• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.363-369
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• 2009

Erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) are T-cell mediated inflammatory immune disorders. It was investigated mRNA expression pattern of several regulatory factors, such as, CD28, CD45, CD152, CD154, CD279, which influence T lymphocyte in unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) of EOLP and RAS patients. It was collected unstimulated whole saliva during 10 minute in EOLP 18 people, RAS patients 12 people, healthy control 8 people. We investigated mRNA expression of T lymphocyte regulatory factors, such as, CD28, CD45, CD152, CD154, CD279, with real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In EOLP group, CD45, CD279 expressed higher and CD154 expressed lower than control. In RAS, CD45, CD270 expressed higher and CD28, CD154 expressed lower than control. In addition CD152 salivary mRNA expression of EOLP is higher than that of RAS. The above results were suggested that the mRNA expression of T lymphocyte regulatory factors in unstimulated whole saliva of EOLP and RAS contributes to diagnosis of diseases.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.2093-2094
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• 2005

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.687-692
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• 2019

Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) play a role in various cellular processes. Accumulating evidence has revealed that tsRNAs are deeply implicated in human diseases, such as various cancers and neurological disorders, suggesting that tsRNAs should be investigated to develop novel therapeutic intervention. tsRNAs provide more complexity to the physiological role of transfer RNAs by repressing or activating protein synthesis with distinct mechanisms. Here, we highlight the detailed mechanism of tsRNA-mediated dual regulation in protein synthesis and discuss the necessity of novel sequencing technology to learn more about tsRNAs.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2000

The genetic variations among six species of Rana from Korea (R. nigro-maculata, R. piancyi, R. dybowskii, R. sp, R. rugosa type A, B and R. amurensis) were investigated using 499 bases of mitochondrial DNA sequences for ND2 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) gene and $tRNA^{Trp}$ gene. Partial sequences of ND2 gene (427 bp) and full sequences of $tRNA^{Trp}$ gene (73 bp) were identified. The level of sequence divergences ranged from 0.2 to 5.2% within species and 4.9-28.0% among 6 species of the genus Rana. The $tRNA^{Trp}$ gene of the genus Rana was composed of 77 nucleotides which showed a two dimensional "cloverleaf" structure. The secondary structure of $tRNA^{Trp}$ was not found compensatory changes which could potentially confound phylogenetic inference. In the neighborjoining tree, brown frogs were clustered first with the level of sequence divergence of 13.20% between R. amurensis and R. dybowskii, and 9% between R. dybowskii and R. sp. supported by 99% bootstrap iterations, respectively. R. nigromaculata and R. plancyi were clustered into another group with 5.1% divergence supported by 100% bootstrap iteration. R. rugosa A 8nd B types were grouped by 4.9% divergence and clustered into the last group with other two groups with 100% bootstrap iterations.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.62-64
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• 2008

A major hurdle to the development of RNA interference as therapy for HIV infection is the delivery of siRNA to T lymphocytes which are difficult cells to transfect even in vitro. We have employed a single chain antibody to the pan T cell surface antigen CD7 was conjugated to an oligo-9-arginine peptide (scFvCD7-9R) for T cell-specific siRNA delivery in NOD/SCIDIL2${\gamma}$-/- mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (Hu-PBL). Using a novel delivery, we first show that scFvCD7-9R efficiently delivered CD4 siRNA into human T cells in vitro. In vivo administration to Hu-PBL mice resulted in reduced levels of surface CD4 expression on T cells. Mice infected with HIV-1 and treated on a weekly basis with scFvCD7-9R-siRNA complexes targeting a combination of viral genes and the host coreceptor molecule CCR5 successfully maintained CD4/CD3 T cell ratios up to 4 weeks after infection in contrast to control mice that displayed a marked reduction in CD4 T cell numbers. p24 antigen levels were undetectable in 3 of the 4 protected mice. scFvCD7-9R/antiviral siRNA treatment also helped maintain CD4 T cell numbers with reduced plasma viral loads in Hu-PBL mice reconstituted with PBMC from donors seropositive for HIV, indicating that this method can contain viral replication even in established HIV infections. Our results show that scFvCD7-9R could be further developed as a potential therapeutic for HIV-1 infection.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.494-498
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• 1995

Maize mitochondrial tRNAs for isoleucine have been isolated using a putative $tRNA^{Ile}$ gene probe which has been previously isolated and characterized. It contains the 5'-CAT anticodon which would normally recognize the AUG methionine codon. The nucleotide sequence of one of these tRNAs has been partially determined, and contains a modified nucleotide at the first position of the anticodon. This type of posttranscriptional modification event could change the specificity of amino acid acceptance of a tRNA, unlike that deduced from the corresponding gene. An aminoacylation experiment also demonstrated that these purified tRNAs have isoleucine acceptance activity but no methionine-accepting activity.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.334-342
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• 2005

