• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.195-213
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify novel extracts of brawn algae with the high deodorant capacity and antioxidant activity. To achieves this, an composition, deodorant performance and free radical scavenging activity were analyzed in powder and water extracts of Ecklonia cava(PEC/EEC), Saccharina japonica(PSJ/ESJ), Eisenia bicyclis(PEB/EEB), Sargassum spp.(PSS/ESS) and Hizikia fusiformis(PHF/EHF) using several analytical methods. Major component of five powders was verified as PEC, phlorotannin; PSJ, alginic acid and glutamic acid; PEB, carotenoid, chlorophyll, phlorotannin, tocopherol and fucoxantin; PSS, ${\beta}$-carotene and polyphenol; PHF, tannin. The highest level of DPPH scavenging activity was detected in EEC($IC_{50}=23.018{\mu}g/ml$), followed by EEB, ESJ, EHF and ESS. The deodorizing performance to ammonia was maintained high level in PEC, PSJ, PEB and PSS, while PHF showed low level in the same condition. But, the deodorizing performance to acetic acid was slightly higher in PSJ and PEC than those of PEB, PSS and PHF. Based on the results of DPPH scavenging activity and deodorizing capacity, we selected fractions of S. japonica as leading extracts and further prepared the 70% acetone extract (AESJ) and 70% ethanol extract (EESJ) from PSJ. The contents of total flavonoid, total phenol and total condensed tannin was significantly increased with 112-209% in AESJ and EESJ compared to those of ESJ. Also, a similar enhancement was observed on the level of DPPH scavenging activity and deodorizing performance against ammonia/acetic acid in AESJ and EESJ. Therefore, these results suggest that AESJ and EESJ contained with high total phenol and total condensed tannin contents may exhibit high deodorant capacity and antioxidant activity as well as has the potential for use as a powerful biomaterial for antibacterial deodorant.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of associating calcium butyrate with tannin extract, compared to an antimicrobial on the growth performance, incidence of diarrhea, intestinal histology, immune-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in piglets. Methods: Seventy-two piglets (36 barrows and 36 gilts) weaned at 28±2 d and initial body weight of 7.17±1.07 kg were allocated to 3 treatments in a randomized complete block design with 8 replicates per treatment and 3 animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of NC, negative control: basal diet without additives; PC, positive control: basal diet + 40 mg/kg of colistin sulfate; or BT, basal diet + calcium butyrate + tannin extract. The butyrate and tannin inclusion levels were 0.15% in the pre-starter phase and 0.075% in the starter phase. Incidence of diarrhea was monitored daily, and on d 14 and 35 of experiment, 1 animal from each experimental unit was slaughtered to collect intestinal samples. Results: No significant differences were observed for growth performance. The butyrate-and tannin-based additive resulted in reduced (p<0.05) incidence of diarrhea in piglets during d 1 to 14 and d 1 to 35 in comparison with the other treatments. Piglets that consumed the diet containing the calcium-butyrate and tannin showed a lower (p<0.05) crypt depth in the duodenum than those receiving the NC treatment at 14 d of experimentation. The BT treatment provided a lower (p<0.05) immune-expression of COX-2 at 14 d and TNF-α at 35 d in the duodenum. Conclusion: Association between calcium butyrate and tannin extract resulted in a significant decrease in the incidence of diarrhea and inflammatory process in the duodenum of piglets. Therefore, calcium-butyrate combined with tannin could be a part of an alternative program to reduce the use of antimicrobials in the diet of weaned piglets.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2000

