• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the user satisfaction between 4-bedrooms and 5/6-bedrooms in a single general hospital. Methodology: To measure and compare multiple-bed ward user satisfaction between 4-bedrooms and 5/6-bedrooms, questionnaires were collected from 916 inpatients and 129 nurses in a single general hospital. The patient satisfaction questionnaire categories included environmental conditions, protection of privacy, and medical services. The nurse satisfaction questionnaire categories included space, infection control, patient safety, work load and psychologic view point. Findings: Satisfaction of patient who admitted in 4-bedroom to the environmental conditions and protection of privacy was higher than that of 5/6-bedroom group (3.91 vs. 3.25, p<0.001). Satisfaction of nurse who worked in 4-bedroom was higher than that of 5/6-bedroom (3.05 vs. 1.92, p<0.001). By the multiple linear regression analysis, patient satisfaction to the environmental conditions and protection of privacy was related with multi-bedroom type and location of beds; 4-bedrooms were higher than 5/6-bedrooms(p<0.001), window side bed were higher than hallway side bed(p=0.001). There was no satisfaction difference in comparing medical services between the two groups. By the multiple linear mixed regression analysis, nurse satisfaction who were assigned for 4-bedrooms were higher than that of 5/6-bedrooms in all categories(p<0.001). Practical Implications: Even though no difference has shown in medical services satisfaction between the two patient groups, multi-bedroom type may affect patient satisfaction in environmental condition, protection of privacy and may also affect overall nurse satisfaction. This result suggests that to improve multi-bedroom user satisfaction, 4-bedroom is recommended over 5/6-bedroom.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7667-7671
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• 2015

Recently, Zinc coating is often used with environment friendly features and high performance. Generally The coating temperature is one of main factors for determining coating thickness and coating ability, so the optimal coating temperature is strongly required. In this paper, the thermo-flow simulation considering the air flow inside the coating rooms for analyzing the temperature distributions of Zinc spray coating room was performed. Two spray coating rooms, preheating room and drying room were all modeled by SolidWorks program and the temperature distributions were analyzed by Flow simulation program. The analysis results were verified with the measured data by thermal image camera. The characteristics of temperature distributions of the first spray room and the second spray room were understood and the results showed that the temperatures of two spray coating room were low compared with the target temperature $25^{\circ}C$. To the exclusion of heater addition, the simulation with all the same conditions exclusive the exhaust fan was performed, which showed that the temperatures of the first and the second spray rooms increased by $6.2^{\circ}C$ and $5.8^{\circ}C$. This analysis can be applicable for designing a new spray coating room for improving performance.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.83-94
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• 2002

Within physical therapy education, there has been increased attention to curricula and course that emphasize problem solving, clinical reasoning, and synthesis of information across traditional discipline-specific boundaries. This article describes the development implementation, and outcomes of a problem-based learning course in Physical therapy. The course was designed to help students to integrate the various elements of a physical therapy curriculum and to enhance their abilities to respond to an ever-changing health care environment. An evaluation of the course by the first 50 students who completed it revealed both strengths and weaknesses. Students responded that the course enhanced their professional behavior, including interpersonal communication skills, team work, and follow-through with professional responsibilities. The learning package was developed by the authors and implemented to a college students during three weeks of the first semester of 2001. Most studies which conducted PBL module development were short period or temporary PBL package application and evaluation rather than a whole semester's. While, this study carried on partial integrated PBL curriculum development and application with recomposing content of the two subjects to one subject Physical therapy which includes four PBL packages. This package was developed from a simple concept to complex and partial integrated PBL curriculum application systematically variable learning methods such as discussion, practice, lecture, video. There are 2 classes, each class has 25 students, in the college. Each class has 5 small groups consisting 5 students. Two tutors proceeded discussion charging each class also, they used multiple methods and materials like tutorials, self-directed learning, lecture, and video. The package is 5 grades and 5 hours per week and the rate of discussion, lecture is 4, 1 respectively. One of the most change is the increase of interaction between students and tutors. Whenever students need information and suggestion, they can visit tutors who provide reading materials and guide for the direction of self learning. Therefore, this study describes the PBL package development process and application during one semester recomposing contents of two subjects to Physical therapy concepts. Besides, it will contribute to active application of existing each subject to tutors who intend to convert as PBL methods. The study has significant meaning to show potentiality of partially integrated PBL application, using systematic PBL package development from two subjects contents. However, when students' need of yearning is over the extent of Introduction of Physical therapy and Rehabilitation medicine, tutors should set learning extent. So, there is limitation to attain completely integrated PBL education within one subject, therefore, it is high lighted to proceed development of integrated curriculum to maximize learning effects of PBL. It is exected that partial integrated PBL package development and application will distribute to prosper excellent physiotherapist in practice.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.317-325
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• 2020

