• Information Systems Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.43-62
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• 2017

This study investigates the effect of bonding and bridging social capital on the technological innovation performance in the Pangyo Techno Valley. In particular, we consider the information technology (IT) usage in industrial cluster as an antecedent of social capital. IT instigates the intra and extra communication and information sharing between employees, thereby promoting the formation of a network of various members. Results show that the IT usage factor positively affects both bridging and bonding social capital, but an evident difference exists among the effects of social capital on the technological innovation performance. In case of Pangyo industrial cluster, bridging social capital exerts significant effect on the technological innovation performance, whereas bonding social capital shows insignificance. Bridging social capital is composed of the interactions of various networks. Bonding social capital is based on the strong tie from trust and internal cooperation. Results are related with the characteristics of Pangyo Techno Valley, where various IT ventures need active communication and information sharing with other organizations for technological innovation performance.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.90-100
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• 2020

Our overall society circulates in line with the economical situations characterized by production and consumption and companies play the role of providing products and services, thus taking very significant responsibilities for the socioeconomical and cultural aspects in society. Therefore, when designers attempt to think of a way to enable companies and society to share their values and propose specific concepts and visualize outcomes, it is very critical to be able to understand economical philosophy and management strategies that interconnect companies with society and seek out proper design approaches. Recently, the world's enterprise and management culture tend to connect products and services provided by companies through chains of social values. Based on the abovementioned shift in the management paradigm, the researcher investigates and analyzes actual cases of attempts by Samsung Electronics to achieve its social impacts and studies actual roles and approaches of in-house designers with creativity and insights of humanity with regard to these attempts. Each case is selected from various fields such as the company's products and service development, business systems, culture, and external strategies and the ultimate goal is to learn about actual insights and approaches of designers to make contributions to the company's management with social impacts. Especially, humanity and creative thinking of many designers working in the manufacturing industry can have significant contributions to achieving its management with social impacts and effects of sustainable management.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this research is to extract factors affecting office lighting and their relations, and then develop a framework that helps designers research and design smart lighting systems. Background: Due to the highly specialized usages of offices, the lighting system within offices also varies according to space, work, user, etc. A framework which considers these various factors and their relations is necessary for understanding and developing smart lighting systems. Method: First we extract factors affecting office lighting conditions, and select factors that can be controlled. We then analyze and develop a structure which reflects the relations among these factors from procedural perspective. Results: We divide factors affecting office lighting into physical and social factors, and then conceptualize their relations using a circular model. We then develop our framework from procedural perspective by dividing these factors into three levels, namely Subject, Action and Object. Conclusion: The developed framework organizes various factors affecting office lighting and their relations, and helps understand the procedural and structural aspects of lighting system. Application: Our framework helps designing and refining smart lighting system for complicated office spaces by helping people understanding the overall structure of office lighting.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.147-165
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• 2009

This study proposes a certain measure or investment strategy for decision making associated with seismic retrofitting. This strategy reduces the risk of a large-scale malfunction such as water supply loss under seismic risks. The authors developed a stochastic value index that will be used in the overall evaluation of social benefit, income gain, life cycle costs and failure compensation associated with existing lifeline systems damaged by an earthquake during the remaining service period. Optimal seismic disaster prevention investment of deteriorated lifeline systems is discussed. Finally, the present study provides a performance-based design method for seismic retrofitting strategies of existing lifelines which are carried out using the target probabilities of value loss and structural failure.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 2020

In developing countries especially in African continent, rapid population growth in cities is a major concern. Majority of governments in Africa have made more effort to develop urban areas as compared to the rural ones. Social and economic activities are more concentrated in urban areas. This is a pushing factor for the rapid population growth in cities as many people, especially young generation, tend to migrate from rural to urban. This growth leads to excessive exploitation of natural resources, environmental degradation and increased pressure on social services. Rapid increased population acts as an encouragement to construct smart cities for achieving needs for present and future generations. Tanzania as one of the developing countries in Africa has taken initiatives in establishing smart cities. The aim of this study therefore, is to examine opportunities and challenges in the development of Smart cities in Tanzania with a case study of Mbeya city. In addition, conceptualization about development of smart cities is proposed to prioritize the planning of smart grid among other smart city infrastructure systems. Conclusively, Mbeya city has a full potential of many strengths and opportunities for successful development as a smart city.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.105-109
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• 2020

