• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1625-1628
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• 2006

The (-)-pimara-9 (11), 15-dien-19-oic acid, acanthoic acid was extracted from the roots of Acanthopanax koreanum using bioassay-guided isolation of a MeOH extract. Acanthoic acid was assayed against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus epidermidis causing dental caries and opportunistic pathogen. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of acanthoic acid against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus epidermidis was 2 and 4 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively, which was much lower than those of other natural antimicrobial agents such as 8 ${\mu}g/mL$ of tanshinone IIA. Acanthoic acid also significantly inhibited the growth of other cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus grodenii in the MIC range of 4${\sim}$32 ${\mu}g/mL$. Our findings suggest that acanthoic acid could be employed as a potential antibacterial agent for preventing dental caries and skin infections.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophic factor involved in neuronal differentiation, plasticity, survival and regeneration. BDNF draws massive attention mainly due to the potential as a therapeutic target in neurological diseases such as depression and Alzheimer's disease. In a primary screening for the natural compounds enhancing BDNF release from cultured rat primary cortical neuron, we found that compounds such as baicalein, tanshinone IIa, cinnamic acid, epiberberine, genistein and wogonin among many others increased BDNF release. All the compounds at $0.1{\mu}M$ of concentration barely showed stimulatory effect on BDNF induction, however, their combination (mixture 1; baicalein, tanshinone IIa and cinnamic acid, mixture 2; epiberberine, genistein and wogonin) showed synergistic increase in BDNF release as well as mRNA and protein expression. The level of BDNF expression was comparable to the maximum BDNF stimulation attainable by a positive control oroxylin A ($20{\mu}M$) without cell toxicity as determined by MTT analysis. Both mixtures synergistically increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) as well as cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), an immediate and essential regulator of BDNF expression. Similar to these results, mixture of these compounds synergistically inhibited the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by lipopolysaccharide treatments in rat primary astrocytes. These results suggest that the combinatorial treatment of natural compounds in lower concentration might be a useful strategy to obtain sufficient BDNF stimulation in neurological disease condition such as depression, while minimizing potential side effects and toxicity of higher concentration of a single compound.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.455-459
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• 2006

The inhibitors of prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$ production and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity have been considered as potential anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, we evaluated 9 compounds isolated from 5 Korean phytomedicinal plants (Spirea prunifolia, Paeonia suffruticosa, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Artemisia capillaris) for the inhibition of $PGE_2$production and COX-2 expession in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human macrophages U937 cells. As a result, several compound such as prunioside A, penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose, tanshinone IIA, baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, scopolatin, scoparone and decursinol showed potent inhibition of $PGE_2$production (50-70% inhibition at the test concentration of $10\;{\mu}M$). In addition, these compounds were also considered as potential inhibitors of COX-2 activity (45-73% inhibition at the test concentration of $10\;{\mu}M$). These active compound mediating COX-2 inhibitory activities are warranted for further elucidation of active principles for development of anti-inflammatory agents and these properties may contribute to the anti-atopic dermatitis activity.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2019

Objectives : This study aimed to be used as basic data for obtaining excellent quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) root. Methods : SM cultivated in Anhui Bozou, Henan, Shandong, Henan Wenxian, Zhejiang, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi Shangluo, Sichuan Zhongjiang, Sichuan Minyang and Jiangsu in China were gathered and its internal morphology and physicochemical patterns were analyzed. Results : Cross-section of sang plants according to cultivated regions in China showed that cork layers consisted of cells with four to six layers, cortex width was wide, and phloem was semilunar-shaped. Although there are forms layers, yet boundary was vague. It was observed that eight to ten vascular bundles were arranged in wooden parts in all directions and as a single line of vascular was distributed nearby form layers as it nears to the center. Tanshinon IIA identified a spot in the same location with standard product near by Rf 0.9 in the test identifying TLC of SM according to cultivated areas in China. The largest amount was 0.535% identified in Shandong and the lowest amount of 0.05% in Hebei. Salvianolic acid B identified a spot in the same location with standard product near by Rf 0.7 in the test identifying TLC of SM according to cultivated areas in China. The largest amount was 2.72% identified in Liaoning and the lowest amount of 0.825% in Jiangsu. Conclusions : The results are assumed to be used as basic data for obtaining excellent quality of SM oriental medical hers and distinguishing authentic or fake herbs.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2006

