• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2018

Purpose: This study is to investigate influence of tDCS on lower limb muscle activity and balance ability in soccer player. Methods: Sessions were conducted with 15 subjects in tDCS group and 15 in action observation training group for 20 minutes, 5 sessions a week, for 8 weeks. All soccer players underwent 30 minutes of plyometric training before main exercise. To evaluate lower limb muscle activation, rectus femoris and biceps femoris were taken measure using surface electromyogram system and to evaluate balance ability, surface area, whole path length, limited of stability were measured using biorescue. Results: Regarding balance shown in surface area, whole path length, limited of stability and muscle activation in rectus femoris and biceps femoris, tDCS group showed more significant change than action bservation training group. Conclusion: Therefore, intervention using tDCS is more effective in improving lower limb muscle activation and balance ability than action observation training.

• 신경정신의학
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2018

Despite the fact that pharmacotherapy depressive disorders have proven efficacy, a substantial number of patients are resistant to conventional management. As neuroscientific research about pathophysiology of depression have accumulated, repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have emerged as an important mechanism-based treatment modality. This overview provides a review of therapeutic application of rTMS and tDCS in patients with depression. The clinical and basic studies of rTMS and tDCS in depression were reviewed and integrated using a literature review and interview with experts. rTMS is a noninvasive procedure of a localized pulsed magnetic field to the surface of the head to cause a depolarization of neurons in the brain cortex. tDCS has a mechanism of modulating cortical excitability in a polarity-specific manner without eliciting action potentials. rTMS and tDCS seem promising for treating depression. Although therapeutic parameters and further technical improvement remain to be systematically investigated, rTMS and tDCS would be a safe and effective intervention to treat depression.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.403-412
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• 2021

알츠하이머병은 치매를 일으키는 원인 중 가장 높은 빈도를 차지하는 신경퇴행성 질환으로서, 아직은 증상을 개선시키는 정도의 약물적 치료가 주를 이룬다. 이러한 경구약제의 치료적 한계성 및 신약개발의 어려움에 직면하여 임상에서는 비약물적 치료에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 경두개 직류전기자극(transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS)는 낮은 강도의 직류전류를 이용한 비침습적 뇌조절술의 한 종류로서, 그 안전성에 대해서는 이미 널리 입증받은 바 있다. 본 종설에서는 알츠하이머병 쥐 모델에게 tDCS를 적용함으로써 얻을 수 있는 행동학적, 신경생리학적, 뇌조직학적 회복에 대한 객관적 근거들을 살펴봄으로써, 인간 대상 tDCS연구의 배경근거를 제시하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate whether motor cortex excitability by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over primary motor cortex (M1) affects motor performance of serial reaction task. Methods: Cathodal, anodal and sham tDCS (1 mA) are applied over right M1 of 24 subjects for 30 minutes including 11minutes for task period time. We applied two electrodes at the same position to both an experimental group and a sham-controlled group, and we made 2 groups recognize to be applicated of stimulation. Flexion, extension of wrist and thumb flexion are carried out following colors of arrows on the monitor. Serial reaction time task was applied to confirm the difference of the reaction time between 2 groups. Results: Reaction time is decreased in both tDCS-group and Sham-controlled tDCS group, and the degree of reduction is much greater in the post-test than pre-test. Reduction of reaction time between groupsis statistically significant. Conclusion: We consider that anodal tDCS increased the cortical excitability of the underlying motor cortex and it can be helpful to modulate motor performance. It seems that tDCS is an effective modality to modulate brain function, and it will be great help to mediate strategy for the brain injury patients.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2022