Using a structural model, this study aims to verify the association between job stress, burnout, and self-efficacy levels of health teachers responsible for school health. Structured questionnaires were administered to 814 health teachers, and validated through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study results show that job stress of the health teacher was 2.9±0.64 and burnout was 2.6±0.52, which was slightly lower than the median of the Likert 5-point scale, while self-efficacy was 4.1±0.51. Various sub-factors contributed to the scores: 'student and family' and 'peer teacher's perception' were high for job stress, while 'work in charge' was high for burnout. Job stress of health teachers resulted in increased burnout and decreased self-efficacy. Furthermore, increased burnout significantly decreased self-efficacy. Hence, job stress affected burnout, and burnout affected self-efficacy. Our data clearly demonstrates that job stress is very important to reduce burnout of health teachers and increase their self-efficacy. Therefore, various efforts are required to lower job stress. This study will help to establish new policies and practical improvement plans to reduce job stress and exhaustion of health teachers, and consequently increase their self-efficacy.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.425-438
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• 1999

In recent days network computing technologies have bee developed rapidly and the extended use of Internet applications for enterprises such as internet/extarnet in and between enterprises has been increased enormously. Therefore the business in the future will be executed by virtual enterprise. Virtual enterprises which is based on information sharing between enterprises are composed of work processes related to information exchange between virtual enterprises, the team members who are representatives of the organizations that are participated in the actual business of virtual enterprises, and members who are representatives of the organizations that are participated in the actual business of virtual enterprises, and environment that are provided by supporting CALS(continuous Acquisition and Life cycle Support or commerce At light Speed). Supporting system of IDE(Integrated Data Environment)for CALS implementation that is provided as an environment of virtual enterprises has to ensure the autonomies of local data and to provide the accessibility of heterogeneous database of enterprises on network transparently for giving user a single global view of data. This paper introduce the design and implementation of the database broker system that can be accessed data transparently by the suers of participated enterprises in the integrated data environment supporting virtual enterprises. The system uses java/CORBA technology in Web environment and Object Query language (OQL) to process the queries of relational database system, object-oriented database system, and file information.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.231-245
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• 2007

The forged iron axe of the middle 3rd Century found in the No. 2 wood-framed tomb from the Hwangseongdong site, Gyeongju is rectangular on the plane level. The iron axe shines in met-allic luster, which is light grey with pale creamy tint. The result of X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the axe consists of magnetite and geothite, which can explain why the composition and texture of the original ore has been kept intact. There are fine-grained quartz, calcite, mica, magnetite, amphibole, unknown tungsten minerals, pyroxene and olivine inside the axe. Those must be the impurities that they failed to remove in the thermal treatment process. Generally, the iron axe consists mainly of pearlite texture coexisting ferrite and cementite, and show high carbon contents with homogeneous distribution. It can be interpreted the axe was carburized after the material was made to resemble pure iron. The decarbonization work didn't go well along the process marks. Crude ores of the iron axe are possible utilized by magnetite from the Ulsan mine on the basis of the occurrences and inclusions. It's estimated that the original ore was bloom produced in low-temperature reduction and formed around in $727^{\circ}C$, which is eutetic temperature.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.95-111
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• 2021