In order to select the optimum drying method for the production of cinnamon extract, water extract and 70% ethanol extract of cinnamon were prepared. And then several drying method of oven drying, vacuum evaporation, spray drying and freeze drying were performed. Content of cinnamic acid, cinnamic aldehyde, eugenol, tannin and free sugar, and antioxidant activity, degree of browning, pH, color value, turbity and solubility were compared. In water extract, contents of cinnamic acid, cinnamic aldehyde, eugenol were 29.45mg/100g, 94.86mg/100g, 120.75mg/100g and decreased to 4.76%∼44.21%, 5.30%∼48.05%, 3.66%∼21.83% by oven dyring, vaccum drying, spray drying respectively, but freeze drying showed a little decrease of those components. In 70% ethanol extract, effectual components decreased to 76.05%∼88.38% and 26.86%∼78.76% by freeze drying and vacuum evaporation respectively. Antioxidant activity decreased by drying and decreasing rate in 70% ethanol extract was lower than water extract. Degree of browning increased as the drying temperature increased. Tannin and free sugars were little affected by drying temperature. Solubility decreased in oven drying and 70% ethanol extract. Overall data suggested that optimum drying methods of cinnamon extract were freeze drying in case of water extract and freeze drying and vaccum drying in case of 70% ethanol extract.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.262-269
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• 1998

한국산 비파엾을 이용하여 식품으로서의 활용도를 높이기 위한 일환으로 비파엽차를 제조하여 그 이화학적 특성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 비파엽차의 제조 중 일반성분은 2월 중순에 채취한 비파엽의 수분, 조지방 및 회분 함량은 10월에 비해 낮게 나타났으며, 무기성분은 2, 10월 중순에 채취한 비파엽의 경우 4파 볶음에서 각각 칼륨이 39,916.8, 23,950.0 ppm으로 높게 나타났다. ascorbic acid 유리당, 탄닌 및 카페인 함량은 각각 2.33%, 1.01%, 1.63% 및 113mg%로 2월 중순에 비해 10월에 채취한 비파엽 4차 볶음에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 비파엽차 및 그 침출액에 대한 색도는 10월 중순에 채취한 2차 볶음에서는 증가하였으나 4차 볶음의 경우 2월에 채취한 비파엽에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 또한 10월 중순 4차 볶음의 향기성분과 그 침출액에 대한 유리아미노산 함량은 각각 nerolidol과 DL-allohydroxylysine 성분이 가장 높게 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.701-706
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• 2008

The aim of the present study was to determine the apparent and true digestibilities of amino acids of maize, low tannin sorghum, pearl millet and finger millet in adult caecectomized cockerels. Adult cockerels (n = 60), 25-weeks old, were used in this study of which 30 birds were caecectomized as per a standard method. The apparent digestibilities of amino acids of sorghum were not affected by caecectomy, but were higher for maize, finger millet and pearl millet in caecectomized cockerels. Caecectomy had no influence on the true digestibilities of amino acids of maize, but higher digestibilities were observed for most of the amino acids of sorghum and finger millet in caecectomized cockerels. Caecectomy lowered the true digestibility of cystine, threonine and serine of pearl millet. The apparent digestibilities of amino acids of maize, finger millet and pearl millet were underestimated in intact cockerels. The true digestibilities of most of the amino acids of sorghum and finger millet were underestimated, while those of cystine, threonine and serine of pearl millet were overestimated in intact cockerels. The findings suggest that the amino acid digestibility values of cereal grains determined using caecectomized cockerels might be appropriate and reliable for poultry diet formulations. Moreover, the digestibilities of amino acids of finger millet were inferior to other cereal grains, while those of pearl millet were comparable to maize and sorghum.

• 생약학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.211-217
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• 1992

Seven hydrolysable tannins and two related compounds have been isolated from the acetone-water(4 : 1) soluble portion of the aerial parts of Euphorbia ebracteolata(Euphorbiaceae). Seven hydrolysable tannins have been determined as 3-O-galloyl-shikimic acid, 1, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O- and $1,\;2,\;3,\;4,\;6-penta-O-galloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$, corilagin, tercatain, punicafolin and geraniin and two related compounds determinedasgallicacidandellagicacidonthebasisof spectral data and physico-chemical evidence.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2015

