• Plant Resources
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-45
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• 2000

To date many kinds of compounds have been obtained from plants kingdom as antineoplastic and anti-cancerous agents. However, there is no special type of compounds for cancer therapy. Various types of substances are effective for various types of cancers and tumors: for instance, alkaloids. lignans, terpenes and steroids etc. Curcumol obtained from Curcuma aromatica was tested and noticed to be effective against cancer of the uterine cervix clinically. Oridonin isolated from Rabdosia ssp. is now investigate for clinical trials in China. Moreover camptothecine isolated from Camptotheca acuminata is also antineoplastic alkaloid, but is very toxic. Chemical modification has been tried to decrease its toxicity This compound is now using as clinical agent. Harringtonin was investigated as an anticancerous drug in China. Taxol, a compound with a taxane ring isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifotia. has been demonstrated to have substantial anticancer activity in patients with solid tumors refractory standard chemotherapy. Supply of this drug has severely limited full exploration of its antineoplastic potential Some efforts are continued in National Cancer Institute(NCI) Washington for surveying various Taxus species for optimal taxol content, improvement in semi-synthesis from baccatin 111, improvement in method of extraction, and development of alternative renewable resources. Further, there are many compounds which have been reported as antineoplastic agents. On the other hand, we have screened on higher plants collected In Japan, China, Korea. Southeast Asia and South America for antineoplastic activity, which has been done using Sarcoma 180 ascites in mice, P388 Iymphocytic leukemia In mice, Chinese hamster lung V-79 cells, P388 cells and nasopharynx carcinoma(KB) cells in our laboratory, as primary screening. In this meeting, 1 will present on antitumor and cytotoxic substances of the higher plants(Rubis cordifolia, Ailanthus vilmoriniana, Aster tataricus, Taxus cuspidata var. nana, Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. drupacea, etc.) selected from above screening tests.

• 생약학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.360-364
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• 1998

To develop new elicitors inducing the high productivity of taxane derivatives, plant growth inhibitors, namely, maleic acid hydrazide, N-phosphomethyl glycine and succinic acid 2.2-dimethyl hydrazide, coconut milk and yeast extract were administrated in the cell suspension culture system of Taxus cuspidata, and the production of baccatin III were analysed. The effects of amino acid related with the biosynthesis of baccatin III were also examined in these culture system. As the results, a remarkable enhancement of baccatin III production was observed in the cultivation with coconut water and with maleic acid hydrazide.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.450-456
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• 1994

Taxus cuspidata 현탁배양에서 세포생장과 항암제 taxal의 생산에 있어서 당의 영향을 살펴 보기 위하여 여러 농도에서 세포배양을 하였다. $40g/\ell$ 의 자 당이 첨가하였을 때 비생장속도는 $0.076 day^{-1}$로 최 대였으며, $60g/\ell$의 자당이 첨가되었을 때에는 25 일 배양 후 최고 세포 농도인 34 g $DCW/\ell$를 나타내었다. 이때 당 소모 대비 세포수율($Y_{x/s}$)은 0.55 g celljg sucrase였고, 배가시간($T_d$)은 9.12 day였다. Taxal의 생산은 $80g/\ell$ 이상의 높은 당농도 첨가시 와 당 및 asmaticum의 동시 처리사에 현저히 증대되었다. Taxal의 최대생산은 80 gj C 자당 첨가시로 $1.36 mg/\ell$였으며 이것을 단위 세포건조중량당으로 계산하면 0.01 %이었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.339-358
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• 1992

한국산 나자식물 6개과에서 대표적인 1종씩을 선정하여 수피의 특징을 형태 및 해부학적으로 조사하고 기재하였다. 수피를 인위적으로 조직단위로 간주할 경우 수피의 색, 두께, 내수피와 외수피의 두께, 확장조직의 유무 및 발달정도, 조피내 주피의 층우와 주피의 층수와 주피의 구성요소들의 두께, 2기 사부지역 각 구성요소들의 배열양상과 점유면적 비율 등은 종류에 따라 차이를 보였다. 또한 보강세포의 형태와 사세포의 사역 등도 앞으로 상세한 조사가 수행될 경우 비교형태학적 연구에 매우 가치있는 정보를 제공할 것으로 생각되었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.625-635
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• 2007

The enzyme squalene synthase (EC 2.5.1.21) catalyzes a reductive dimerization of two farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) molecules into squalene, a key precursor for the sterol and triterpene biosynthesis. A full-length cDNA encoding squalene synthase (designated as TcSqS) was isolated from Taxus cuspidata, a kind of important medicinal plants producing potent anti-cancer drug, taxol. The full-length cDNA of TcSqS was 1765 bp and contained a 1230 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 409 amino acids. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the deduced TcSqS protein had high similarity with other plant squalene synthases and a predicted crystal structure similar to other class I isoprenoid biosynthetic enzymes. Southern blot analysis revealed that there was one copy of TcSqS gene in the genome of T. cuspidata. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis and northern blotting analysis showed that TcSqS expressed constitutively in all tested tissues, with the highest expression in roots. The promoter region of TcSqS was also isolated by genomic walking and analysis showed that several cis-acting elements were present in the promoter region. The results of treatment experiments by different signaling components including methyl-jasmonate, salicylic acid and gibberellin revealed that the TcSqS expression level of treated cells had a prominent diversity to that of control, which was consistent with the prediction results of TcSqS promoter region in the PlantCARE database.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.438-443
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• 1998