To achieve a data-driven policy decision-making system, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance has formed a marketing team and is actively building upon it. This system, currently under construction, will enable data-driven financial tasks beyond simple financial administration. The U.S. has already enacted The Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act in the process of similar pursuits. Since last year, the data-driven system administrative law has been enacted in Korea, and a legal framework has been established for data-driven administrative work. The next-generation budget accounting system to fulfill its role as a data-driven system needs public policy support to operate. Innovation and transformation are needed in various areas such as data management, legal system, and installation of related systems. Accordingly, it is very timely to analyze the financial systems and policies of advanced countries such as the U.S. and U.K., which already have established and operates such a financial system. By benchmarking and applying existing financial information systems to the next-generation budget accounting system, a better system will result. In this study, major developed countries, including the U.S., U.K., France, and Canada were benchmarked and analyzed in terms of the main elements of data governance: public policy, systems, legal framework, promotion system, and service level. It was discovered that the role and direction of the national fiscal policy system that the people favor should be able to respond quickly to the recent difficult economic crisis environment such as the digital transformation trend and COVID-19.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.373-383
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• 2021

Our society is aging rapidly. In this super-aged society, the increase in healthcare costs are considered a national problem that undermines the sustainability of social security. Various services for healthcare for the elderly have been promoted to address this. However, most of them have focused on healthcare after the outbreak of chronic diseases and lack preventive healthcare. Most of the preventive healthcare projects are only pilots. In this paper, the current status of health care services for senior citizens at home and abroad was analyzed and based on this, the limitations and improvements were analyzed to propose the establishment of IoT-based Total Silver Care Center. IoT-based Total Silver Care Center may be conveniently monitored the health status of the elderly through various sensors, medical devices, and smart bands. And based on this, it can improve the quality of nursing services through time-saving and work efficiency of nursing providers. In addition, health care interventions may be provided in a timely manner if there is a change in the health status of users. And real-time imaging systems can help overcome mental difficulties.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.138-147
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• 2021

The need for analysis of the operational efficiency and productivity of the Busan Port Container Terminal is increasing because of the Hanjin Shipping's bankruptcy and the re-establishment of the Maritime Alliance. This paper analyzes the efficiency and productivity of five Busan New Port Container Terminal companies by using the DEA analysis and Malmquist productivity index model based on the port construction disclosure data and the collected terminal internal data. According to the analysis, the average efficiency of the five container terminals increased in 2018 but declined slightly in 2019, and the Malmquist index showed that all terminals except A have advanced productivity. Additionally, relative to facility productivity, operators at the North Container Terminal had higher facility productivity than operators at the Busan New Port Nam Container Terminal, and regarding capital productivity, the D terminal ported by HMM, a national shipping company, was the highest in facility productivity. Regarding labor productivity, the C terminal showed the highest productivity, and regarding ship work productivity, the A terminal showed the highest productivity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.319-325
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• 2018

The use of 3D printing (Additive Manufacturing) technology has expanded from initial model production to the mass production of parts in the industrial field based on the continuous research and development of materials and process technology. As a representative polymer material for 3D printing, the polyamide-based material, which is one of the high-strength engineering plastics, is used mainly for manufacturing parts for automobiles because of its light weight and durability. In this study, the specimens were fabricated using Selective Laser Sintering, which has excellent mechanical properties, and the flexural characteristics were analyzed according to the temperature of the two types of polyamide 12 and glass bead reinforced PA12 materials. The test specimens were prepared in the directions of $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$ based on the work platform, and then subjected to a flexural test in three test temperature environments of $-25^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, and $60^{\circ}C$. As a result, PA12 had the maximum flexural strength in the direction of $90^{\circ}$ at $-25^{\circ}C$ and $0^{\circ}$ at $25^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$. The glass bead-reinforced PA12 exhibited maximum flexural strength values at all test temperatures in the $0^{\circ}$ fabrication direction. The tendency of the flexural strength changes of the two materials was different due to the influence of the plane direction of the lamination layer depending on the type of stress generated in the bending test.