치면세균막내의 미생물 중 Streptococcus mutans $N_{AKAI}$는 치면세균막형성에 가장 중요한 역할을 하는 원인균으로 알려져 있으며, Streptococcus mutans $N_{AKAI}$는 치아우식을 일으키는 주요 원인균으로 주목을 받고 있다. Streptococcus mutans $N_{AKAI}$균에 항균효과를 나타내는 화합물 acanthoic acid (AA, $C_{20}H_{30}O_2$)을 Acanthopanax koreanum $N_{AKAI}$의 클로로포롬 추출물에서 각종 컬럼크로마토그래피법으로 추출분리하여 ms, 1H-NMR 그리고 13C-NMR 등을 이용하여 구조를 동정하였다. AA의 Streptococcus mutans $N_{AKAI}$에 대한 최소억제농도(MIC)와 최소살균농도(MBC)를 조사하였으며, 이 때 각각 2와 $4\:{\mu}g/mL$을 나타냈었다. 또한 다른 천연물에서 분리된 화합물인 tanshinone IIA는 8/16\;${\mu}g/mL$, 녹차의 추출물과 eucalyptoi은 $250/500\;{\mu}g/mL$이었다. 그리고 또 다른 치주질환의 원균인 Streptococcus sobrinus $N_{AKAI}$, Streptococcus sanguis $N_{AKAI}$ 및 Streptococcus gordonii $N_{AKAI}$의 최소억제 농도의 범위는 $4{\sim}32\;{\mu}g/mL$이었다. 우리의 연구결과에서 Acanthopanax koreanum $N_{AKAI}$에서 분리한 acanthoic acid 치주질환 원인균들을 억제하는 항균제로의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2019

닭의 clathrin-associated adaptor protein $3-{\delta}$ subunit 2(AP3S2)는 clathrin-coated vesicle를 가진 표적 세포막으로 암 배양 단백질 수송에 관여한다. AP3S2는 C형 간염 바이러스 감염으로 간 섬유화를 매개하고, 2형 당뇨병과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한, AP3S2는 clathrin-dependent endocytosis를 통해 숙주 세포로의 바이러스 유입에 관련된 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 기존 연구에서 닭 신장조직에서 차별 발현 유전자로 발굴된 닭 AP3S2 유전자의 분자유전학적 특성을 구명하고, 닭의 조직에서의 유전자 발현 양상을 조사하며, 톨-유사수용체 3 (Toll-like receptor 3; TLR3) 자극에 의한 전사 조절을 연구하였다. 닭 AP3S2 유전자가 코딩하는 단백질의 구조는 다른 종과 매우 보존적이고 진화적으로 제브라 피쉬와 가장 가깝고, 포유류와 가장 먼 것으로 추정되었다. 닭의 다양한 조직에서 닭 AP3S2 유전자의 전사 수준을 조사한 결과, 폐에서 가장 높게 발현되었으며, 그 다음은 비장 순이었다. 닭의 배아 섬유아세포 주인 DF-1세포에서 조사한 결과, AP3S2 유전자의 발현은 TLR3 신호자극에 의해 감소하였다. 전사조절인자인 $NF{\kappa}B$나 AP-1의 억제제를 이용하여 조사한 결과, $NF{\kappa}B$나 AP-1의 억제에 의해 유전자 발현이 영향을 받지 않았다. 이 결과는 DF-1 세포에서 닭 AP3S2 유전자의 발현은 적어도 이 두 전사조절인자와는 독립적인 경로에 의해 조절됨을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과는 닭 AP3S2가 바이러스 감염에 역할을 하고, TLR3 신호에 관여함을 제시한다. 추가연구를 통해 닭 AP3S2의 전사 조절과 바이러스 침입 메커니즘을 구명할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.