• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1124-1132
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• 2004

The inverse problem of determining unknown inlet temperature in thermally developing, hydrodynamically developed two phase laminar flow in a parallel plate duct is considered. The inlet temperature profile is determined by measuring temperature in the flow field. No prior information is needed for the functional form of the inlet temperature profile. The inverse convection problem is solved by minimizing the objective function with regularization method. The conjugate gradient method as iterative method and the Tikhonov regularization method are employed. The effects of the functional form of inlet temperature, the number of measurement points and the measurement errors are investigated. The accuracy and efficiency of these two methods are compared and discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.115-121
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• 2008

The present study performed low-pressure steam curing with mortar specimens in order to examine the temperature profile and strength development of steam curing in high-strength specimens of 100MPa. In addition, as a basic research to utilize PC products, we examined the effects of curing temperature and time in steam curing cycle on strength development resulting from the hydration of cement within the range of high strength by changing four factors affecting the quality of PC displacement time, peak curing temperature, peak temperature duration, and ascending and descending gradient of temperature - in various patterns, and analyzed the optimal strength development characteristic based on the relation between temperature profile and strength development. With regard to the high-temperature curing characteristic of PC, we performed an experiment on the strength characteristic according to the temperature profile of high-strength mortar, and from the results of the experiment according to curing characteristic, displacement time, peak curing temperature, peak temperature duration, and ascending and descending gradient of temperature, we drew conclusions as follows.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.83 no.5
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• pp.645-654
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• 2022

Environmental thermal loads such as vertical and lateral temperature gradients are significant factors that must be taken into account when designing the bridge. Different models have been developed and used by countries for simulating thermal gradients in bridge codes. In most of the codes only vertical temperature gradients are considered, such as Iranian Standard Loads for Bridge code (ISLB), which only considers the vertical gradient for bridge design proposes. On the other hand, the vertical gradient profile specified in ISLB, has many lacks due to the diversity of climate in Iran, and only one vertical gradient profile is defined for whole Iran. This paper aims to get the both vertical and lateral gradient loads for the concrete box girder using experimental analysis in the capital of Iran, Tehran. To fulfill this aim, thermocouples are installed in experimental concrete segment and temperatures in different location of the segment are recorded. A three dimensional finite element model of concrete box-girder bridge is constructed to study the effects of thermal loads. Results of investigation proved that the effects of thermal loads are not negligible, and must be considered in design processes. Moreover, a solution for reducing the negative effects of thermal gradients in bridges is proposed. Results of the simulation show that using one layer polyurethane insulation can significantly reduce the thermal gradients and thermal stresses.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1027-1035
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• 2005

Thermophoresis in dense gases is studied by using a multi-scale approach and Born- Yvon­Green (BYG) equation. The problem of a particle movement in an ambient dense gas under temperature gradient is divided into inter and outer ones. The pressure gradient in the inner region is obtained from the solutions of BYG equation. The velocity profile is derived from the conservation equations and calculated using the pressure gradient, which provides the particle velocity in the outer problem. It is shown that the temperature gradient applied to the quiescent ambient gas induces some pressure gradient and thus flow tangential to the particle surface in the interfacial region. The mechanism that induces the flow may be the dominant source of the thermophretic particle movement in dense gases. It is also shown that the particle velocity has a nonlinear relationship with the applied temperature gradient and decreases with increasing temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.158-167
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• 1999

Heat and moisture transfer associated with porous materials are investigated. The heat and moisture transfer in porous materials caused by the interaction of moisture gradient, temperature gradient, conduction, and evaporation are considered. The variations of temperature and moisture not only change the volume but also induce the hygro-thermal stress. The finite element formulation for solving the temperature and moisture transfer as well as the associated hygro-thermal stresses is developed. In order to verify the finite element formulation, the heat and moisture moving boundary problem in a half space and the hygro-thermo-mechanical problem in an infinite plate with a circular hole are analyzed. Temperature profile, moisture profile, and hygro-thermal stresses are compared with those of analytic solution and other investigator. Good agreements are examined