The prototype Chlorella virus PBCV-l encodes 11 tRNA genes and over 350 protein-encoding genes in its 330 kbp genome. Initial attempts to overexpress the recombinant A189/192R protein, a putative virus attachment protein, in E. coli strain BL21(DE3) SI were unsuccessful, and multiple protein bands were detected on Western blots. However, the full-length A189/192R recombinant protein or fragments derived from it were detected when they were expressed in E. coli BL21 CodonPlus (DE3) RIL, which contains extra tRNAs. Codon usage analysis of the a189/192r gene showed highly biased usage of the AGA and AVA codons compared to genes encoded by E. coli and Chlorella. In addition, there were biases of XXA/U($56\%$) and XXG/ C($44\%$) in the codons recognized by the viral tRNAs, which correspond to the codon usage bias in the PBCV-1 genome of XXA/U ($63\%$) over those ending in XXC/G ($37\%$). Analysis of the codon usage in the major capsid protein and DNA polymerase showed preferential usage of codons that can be recognized by the viral tRNAs. The Asn (AAC) and Lys (AAG) codons whose corresponding tRNA genes are duplicated in the tRNA gene cluster were the most abundant (i.e., preferred) codons in these two proteins. The tRNA genes encoded in the PBCV-l genome seem to play a very important role during the synthesis of viral proteins through supplementing the tRNAs that are frequently used in viral proteins, but are rare in the host cells. In addition, these tRNAs would help the virus to adapt to a wide range of hosts by providing tRNAs that are rare in the host cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2012

Three protease-producing halophilic bacteria were isolated from fermenting anchovy. Isolated FAM 10, FAM 114, and FAM 115 were found to grow optimally at salt concentrations of 2-4%, 10%, and 6%, respectively, and could grow in salinity of up to 18-22%. The salinity conditions for optimum protease production were 6% in FAM 10 and 10% in FAM 114 and FAM 115. The protease activity of FAM 10 was gradually inhibited by the addition of NaCl up to 10%, and was not evident at 14%, whereas FAM 114 and FAM 115 displayed protease activity at 14% NaCl and could not be measured at 18%. These results demonstrated that the three isolated strains belong to protease-producing, moderately halophilic bacteria. Strain FAM 10, FAM 114, and FAM 115 were identified as Salinivibrio sp., Halobacillus sp., and Halobacillus sp. respectively, based on comparative analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S intergenic space sequence (IGS), biochemical testing, and Gram staining. Salinivibrio sp. FAM 10 had two 16S rDNAs containing different sequences at position 191 and four IGSs that harbored no tRNA gene and tRNA genes for isoleucine, alanine, glutamate, lysine, and/or valine. Halobacillus sp. FAM 114 and FAM 115 had completely identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and showed 99% identity to the sequences of various Halobacillus strains. The three IGSs found in the genome of both strains displayed 99% sequence identity with Halobacillus aidingensis and Halobacillus sp. JM-Hb, and had $IGS^0$ with no tRNA gene and $IGS^{IA}$ with tRNA genes for isoleucine and alanine.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.5
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• pp.7-21
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• 1964