Background: This study was to investigate the effect of non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation due to hemiplegic patients due to stroke on temporal and spatial gait ability. Design: Randomized sham controlled trial. Methods: For the study method, 42 patients with hemiplegia due to stroke were randomly assigned to 14 patients each, and the general walking group, tDCS walking group, and tDCS (sham) walking group were subjected to 5 times a week, 30 minutes a day, and 6 weeks. In the temporal gait variables of hemiplegic patients due to stroke, the effect of the gait time, gait cycle, single support, double support, swing phase, stance phase, gait speed, cadence were measured. In spatial variables, one step length and one step length were measured. Results: As a result of the study, the EG group significantly increased in the step time, gait velocity, and cadence of the paralysis side in the comparison of temporal walking variables between groups according to the application of tDCS of walking ability in hemiplegic patients due to stroke patients(p<.05). In the change in spatial walking variables between groups according to the application of tDCS, the step length and stride length of the EG group showed a significant increase. Both the comparison of temporal and spatial symmetry walking variables between groups according to tDCS application was not significant(p>.05) Conclusion: As a result, tDCS has an effective effect on the improvement of the gait ability of stroke patients. In particular, it is an effective method of physical therapy that can improve the cadence and speed of gait, which can be combined with the existing gait training to effectively increase the gait of hemiplegia due to stroke patients.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2023

Purpose: There is increasing attention to the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for enhancing cognitive functions in subjects to aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite varying treatment outcomes in tDCS which depend on the amount of current reaching the brain, there is no general information on the impacts of anatomical features associated with AD on tDCS-induced electric field. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine how AD-related anatomical variation affects the tDCS-induced electric field using computational modeling. Methods: We collected 180 magnetic resonance images (MRI) of AD patients and healthy controls from a publicly available database (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; ADNI), and MRIs were divided into female-AD, male-AD, female-normal, and male-normal groups. For each group, segmented brain volumes (cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, ventricle, rostral middle frontal (RMF), and hippocampus/amygdala complex) using MRI were measured, and tDCS-induced electric fields were simulated, targeting RMF. Results: For segmented brain volumes, significant sex differences were observed in the gray matter and RMF, and considerable disease differences were found in cerebrospinal fluid, ventricle, and hippocampus/amygdala complex. There were no differences in the tDCS-induced electric field among AD and normal groups; however, higher peak values of electric field were observed in the female group than the male group. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated the presence of sex and disease differences in segmented brain volumes; however, this pattern differed in tDCS-induced electric field, resulting in significant sex differences only. Further studies, we will adjust the brain stimulation conditions to target the deep brain and examine the effects, because of significant differences in the ventricles and deep brain regions between AD and normal groups.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2010

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the effects of GDB(Gidaebang) on the immune response to establish the treatment mechanism of vaginitis. Methods: We examined the effects of GDB on the DCs(Dendritic cells) phenotypic and functional maturation. iDCs were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF and the generated iDCs were respectively stimulated by GDB or LPS as the control group for 24 hours. To evaluate the DCs phenotypic and functional maturation, we used flow cytometric analysis, RT-PCR and ELISA. Results: 1. GDB upregulated the expression of class II MHC and CD40 on DCs. 2. GDB upregulated the expression of CD80 and CD86 on DCs. 3. GDB induced cytokine IL-12 production and mRNA expression in DCs. Conclusion: These results suggest that GDB is able to improve the antigen-presenting capacity of DCs through the upregulation of their maturation, and might induce proliferation of T cells. In conclusion, this immunomodulatory properties of GDB may be useful in the treatment of vaginitis.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2011

