• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.277-299
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• 2011

The current study analyzed the tax structure in the welfare states. The appropriate tax structure of universal welfare state should be based on expanding all taxes, rather than choosing between direct and indirect, progressive and regressive, or mobile and immobile tax. The revenue for the universal welfare payment should be raised by levying tax on all people provided that the welfare payment is made available to all people. The analysis led to classification of tax structure into the high tax European model and the low tax English and East Asian model. The high tax European model was further classified into the balance tax model and the high social security model. The low tax English and East Asian model was classified into the low social security model and the high property tax model. Based on the results, the study maintained that the universal welfare states need not only to expand welfare resources but to develop tax system that corresponds to the universal welfare system.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.93-113
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• 2017

This study aimed to determine the changes in the local fiscal structure brought about by the change in the transaction tax, including the acquisition tax, by the central government. The review of the analysis results proved the following. First, the government's transaction tax exemption policy effectively influenced the expansion of the local fiscal budget. Transaction tax exemptions such as acquisition tax exemptions would not contribute to the expansion of the local fiscal budget in the short run, but may do so in the long run. Second, the review of the effect of the transaction tax exemption policy by the central government on the local fiscal structure confirmed that its impact on the local fiscal structure may vary depending on the timing of such tax exemption. Third, the overall local fiscal structure as a result of the transaction tax exemption by the central government was confirmed to have been influenced more by the fiscal capability of the local government than by the income level of the local residents. In conclusion, the stimulation of real estate transactions using tax tools may positively influence the overall fiscal structure of local governments, but it would also put pressure on the fiscal management of local governments because it is largely influenced by the fiscal capability of the local governments.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.368-376
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• 2011

This study has undertaken for the analysis of the level of recognition on the Transfer Income Tax. The statistical analysis through the questionnaire is made to find out the issues on the equitableness of Transfer Income Tax first with the level of equitableness of the Transfer Income Tax structure and appropriateness of the degree of different tax rate applied under the Transfer Income Tax, level of equitableness of the Transfer Income Tax structure and intent for avoidance of payment under the present tax policies, level of recognition for administrative disposition on those avoiding diligent payment of taxes, and it analyzed the relationship between the levels of understanding of the structure of the Transfer Income Tax and the level of complexity of the structure of the Transfer Income Tax in order to analyze if it has negative impact on the level of understanding for the structure of the Transfer Income Tax. On the basis of the above analysis result, as the improvement plan on the Transfer Income Tax system, following has been presented; enhancement of equitableness of tax rate structure under the Transfer Income Tax for improving the equitableness of tax burden, establishment of regulations to strengthen the appropriate tax investigation for prevention of diligent tax payment avoidance, relaxation of complication of the structure under the Transfer Income Tax.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.191-233
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• 2002

This paper is to examine some issues and policy direction of capital income taxation in Korea. Fundamental tax reform in US was reviewed to get some lessons for reforming the capital income taxation. One of main characteristics in Korea's capital income taxation is different treatment by corporation type, investment goods, and financial structures. Especially, the tax differential for debt and equity financing has been serious, as debt has been deducted as cost. We discuss that tax policy should try to satisfy the efficiency, equity, and simplicity under the structure of income based taxation for the time being. However, the changes of tax policies in advanced economies should be carefully examined, as Korea has the structure of small open economy. The current issue on the abolition of corporation income tax might be premature in logical structure and implementation. The US fundamental tax reform might be useful reference for determining the direction of capital income taxation in Korea, as it gives us some chances to discuss about tax base issue with income and consumption. Consumption based taxation is superior to income based taxation in the perspective of administrative and compliance costs. We should consider these tax costs for reforming capital income tax system in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.171-211
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• 1995

Relatively little is known about the relationship between taxes and asset prices. Differential tax treatment of assets in the same risk class implies differential pricing. Conversely, the ability of tax-exempt investors to engage in tax arbitrage should drive any pricing differences away. The differential tax treatment of classes of US Treasury securities provides a straightforward setting for the examination of possible tax-effects in asset prices. Using the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross Term Structure Model as our framework, we examine the pricing of US Treasury securities over two distinct tax regimes. Evidence that tax effects are not arbitraged away is presented.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-46
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• 2004

Tax exhaustion effect hypothesis says that firms with low expected marginal tax rates on their interest deductions employ less debt in their capital structure. We use logit analysis to study how financing decision is related to tax after controlling non tax effects. We treat non debt tax shields as proxy of marginal corporate tax rates which affect the probability of using the deductibility of debt tax shields and empirically test the tax effect on financing decision in Korea. In conclusion, we provide evidence that debt financing is positively related to tax in the former sub-period. This results partially support for tax exhaustion effect hypothesis and low tax rate firms have lower debt levels than high tax rate firms.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2004

This study examine the effects of changes in the dividend income tax rates, the corporate dividend policy, and the ownership structure on the stock valuation. The empirical findings indicate that : (1)firm's ownership structure is positively correlated with stock return ; (2) the interaction of firm's ownership structure and the dividend policy is positively correlated with stock return ; (3) the interaction of the changes in the dividend income tax rates and dividend policy is correlated with stock return ; (4) the interaction of the changes in the dividend income tax rates and firm's ownership structure is correlated with stock return ; (5) the interaction of the increases in the dividend income tax rates, firm's ownership structure, and the dividend policy is positively correlated with stock return. This suggests that non-taxing of capital gains provide tax shelters to individual investors and investors prefer non-taxing income to dividend income.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.701-725
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• 2000

Environmental taxes tend to compound the welfare cost of pre-existing tax distortions, the tax-interaction effect, however they also raise government revenues, tax revenue-recycling effect. By incorporating these two opposite tax effects, this paper examines a second- best environmental taxation for a polluting monopolist with distortionary taxes. The analysis suggests that the complications posed by pre-existing tax distortions as well as market structure can be key considerations in designing environmental taxes. In the tax setting game between regulator and regulated firm, we also derive the equilibrium tax rate and examine its relationship with distortionary taxes.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.22-29
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• 2013

Purpose: The present study combines both tax structures and pension funds as the factors of economic importance and explores the impact of both (pension funds and tax rates) on the economic growth in context of OECD nations. Research Design, Data and Methodology: Last forty years data on these variables is taken for study purpose. A Sample size of thirty four nations which form the part of OECD nations was taken for study purpose. Results: Regression analysis (linear) was used to find out relationship between tax structure, Pension funds and economic growth. Conclusion: The results are important for nations increasing their expenditure for social contribution.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.11
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• pp.91-109
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• 2002

This study provides evidence on the determinants of variability in corporate ETRs(effective x rates). Specially, this study examined the association between ETRs, firm size, and variables proxying for firms' capital structure and asset mixes, while controlling for firms' profitability. Overall, results suggest that ETRs are associated with many firm-specific characteristics such as size, capital structure, asset mix, and profitability, and that some of these associations continued after Corporate Tax Law changes. In addition, although the results indicate that the association between ETRs and firm-specific characteristics have undergone a shift since tax law change, these firm-specific characteristics have continued to be associated with ETRs.