• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.17-23
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• 2004

In the present work, the numerical model was refined to predict the thermal analysis of energy storage in a fixed beds during (charging ,storing, discharging) mode. The governing energy equations of both fluid and the solid particles along with their initial and boundary conditions are derived using a two-phase, one dimensional model. The refined model is carried out by taking into account change of (air density , air specific heat) with air temperature and also by taking into considerations heat losses from bed to surrounding. Finite difference method was used to obtain solution of two governing energy equations of both fluid and solid particles through a computer program especially constructed for this purpose. The temperature field for the air and the solid are obtained, also efficiency of energy stored inside the bed is computed. Finally using refined model the effect of air flow rate per unit area Ga (0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 kg/$m^2$-s), and inlet air temperature (200, 250, 300 $^{\circ}C$) on energy storage characteristics was studied in three mode ( charging ,storing, discharging). The rock particles of diameter 1 em is used as bed material in this research.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.5 s.118
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• pp.449-453
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• 2006

Effect of light quality on plant temperatures at joining parts of grafted watermelon seedlings was investigated using a thermal imaging system in this study. Plant temperatures at joining parts lowered than those at stem region during graft-taking. However, difference in plant temperatures at joining parts and at stem region decreased by days after graft-taking. Plant temperatures of grafted seedlings graft-taken under white, blue, red, and blue + red fluorescent lamps repeatedly fluctuated high at photoperiod and low at dark period. Considering the variation of plant temperatures at joining pa퍼5, the illumination of blue and red light as well as white light will be effective for grafting of grafted watermelon seedlings. It is recommended that air temperature around grafted seedlings should be maintained at 27 to $29^{\circ}C$ for enhancing the physiological reaction of callus and for the smooth joining of scion and rootstock.

• Solar Energy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 1982

This paper presents the performance of a Flat-Plate Solar Collector in case of taking into account of the thermal capacitance. The relationships among energy absorption, overall heat loss coefficient and temperature distribution are studied theoretically. And the thermal capacitance of the collector is considered. Also, the results obtained are compared with those of model in which the thermal capacitance is neglected. As the results of this study, the efficiency of the collector having double glazing is higher than the other cases. It is shown that the fluid temperature in the tubes are rising close to linearly. The variations of the outlet temperature of tubes in the model neglecting the effect of thermal capacitance are tend to represent lower slope than that of considering the effect of thermal capacitance.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2002

These studies were carried out to develop some easy-checking thermometers instead of taking temperature of ectum for the farmers to detect easily a diseased animal with fever. Thermometers such as pincher-type, hood-type, raser-type, stick-type, and wrap-type were devised for the experiments. The experimental animals were cattle, horse, swine, aprine, and canine. Temperature-taking parts of the body were ear, shoulder, axilla, gluteal part, and coccygeal part according o the devised thermometer. Rectal temperature was taken at the same time for the comparison of temperature between rectum nd the certain part. The difference of temperature between rectum and shoulder part using eraser-type thermometer for the domestic animals were $3.37^{\circ}C$ for cattle, $1.94^{\circ}C$ for horses, $2.04^{\circ}C$ for swine, $1.27^{\circ}C$ for caprine, $0.9^{\circ}C$ for canine. The difference of temperature between rectum and gluteal part using eraser-type thermometer for domestic animals were $3.46^{\circ}C$ for cattle, $1.98^{\circ}C$ for horses, $2.22^{\circ}C$ for swine, and $1.1^{\circ}C$ for canine. The difference of intra-individual temperature taken by eraser-type thermometer of shoulder and gluteal part were 0.3 and $0.8^{\circ}C$ for cattle, 0.7 and $1.1^{\circ}C$ for horses, 0.6 and $0.7^{\circ}C$ for swine, 0.9 and $1.1^{\circ}C$ for canine. The difference of temperature between rectum and shoulder part taken by hood-type thermometer for cattle was $3.93^{\circ}C$ and the difference of intra-individual temperature was $0.8^{\circ}C$. The difference of temperature between rectum and gluteal part taken by stick-type thermometer for cattle was $3.7^{\circ}C$ and the difference of intra-individual temperature was $0.8^{\circ}C$. The other types of thermometers than the above three were not proved to be reliable to detect temperature of domestic animals. It was concluded that hood-type, stick-type and eraser-type thermometers are recommendable devices of thermometer to detect easily the status of body temperature and that the eraser-type was proved to be a practical one of the thermometers used in this study.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.357-363
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• 2003