본 연구는 국소 허혈성 뇌손상 흰쥐 모델에서 tDCS의 자극 적용시간을 달리하였을 때, 앞다리 운동감각 기능변화와 신경영양인자(GAP-43)발현에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 뇌손상 모델은 Sprague -Dawley계 흰쥐 80마리를 'Longa'방법을 이용하여 중대뇌동맥(middle cerebral artery)을 폐색하여 유발하였고, 실험군을 4개로 나누었다; 실험군I은 허혈성 뇌손상 유발군(n=20), 실험군II는 허혈성 뇌손상 유발 후 tDCS(10분) 적용군(n=20), 실험군III은 허혈성 뇌손상 유발 후 tDCS(20분) 적용군(n=20), 실험군IV는 허혈성 뇌손상 유발 후 tDCS(30분) 적용군(n=20)으로 나누었다. 앞다리운동감각 기능검사를 위해 수정된 앞다리배치 검사와 단일 팰릿 닿기 검사를 실시하였으며, 신경가소성에 대한 면역조직화학적 검사로 운동감각 영역에서의 GAP-43 단백질 발현을 관찰하였다. 앞다리운동감각 검사는 14일에서 실험군III (p<0.05)이 다른 군들에 비해 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 단일 팰릿 닿기 검사는 14일에서 실험군III(p<0.01)과 실험군IV(p<0.05)에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한, 면역조직학적 검사는 14일에 실험군III이 다른 군들에 비해 현저한 면역양성반응의 증가를 보였다. 따라서, 0.1 mA의 강도로 20분간 적용했을 때가 앞다리운동감각 기능과 신경가역성 인자 GAP-43 발현에 가장 좋은 조건임을 알 수 있었다.

• 의료법학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.209-244
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• 2020

TMS와 tDCS는 자기와 전류를 통하여 뇌에 자극을 가함으로서 환자나 개별 이용자의 질병을 치료하고, 이외에도 건강을 관리하거나 증진시킬 수 있는 비침습적 기기를 말한다. 이들 기기의 효과와 안전성은 몇몇 질병에서 입증되고 있으나, 아직도 이에 대한 연구는 진행 중이다. 점차 증가하고 있는 이들 기기의 활용도에 비해 TMS와 tDCS를 직접 규율하는 입법례를 찾기는 어렵다. 미국, 독일, 일본의 TMS와 tDCS에 대한 법적 규율을 살펴보면, TMS는 중등도의 위해도를 가진 의료기기로 승인되어 있는 반면, tDCS는 아직 의료기기로 승인된 상태는 아니다. 하지만, 최근 FDA 가이드집이나 유럽 MDR 규정의 변화, 미국의 리콜사례, 독일과 일본의 관련 법 규정, 전문가 그룹의 제언 등을 검토하면, tDCS도 조만간 의료기기로 승인되어 규율될 것으로 보인다. 물론, tDCS를 의료기기가 아닌 일반제품으로 보더라도 다른 법률과 제도를 통하여 제품의 안전성과 효과를 규제할 수는 있다. 그러나 이 기기가 인간의 뇌에 미칠 수 있는 여러 영향을 고려할 때, 이를 독자적으로 규율할 필요성이 크다. 우리도 TMS와 tDCS를 규율하는 명시적 법률은 없으나, 이 두 기기는 식약처 고시에 따라 3등급 의료기기로 판정된다. 그리고 TMS는 가이드 라인에 따라 미국 FDA 지침에 의해 안전성과 성능을 평가하도록 하고 있다. 하지만, tDCS는 아직 이에 대한 구체적 지침은 존재하지 않는다. tDCS 기기가 일부 병원에서, 그리고 개별 구매자를 통하여 가정에서 사용되고 있는 현실을 고려하면, 이러한 규제의 공백은 신속히 보완되어야 한다. 장기적으로는 비침습적 뇌자극기기를 독자적으로 규율할 수 있는 법적 시스템의 정비가 필요하다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1476-1484
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 경두개직류자극(tDCS) 유무에 따른 골프 퍼팅 수행력을 비교 분석하는 것이었다. 본 연구에 참여한 대상자는 신체 건강한 대학 골프선수 10명이 참여하였다. 1대의 SAMPutt basic unit과 tDCS를 이용하여 퍼팅 시 발생하는 운동학적 자료 수집 및 분석을 실시하였다. 통계분석은 경두개직류자극 유무에 따른 퍼팅 수행력을 비교하기 위해 paired t-test를 실시하였으며, 통계적 유의수준은 .05로 설정하였다. 연구결과, 평지 퍼팅에서 FA와 BS가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 훅 2° 퍼팅에서 IS가 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 추후 경두개직류자극이 퍼팅 시 신체 균형 유지와의 관련성을 규명하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.