전통생약으로서 다양한 효능과 염색제로서 사용되어온 A. catechu의 식물화학적 성분연구를 위해 열수추출물 중 ethyl acetate 분획으로부터 9종의 flavonoid와 1종의 tannin을 단리하였으며, 이들의 물리화학적 성상과 spectral data로부터 구조를 확인한 결과 (+)-catechin (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), (+)-afzelechin (3), (-)-epiafzelechin (4), (+)-mesquitol (5), kaempferol (6), quercetin (7), quercetin 3-methyl ether (8) caryatin (9) 및 ellagic acid (10)로 각각 확인 동정하였다. 이들 화합물 중 caryatin (9)은 Acacia 속으로부터 처음으로 분리되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권11호
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• pp.34.1-34.5
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• 2015

Himalayan dock (Rumex nepalensis) was evaluated for forage value and antinutrients under three, five and seven weeks cutting intervals in the temperate environment. Dry matter (DM) content was measured for each cutting interval. Forage quality parameters such as Crude Protein (CP), Acid Detergent fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P) were analyzed. Plants with seven weeks cutting interval gave higher DM yield. CP and P content were significantly higher for three weeks cutting intervals. Average CP contents were 31.38 %, 30.73 % and 27.32 % and average P content 0.58 %, 0.52 % and 0.51 % for three, five and seven weeks cutting intervals, respectively. Ca content did not differ significantly between cutting intervals. The average Ca content were 0.91 %, 0.90 % and 90 %, for three, five and seven weeks cutting intervals, respectively. Tannin and mimosine contents were not significantly different between cutting intervals. Average tannin contents were 1.32 %, 1.27 % and 1.26 % and mimosine 0.38 %, 0.30 % and 0.28 % for three, five and seven weeks cutting intervals, respectively. The study concluded that R. nepalensis could be a potential source of protein for livestock. The study also suggests seven weeks harvesting interval to provide plants with high dry matter yield, high forage quality and very low levels of anti-nutrients.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.498-502
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• 2009

떫은 맛을 내며 항산화 물질 등으로 알려진 tannin 류의 gallic acid 추출 최적 조건을 검색하기 위해 삼투압, pH, 열처리, 주정 함량을 달리하여 추출 조건 별로 gallic acid 함량을 조사하였다. NaCl 농도를 이용한 삼투압 작용은 gallic acid 추출에 큰 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 사료되며 추출 용매의 pH가 3.0에서 6.0으로 갈수록 gallic acid 함량이 증가하다가 pH 7.0에서 gallic acid 함량이 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. $80^{\circ}C$에서 다양한 주정 농도로 1시간 동안 환류 추출한 경우 주정의 농도가 높을수록 gallic acid 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였고 산수유 과육을 일정한 온도($37^{\circ}C$)에서 주정 농도 별로 12, 24, 48시간 침지 하여 추출한 결과 침지 시간과 주정 농도가 증가할수록 gallic acid 함량도 증가하였지만 주정의 농도가 70-80% 이후에는 오히려 gallic acid의 추출 효율이 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 산수유로부터 gallic acid 의 추출 최적 조건으로는 산수유 과육을 $37^{\circ}C$에서 침지 시주정 70%로 48시간 추출한 경우 gallic acid 함량이 높았고, 환류 추출의 경우 $80^{\circ}C$에서 주정 100%로 1시간 열처리 하였을 때 상대적으로 gallic acid 함량이 높게 나타났다. 본 실험 결과 산수유 과육으로부터 떫은 맛을 내는 gallic acid의 추출률은 주정의 농도와 온도, 추출 시간에 영향을 받는 것으로 사료된다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.125-128
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• 2006

A chemical examination of the stems of Sapium japonicum PAX et $H_{OFFM}$ (Euphorbiaceae) has led to the isolation of seven phenolic compounds. On the basis of UV, IR, MS, and NMR spectral data and the chemical reaction, the structures of these compounds were identified as gallic acid (1), ellagic acid (2), 3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid (3), $4-O-({\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl)-3,3'-di-O-methylellagic$ acid (4), $4-O-({\alpha}-D-arabinofuranosyl)-3,3'-di-O-methylellagic$ acid (5), isoquercitrin (6), and geraniin (7).