가잠(家蠶)(Bombyx mori)의 잠체(蠶體), 용체 및 견사선(絹絲腺)(후부(後部))에서 phenol법(法)으로 RNA를 추출(抽出)하여 RNA의 nucleotide 조성(組成)(mole ratio)을 살피는 한편, 견사선(絹絲腺)(후부(後部))에서 초원심법(超遠沈法)으로 r-RNA, s-RNA를 분리(分離)하여 이에 대(對)한 nucleotide조성(組成)을 조사(調査)하고 또 가잠견사선(家蠶絹絲腺)과 비교(比較)할 목적(目的)으로 거미 방적선(紡績腺)의 t-RNA를 분리(分離)하여 nucleotide성분(成分)을 측정(測定)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 잠란(蠶卵)에 있어서 이것을 마수(磨粹), 탈지(脫脂) 후(後) lysozyme을 작용(作用)시키고 10% NaCl용액(溶液)으로 가열(加熱) 추출(抽出)하는 새방법(方法)을 고찰(考察)하여 RNA의 추출(抽出)이 극난(極難)한 잠란(蠶卵)에서 RNA를 분리(分離)하는데 성공(成功)하였다. 2) 가잠란(家蠶卵), 잠체(蠶體), 용체 및 견사선(絹絲腺)(후부(後部))의 t-RNA nucleotide 조성(組成)은 다음과 같다. 시료(試料) $\frac{G+C}{A+U}$ $\frac{G+U}{A+C}$ $\frac{Pu}{Py}$ 가잠란(家蠶卵)의 RNA 1.14 1.24 0.99 가잠체(家蠶體)의 RNA 1.40 1.36 0.80 용체의 RNA 1.40 1.33 1.35 후부견사선(後部絹絲腺)의 RNA 1.05 1.32 1.15 이로서 잠체(蠶體). 용체 및 견사선(絹絲腺)의 Pu/Py는 각각(各各) 차이(差異)가 있으나 G+U/A+C는 3자간(者間)에 1.3의 거이 동일(同一)한 수치(數値)를 보여주고 있다. G+C/A+U는 잠체(蠶體)와 용체에 있어서 동일(同一)하나 견사선(絹絲腺)의 그것과는 차이(差異)가 있다. 한편 잠란(蠶卵)에 있어서는 Pu/Py, G+C/A+U, G+U/A+C가 각각(各各) 잠체(蠶體), 용체 및 견사선(絹絲腺)에 있어서와 현저(顯著)한 차이(差異)를 보여주고 있다. G+C/A+U가 1.3이나 되는 RNA의 base ratio를 가진 생물(生物)에 관(關)해서는 아직 보고(報告)된 바 없고 다만 본논문(本論文)의 가잠(家蠶)에 관(關)한 RNA와 속편(續編)인 각종(各種) 패류(貝類) RNA의 nucleotide 조성(組成)에서 모두 1.3에 가까운 수치(數値)를 보여주고 있다. 3) 견사선(絹絲腺)(후부(後部)) t-RNA와 거미 방적선(紡績腺)의 t-RNA의 nucleotide molar ratio 및 견사선(絹絲腺)의 r-RNA, s-RNA nucleotide 조성(組成)은 다음과 같다. 재료(材料) $\frac{G+C}{A+U}$ $\frac{G+U}{A+C}$ $\frac{Pu}{Py}$ 가잠견사선(家蠶絹絲腺)(후부(後部)의 t-RNA 1.05 1.32 1.15의 r-RNA 1.12 1.30 1.20의 s-RNA 1.55 1.33 0.65 지주방적선(蜘蛛紡績腺)의 t-RNA 1.35 1.24 1.16 즉(卽) 가잠견사선(家蠶絹絲腺)(후부(後部))과 거미방적선(紡績腺)의 t-RNA nucleotide 조성(組成)은 Pu/Py가 1.15와 1.16으로서 거이 동일(同一)하지만 G+C/A+U, G+U/A+C에 차이(差異)가 있음을 보았다. 한편 가잠견사선(家蠶絹絲腺)(후부(後部)) r-RNA와 s-RNA의 Pu/Py와 G+C/A+U는 현저(顯著)한 차이(差異)가 있고, G+U/A+C에 있어서는 1.3으로서 거이 동일(同一)한 수치(數値)를 보여주고 있다. 4. 이상(以上)과 같이 잠체(蠶體)에 관(關)한 RNA의 nucleotide 조성(組成)은 소위(所謂) GC-type로서, 현재(現在)까지 문헌(文獻)에 보고(報告)된 각종(各種) 생물(生物)의 RNA의 base ratio에 관(關)하여 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)하였으며, RNA의 nucleotide ratio의 차이(差異)의 의의(意義)에 대(對)하여 고찰(考察)하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2000

Despite extensive investigation, the mechanisms of immune responses to Candida albicans infection remain poorly understood. Using RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis, this study demonstrates the pattern of IL-6 mRNA expression in thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages and NIH3T3 fibroblasts (NIH3T3) in response to C. albicans. The expression of IL-6 mRNA was detectable in both cell types. However, IL-10 mRNA was only expressed in the macrophages, and IL-4 mRNA was not expressed in neither of the two cell types. Although the phagocytic function of the macrophages was inhibited by Cytochalasin D, these macrophages could still induce the expression of IL-6mRNA. These findings indicated that the phagocytosis of C. albicans is not pivotal in the induction of IL-6 mRNA expression. A Northern blot analysis was used to investigate the dose effects of C. albicans and time-course kinetics of IL-6 mRNA expression at various time points. IL-6 mRNA was expressed in a dose-independent manner, and was detectable as early as 30min after C. albicans stimulation. It was evenly sustained up to 4h. These results can contribute to understanding the mechanism of IL-6 mRNA expression in macrophages and NIH3T3 cells in response to C, albicans.