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07g
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• pp.2533-2535
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• 1998

In this paper, an effect of drive-in process temperature on the residual stress profile of the p+ silicon film has been investigated. The residual stress profile has been calculated as the fourth-order polynomials. All coefficients of the polynomials have been determined from the measurement of the vertical deflections of the p+ silicon cantilevers with various thickness and the tip displacement of the p+ silicon rotating beam. From the determination results of the residual stress profile, the average stress of the film thermally oxidized at 1000 $^{\circ}C$ is 15 MPa and that of the film oxidized at 1100 $^{\circ}C$ is 25 MPa. The profile of the residual stress through the high temperature drive-in process has a steeper gradient than the other case.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.341-348
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• 1995

An analysis of the use of temperature profiles in the determination of the kinetic parameters of combustion synthesis of Ti5Si3 were investigated. From profile analysis, an apparent activation energy of 12KJ/mol was calculated. The Maximum heating rate achieved during 10wt% Ti5Si3 reaction by the product dilution method was approximately $1.5\times$104 K/s. Coupling this value with the measured wave velocity of 7.02 cm/s yields a maximum thermal gradient of 2.14$\times$103 K/cm. The value of tr (=t*) was calculated to be 1.2$\times$10-1 s and the value of td (=tx) was calculated to be 32.89 s. Using the definition of t* and the measured wave velocity, the effective thermal diffusivity, $\alpha$, was calculated to be 0.59$\times$10 $\textrm{cm}^2$/s. From these analysis, the power function, G, was also calculated.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.244-249
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• 2000

Thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration (TG-CVI) process, which is one of the CVI techniques to densify a porous fiber preform, requires for a heater to have uniform surface temperature distribution. Thus, it is essential to design the shape of the heater and to predict the temperature distribution when the heater has a profile which is not a simple cylinder. In this study, an analytical method has been used to design the inner profile of a conical heater showing uniform temperature distribution, if its outer shape is specified. Temperature distribution on the heater surface has been calculated with the finite difference method and compared with the experimental results. When a heater had a combined profile with a large cone and a small cylinder, temperature was higher in the cylindrical part. To reduce the temperature difference between these areas, a hole-machining method has been proposed including other possible ones. A shape design and optimization program has been made to improve the temperature uniformity of the TG-CVI heater better than that designed with the analytical method.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.659-668
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• 1995

Zirconium carbide was prepared from the mixture of metal zirconium and carbon powders in argon atmosphere by Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) in order to obtain the best carbon source and dilution contents. The most exellent result was obtained in the case that active carbon was added as a starting material, 20~30 wt% dilution content. From thermal profile analysis an apparent activation energy of 118 KJ/mol was calculated. The maximum heating rate achieved during 15 wt% ZrC reaction by product dilution method was approximately 1.54$\times$105 K/s. Coupling this value with the measured wave velocity of 1.026cm/s yielded a maximum thermal gradient fo $1.5\times$105 K/cm. Using the definition of t* and the measured wave velocity, the effective thermal diffusivity, $\alpha$, was calculated to be 0.62$\times$102 $\textrm{cm}^2$/s.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.1138-1149
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• 1988

Experiments have been conducted to investigate mean thermal structure in unstable turbulent thermal convection between two horizontal flat plates. The upper plate was kept at a constant cold temperature and the bottom plate at a constant hot temperature. Both air and water were used as its working fluids. Chamber aspect ratios were 3.80 and 6.17, the mean temperature differences between two plates were 2.6-9.3.deg. C, whose Rayleigh numbers in a range 6.13*10$^{5}$ -1, 07*10$^{8}$ . The heat transfer correlations obtained through the experiments are Nu=0.139R $a^{0.285}$ for air and Nu=0.087 R $a^{0.319}$ for water. Profiles of the mean temperature gradient clearly show the -2 and 1 4/3 power law regions.