limit of cumene was calculated by using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of cumene by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $31^{\circ}C$ and $33^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of cumene by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $43^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$. The AIT of cumene by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $419^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point $31^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 0.87 vol%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.34-40
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• 2016

For the safe handling of isoamyl alcohol being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature(AIT) of isoamyl alcohol was experimented. And, the lower explosion limit of isoamyl alcohol was calculated by using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of isoamyl alcohol by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $31^{\circ}C$ and $33^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of isoamyl alcohol by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $43^{\circ}C$and $45^{\circ}C$. The AIT of isoamyl alcohol by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $419^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point $31^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 0.87 vol%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.8-14
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• 2015

For the safe handling of 2-methyl-1-butanol being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature(AIT) of 2-methyl-1-butanol was experimented. And, the lower explosion limit of 2-methyl-1-butanol was calculated by using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of 2-methyl-1-butanol by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $40^{\circ}C$ and $44^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of 2-methyl-1-butanol by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $49^{\circ}C$ and $47^{\circ}C$. The AIT of 2-methyl-1-butanol by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $335^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point $40^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 1.30 Vol.%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.857-864
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• 2012

A linear stability analysis of a diffusion flame with radiation heat loss is performed to identify linearly unstable conditions for the Damk$\ddot{o}$hler number and radiation intensity. We adopt a counterflow diffusion flame with unity Lewis number as a model. Near the kinetic limit extinction regime, the growth rates of disturbances always have real eigenvalues, and a neutral stability condition perfectly falls into the quasi-steady extinction. However, near the radiative limit extinction regime, the eigenvalues are complex, which implies pulsating instability. A stable limit cycle occurs when the temperatures of the pulsating flame exceed the maximum temperature of the steady-state flame with real positive eigenvalues. If the instantaneous temperature of the pulsating flame is below the maximum temperature, the flame cannot recover and goes to extinction. The neutral stability curve of the radiation-induced instability is plotted over a broad range of radiation intensities.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.380-385
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• 2017

Maritime accidents caused by a ship include collisions, sinking, stranding and fire etc. This study is intending to consider fire accidents among such diverse marine accidents. It is much likely that various sorts of fires break out because crews are living in a narrow space for long periods of time consequent on the ship's characteristic of sailing on the sea. This study carried out a simulation through the special program for fire analysis - FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) in order to find the effective evacuation time, i.e. life survival time. Particularly, this study did comparative analysis of the influence on the survival of cadets based on the collected simulation data by fire size and sort. As a result of the analysis, It was analyzed the Evacuation Allowable Limit Temperature $60^{\circ}C$ and resulted that there is no influence in evacuation by temperature. In case of visibility analysis, it reached to 5m which is the Evacuation Allowable Limit at 117 seconds under the condition of wood fire in 1MW. When there is Kerosene in 1MW, it took 92.4 seconds to reach by 5m which is the Evacuation Allowable Limit. Theoretical evacuation time for the non-tilted ship was 118.8 seconds in 1MW sized fire so it is shown that the most passengers are met the evacuation safety in case of wood fire. However, the majority of passengers could not be ensured the evacuation safety in Kerosene case.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.72 no.2
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• pp.245-256
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• 2019

The experimentally determined mechanical behavior of the material under the prescribed service conditions is the basis of advanced engineering optimum design. To allow experimental data on the behavior of the material considered, uniaxial stress tests were made. The aforementioned tests have enabled the determination of mechanical properties of material at different temperatures, then, the material's resistance to creep at various temperatures and stress levels, and finally, insight into the uniaxial high cyclic fatigue of the material under different applied stresses for prescribed stress ratio. Based on fatigue tests, using modified staircase method, fatigue limit was determined. All these data contributes the reliability of the use of material in mechanical structures. Data representing mechanical properties are shown in the form of engineering stress-strain diagrams; creep behavior is displayed in the form of creep curves while fatigue of the material is presented in the form of S-N (maximum applied stress versus number of the cycles to failure) curve. Material under consideration was 18CrNi8 (1.5920) steel. Ultimate tensile strength and yield strength at room temperature and at temperature of $600^{\circ}C$: [${\sigma}_{m,20/600}=(613/156)MPa$; ${\sigma}_{0.2,20/600}=(458/141)MPa$], as well as endurance (fatigue) limit at room temperature and stress ratio of R = -1 : (${\sigma}_{f,20,R=-1}=285.1MPa$).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.50-55
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• 2023

Lithium-ion secondary batteries are currently in high demand and supply. The purpose of this study is to secure the safety of the process by studying the combustion characteristics of EC(Ethylene Carbonate), Which is mainly used as an electrolyte organic solvent for lithium ion batteries. The flash points of the EC by using Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers were experimented at 141 ℃ and 143 ℃, respectively. The flash points of the EC by Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were experimented at 152 ℃ and 156 ℃, respectively. The AIT(Auto Ignition Temperature) of the EC was experimented at 420 ℃. The LEL(Lower Explosive Limit) calculated by using lower flash point of Setaflash was calculated at 3.6 Vol.%.