Effects of various environmental factors on cell size index(FCW/DCW) in Thalictrum rugosum. Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Taxus cuspidata plant cell suspension cultures were investigated. Time course change of cell size index were also observed. In batch cultures, FCW/DCW increased according to the decrease of sugar concentration. For short-term experiment within 24 hr, FCW/DCW value could be reduced significantly by increasing sugar concentration. When an osmoticum such as mannitol was added, FCW/DCW converged to a low value. Therefore, it was confirmed that osmolality of the medium was important in determining cell size or water content of the cells. Inorganic salts or treatment with organic solvent also exhibited some effect on the cell size index. However, pH and centrifugal force did not show any influences. On the other hand, it was found that the addition of Pluronic F-68 reduced FCW/DCW. By combining these results effectively, it may be possible to increase the cell concentration in high density culture to a higher extent.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2005

제주에서 자생하는 식물들의 미백활성을 B16F10 세포에서의 멜라닌 생성 억제, mushroom tyrosinase 활성 억제 실험을 통하여 확인하였다. 본 실험에서 우리는 개민들레 줄기, 까마중, 미국미역취, 돌외, 주목의 메탄을 추출물에서 B16F10 세포에서의 멜라닌 생성 저해 효과를 확인하였다. 그러나 이들의 tyrosinase 활성은 없었다.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1995년도 식물학심포지움 식물로부터 유용 2차대사산물의 생산 PRODUCTION OF USEFUL SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM PLANTS
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• pp.40-56
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• 1995

During the past two decades, China has seen her great progress in plant biotechnology. Since the Chinese market of herb medicine is huge, while the plant resources are shrinking, particular emphasis has been placed in plant tissue and cell cultures of medicinal plants, this includes fast propagation, protoplast isolation and regeneration, cell suspension cultures and large scale fermentation. To optimize culture conditions for producing secondary compounds in vitro, various media, additives and elicitors have been tested. Successful examples of large scale culture for the secondary metabolite biosynthesis are quite limited : Lithospermum ery throrhizon and Arnebia euchroma for shikonin derivatives, Panax ginseng, P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolium for saponins, and a few other medicinal plants. Recent development of genetic transformation systems of plant cells offered a new approach to in vitro production of secondary compounds. Hairy root induction and cultures, by using Ri-plasmid, have been reported from a number of medicinal plant species, such as Artemisia annua that produces little artemisinin in normal cultured cells, and from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. In the coming five years, Chinese scientists will continue their work on large scale cell cultures of a few of selected plant species, including Taxus spp. and A. annua, for the production of secondary metabolites with medicinal interests, one or two groups of scientists will be engaged in molecular cloning of the key enzymes in plant secondary metabolism.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.299-305
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• 1994

15년생 주목의 부위별 단위 질량당 taxal 함량은 줄기수피, 뿌리수피, 잎 그리고 종자의 순으로 높았 고, 종자에서는 종피 (seed caa t), 배 (embrya) 그리 고 배유(endasperm)의 순으로 taxal 함량이 높게 측정되었다. 15년생 주목 1그루로부터 이론적으로 얻을 수 있는 taxal의 양은 1.68g이었는데 잎, 줄기 수피, 뿌리수피, 종자로부터 각각 48.0, 23.8, 27.9 빛 0.4%씩 얻을 수 있었다. 주목의 taxal 함량은 서식 고도에 따라 차이가 있었다. 해발 1000m 이상 의 높은 고도에서 서식하는 주목의 taxal 함량이 낮은 고도(600-800m)에서 서식하는 주목보다 높았다. 주목 세포배양 결과 callus 및 현탁배양 세포에 셔 taxal이 검출되었으며 함량은 서l포의 상태 및 주 목의 종류에 따라 서로 차이가 있었다. 이라한 결과로 주목 세포배양에 의한 taxal 생산의 가능성을 확 인할 수 있었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2001

Taxol, a natural product extracted from the Taxus brevifolia, is known to have significant anti-tumor activities against many common cancers, including ovarian and breast cancers. Despite the pronounced anti-tumor activity of this compound, its poor solubility in aqueous solutions hampers its clinical applications. We studied the anticancer mechanisms of the water-soluble taxol diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA) used for radiolabeling, and compared it to that of taxol. In vitro cytotoxicities of taxol and taxol-DTPA conjugate were tested in HT29 human colorectal cancer cells by the MTT method. As the result, the $IC_{50}$ value of the taxol-DTPA conjugate was about three fold higher than that of taxol. When analyzed by an agarose gel electrophoresis, the DNA ladders became evident after the incubation of cells with the taxol-DTPA conjugate for 24 h. We also found morphological changes of the cells undergoing apoptosis with electron microscopy Next, we examined the signal pathway of taxol-DTPA conjugate-induced apoptosis in HT29 cells. The activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) occurred at 10, 30, 60 and 120 min after 200 nM taxol-DTPA conjugate treatment. The pretreatment of the MEK inhibitor (PD98059) completely blocked the taxol-DTPA conjugate-induced ERK1/2 activation. The activated ERK1/2 translocated into the nucleus at the same time and phosphorylated its transcriptional factor, c-Jun. These results suggest that the taxol-DTPA conjugate has an apoptotic activity in HT29 cells, and that its proapoptic activity might be related with the signal transduction via ERK1/2 and c-Jun similar to that of taxol.