These studies were carried out to develop non-contact thermometer to take easily the body temperature of domestic animals instead of taking rectal temperature. For the studies, 86 cattle, 57 horses, 72 pigs, 43 goats, and 42 dogs were used and body parts as neck, flank, axilla, lateral abdomen, gluteus, inguinal region, or jugular groove were chosen for taking temperature according to different species. Two types of commercial non-contact thermometers were used to take the temperature of certain body part and at the same time the rectal temperature using digital thermo-meter was taken to compare the difference of temperature between rectum and certain body part. The difference of mean temperature in cattle between rectum and axilla and flank were 0.52 and $2.41^{\circ}C$, respectively, using non-contact thermometer I, whereas $3.02^{\circ}C$ between rectum and flank using thermometer II. The difference of mean temperature in horses between rectum and axilla, gluteus, and jugular groove were 0.52, 1.49, and $0.26^{\circ}C$, respectively, using thermometer I, whereas 2.28 ane $0.92^{\circ}C$ between rectum and gluteus or jugular groove using thermometer II. The difference of mean temperature in swine between rectum and flank, inguinal region, and neck were 1.23, 0.21, and $0.8^{\circ}C$, respectively, using thermometer I, whereas 1.42, 0.711, and $1.25^{\circ}C$ using thermometer II The difference of mean temperature in goats between rectum and lateral abdomen and inguinal region were 1.02 and $0.12^{\circ}C$, respectively, using thermometer I, whereas 1.96 and $1.01^{\circ}C$ using thermometer II. The difference of mean temperature in dogs between rectum and lateral abdomen, inguinal region, and neck were 3.26, 0.24, and $2.37^{\circ}C$, respectively, using thermometer I, whereas 3.45, 0.56, and $2.61^{\circ}C$ using thermometer II.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.450-454
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• 1998

These studies were performed to find out the possibility of automatic detection of the diseased animal with fever by farmers themselves. Firstly, the body temperature of 331 dairy cows was investigated according to major disease symptoms manifested. Secondly, AD 590 thermometer was used to take the teat temperature of the milking cows to determine the possibility of automatic taking of body temperature while milking. The temperatures of scapha of ear and coccygeal artery part were also taken fur the non-milking dairy cows and Korean native cowl 1. The average body temperature of dairy cows associated with respiratory diseases puerperal disease, or mastitis was higher than normal temperature denoting respectively 39.8,39.6, and $39.3{\circ}C.2.$ The teat temperaure of the milking dairy cows with fever($39.5~39.6{\circ}C$) and the cows with mastitis was respectively 1.02 and 0.56${\circ}C$ higher than that of normal cows. 3. The average teat temperature taken by AD 590 was 33.91, 34.93, and 34.50${\circ}C$ in normal milking dairy cows, cows with fever(39.5~39.6${\circ}C$), and cows with mastitis, respectively. 4. The mean temperatures at scapha and coccygeal part of non-milking dairy cows and Korean native cows were 35.62 and 36.63${\circ}C$, respectively. It was concluded that AD 590 thermometer would be usable for the farmers to automatirally detect the body temperature of dairy cows while milking and subsquently to find the diseased cow with fever and that the scapha of ear and coccygeal artery part of the cattle could be the body parts of simply detecting body temperature of non-milking cattle.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.767-770
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• 1999

The carbonation process is affected both by the concrete material properties such as W/C ratio, types of cement and aggregated, admixture characteristics and the environmental factors such as CO2 concentration, temperature, humidity. Based on results of preliminary research on carbonation, this study is to propose a carbonation prediction model by taking into account of prediction model by taking into account of CO2 concentration and W/C ratio among major factors affecting the carbonation process.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.158-164
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• 2004

In the present work, the numerical model was refined to predict the thermal analysis of energy storage in a fixed beds during charging mode. The governing energy equations of both fluid and the solid particles along with their initial and boundary conditions are derived using a two-phase, one dimensional model. The refined model is carried out by taking into account change of (air density , air specific heat) with air temperature and also by taking into considerations heat losses from bed to surrounding. Finite difference method was used to obtain solution of two governing energy equations of both fluid and solid particles through a computer program especially constructed for this purpose. The temperature field for the air and the solid are obtained, also energy stored inside the bed is computed. A comparison between refined model and non refined model is done. Finally using refined model the effect of bed material (Glass, Fine clay ,and aluminum ), and air flow rate per unit area Ga (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 kg/$m^2$-s) on energy storage characteristics was studied.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.667-672
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• 2002

Concrete cooled to very low temperature cyclically is deteriorated by ice formation in micro-pores. Although the factors to the deterioration are various, storage at very low temperature is mentioned as one of the factors. In practice, storage of cryogenic structure is kept at very low temperatures, and as such, it is important to take into consideration the influence of storage at such low temperature on the deterioration of concrete. Thus, in this study, the influence of storage on the deterioration of concrete at minimum temperatures taking into consideration the different W/C and air content.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.897-908
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• 2015

This article gives analytical dependences for creep of concrete at heating, taking into account conditions of its drying. These dependences are based on the standard nonlinear theory of creep of concrete at a normal temperature and temperature-time analogy. For the description of creep at various stresses and temperatures the principle of superposition are used. All stages of model's creation are confirmed by the existing experimental data. Calculation examples are given.