The authors address the problem of ameliorating or updating existing educational buildings. This building typology is quite sensitive to social and media pressure, mainly when accidents have occurred nearby. When a building is classified as unsatisfactory, the current code requirements oblige one to re-design the building with significant penalty factors in the resistance values. Often the only solution is to destroy the existing facility and to build a new one. When attempting to preserve the existing building, higher levels of safety are demanded by the society and this can only be achieved by innovative system architectures. The authors propose and discuss a prototype that can be easily adopted to retrofit small educational buildings as the ones common in small municipalities. The higher performance is pursued by a special design of the control scheme, with new control devices and special control laws.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-33
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• 2019

This study aimed to observe trends in the literature on research, development, and innovation management in the energy sector, using performance assessment systems. The paper presented a bibliometric analysis of 40 studies on the subject. These materials come from ScienceDirect, Scopus and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) databases from 2006 to 2016. The results showed an increasing trend in the number of publications on the theme, showing the scientific community's interest in the subject. In addition, it was verified that the predominant language used to write the publications was English, the country that most published articles in the area was Brazil and most of the articles were produced through collaboration between researchers. It was found that the journal with the greatest number of publications on the subject was the Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, while the Expert Systems with Applications journal presented the article with the greatest number of citations. This analysis allowed us to identify important points of the research and its future directions, in addition to enabling a better understanding of the world trend of the subject approached.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.455-464
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• 2023

Seismologists now suggest that the earth has entered an active seismic period; many earthquake-related events are occurring globally. Consequently, numerous casualties, as well as economic losses due to earthquakes, have been reported in recent years. Primarily, significant and colossal damage occurs in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with masonry infill wall systems, and the construction of these types of structures have increased worldwide. According to a report from the Ministry of Education in the Republic of Korea, many buildings were built with RC frames with masonry infill walls in the Republic of Korea during the 1980s. For years, most structures of this type have been school buildings, and since the Pohang earthquake in 2017, the government of the Republic of Korea has paid close attention to this social event and focused on damage from earthquakes. From a long-term research perspective, damage from structural collapse due to the short column effect has been a major concern, specifically because the RC frame with a masonry infill wall system is the typical form of structure for school buildings. Therefore, the short column effect has recently been a major topic for research. This study compares one RC frame with four different types of RC frames with masonry infill wall systems. Structural damage due to the short column effect is clearly analyzed, as the result of this research is giving in a higher infill wall system produces a greater shear force on the connecting point between the infill wall system and the column. The study is expected to be a useful reference for research on the short column effect in RC frames with masonry infill wall systems.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.369-391
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• 2016

Electricity is transmitted by transmission lines from the source of production to the distribution system and then to the end users. Failure of a transmission line can lead to devastating economic losses and to negative social consequences resulting from the interruption of electricity. A comprehensive in-house numerical model that combines the data of computational fluid dynamic simulations of tornado wind fields with three dimensional nonlinear structural analysis modelling of the transmission lines (conductors and ground-wire) is used in the current study. Many codes of practice recommend neglecting the tornado forces acting on the conductors and ground-wires because of the complexity in predicting the conductors' response to such loads. As such, real transmission line systems are numerically simulated and then analyzed with and without the inclusion of the lines to assess the effect of tornado loads acting on conductors on the overall response of transmission towers. In addition, the behaviour of the conductors under the most critical tornado configuration is described. The sensitivity of the lines' behaviour to the magnitude of tornado loading, the level of initial sag, the insulator's length, and lines self-weight is investigated. Based on the current study results, a recommendation is made to consider conductors and ground-wires in the analysis and design of transmission towers under the effect of tornado wind loads.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.733-745
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• 2022

This study proposed a robust artificial intelligence (AI) model based on the social behaviour of the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and artificial neural network (ANN) for modelling the deflection of reinforced concrete beams, abbreviated as ICA-ANN model. Accordingly, the ICA was used to adjust and optimize the parameters of an ANN model (i.e., weights and biases) aiming to improve the accuracy of the ANN model in modelling the deflection reinforced concrete beams. A total of 120 experimental datasets of reinforced concrete beams were employed for this aim. Therein, applied load, tensile reinforcement strength and the reinforcement percentage were used to simulate the deflection of reinforced concrete beams. Besides, five other AI models, such as ANN, SVM (support vector machine), GLMNET (lasso and elastic-net regularized generalized linear models), CART (classification and regression tree) and KNN (k-nearest neighbours), were also used for the comprehensive assessment of the proposed model (i.e., ICA-ANN). The comparison of the derived results with the experimental findings demonstrates that among the developed models the ICA-ANN model is that can approximate the reinforced concrete beams deflection in a more reliable and robust manner.