• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1675-1681
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• 2007

한약재 복합조성물을 첨가한 양념소스가 돈육의 저장 중 지질산화에 미치는 영향을 분것하고자 각각 열수추출된 산조인, 산수유, 단삼, 꿀풀, 선복화, 뽕잎, 곽향 배합물(T-1), 산조인, 산수유, 단삼, 꿀풀, 선복화, 뽕잎, 오가피 배합물(T-2) 및 산조인, 산수유, 단삼, 꿀풀, 선복화, 곽향, 오가피 배합물(T-3)을 1%씩 양념소스에 첨가하고 $4^{\circ}C$에서 15일간 냉장저장 하면서 지질성분의 변화를 분석하였다. 저장 초기에 원료육의 TBARS 값은 $0.15{\pm}0.03$ MA mg/kg였던 것이, 저장 15일 이후에는 한약재 조성물 무첨가군(T-0)에서 $0.35{\pm}0.01$ MA mg/kg이었으며, 한약재 조성물 첨가군(T-1, 2 및 3)에서는 $0.27{\sim}0.3$ MA mg/kg의 범위로 T-0군에 비하여 유의적으로 낮은 값으로 정량되었다. 저장 초기 원료육과 양념육의 지방산 조성은서 함량차이가 없었으며, 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 불포화 지방산의 함량이 약간 증가하다가 저장 9일 이후에는 감소되는 경향으로 나타났다. 저장 초기의 콜레스테롤 함량은 실험군간의 차이가 거의 없었으며, 저장 기간의 경과에 따라 점차 감소되었다. 한약재 조성물을 첨가하지 않은 양념육(T-0)에서는 저장 15일에 콜레스테롤 함량은 $70.5{\pm}1.48mg/100g$으로 가장 낮았으며 한약재 조성물을 첨가군에서도 콜레스테롤의 함량은 감소하였으나 T-0군보다는 유의적으로 높은 함량이었다. 본 실험의 결과 양념육에 한약재 조성물이 첨가되므로써 불포화 지방산 및 콜레스테롤 함량의 감소폭이 적어 양념돈육의 제조에 있어서 한약재 조성물의 첨가는 양념돈육의 물리적 및 기능적 특성의 향상을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.235-240
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• 1996

Forecasts of monthly landings of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, in Korea were carried out by the seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARlMA) model. The Box - Cox transformation on the walleye pollock catch data handles nonstationary variance. The equation of Box - Cox transformation was Y'=($Y^0.31$_ 1)/0.31. The model identification was determined by minimum AIC(Akaike Information Criteria). And the seasonal ARlMA model is presented (1- O.583B)(1- $B^1$)(l- $B^12$)$Z_t$ =(l- O.912B)(1- O.732$B^12$)et where: $Z_t$=value at month t ; $B^p$ is a backward shift operator, that is, $B^p$$Z_t$=$Z_t$-P; and et= error term at month t, which is to forecast 24 months ahead the walleye pollock landings in Korea. Monthly forecasts of the walleye pollock landings for 1993~ 1994, which were compared with the actual landings, had an absolute percentage error(APE) range of 20.2-226.1 %. Thtal observed annual landings in 1993 and 1994 were 16, 61OM/T and 1O, 748M/T respectively, while the model predicted 10, 7 48M/T and 8, 203M/T(APE 37.0% and 23.7%, respectively).

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2023

We investigated the involvement of autophagy with steroidogenesis in testicular Leydig cells. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated T production in Leydig cells was not remarkably altered in the presence of an autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Although pretreatment with 3-MA demonstrated a tendency to decrease hCG-induced T production, the differences were significant only at a higher time point of 24 h following hCG. Microtubule associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-II was detectable in the control cells in all the experiments. The hCG-induced increase in steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and cytochrome P450 side chain cleave (P450scc) protein levels were not significantly altered by 3-MA. Leydig cells isolated from immature rat testes 12 h following hCG treatment showed relatively increased levels of LC3-II protein compared to the control group. Furthermore, LC3-II levels shown in these cells reached almost the identical to those from normal adult testes. However, LC3-II protein levels were almost comparable or even slightly lower than the controls at 48 h following hCG. Expression of StAR and P450scc was upregulated at both 12 and 48 h after hCG. We also used MA-10 cells, the mouse Leydig cell line, in this experiment. When dibutyryl cyclic-AMP was treated with MA-10 cells, P4 levels were significantly increased in the cell culture medium. However, P4 levels tended to decrease in the presence of 3-MA, but the difference was not statistically significant. This was consistent with the results of the rat Leydig cell experiments. Together, we believe that although autophagy participates in steroidogenesis and enhances steroidogenic efficacy of Leydig cells, it may not be a decisive cellular process for steroidogenesis, specifically in the mature Leydig cells.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.155-164
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• 1993

In this study the author had attempted to establish a correlation among alcohol use and MMPI and lunar cycle. MMPI was carried on 2, April 1992(the last day of the second lunar month) and 15, June 1992(the fifteenth day of the fifth lunar month). These experiments took male and female students who were in WON KWANG University as subjects. The results of it suggested the followings. 1) Drinkers and normal subjects average of T-score in each scales were in a normal scores. 2) In every scales except L,K,Si scales drinkers showed higher scores than normal subjects. There was a significant difference on L, F, Pd, Pa, Sc, Ma scales. 3) On the fifteenth day of the month, drinkers showed Higher T-Scores than normal subjects in every scales excepts L,K,Si scales. There was a significant difference in Ma scale. 4) On the last day of the month, drinkers showed higher T-scores than normal subjects in every scales except L,K,Mf,Si scales. There was a significant difference on L, F, Pd, Sc, Ma scales. 5) Drinkers showed higher than normal subjects in symptom of neurosis and psychosis. As the results of above, human character changes to some extend according to alcohol use. There is a tendency that repeated drinking of college students prone to change into habitual drinking or alcoholic impairment. So controlled drinking among the college students is highly recommended.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.62-82
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• 1997

If we eat long time foods that don't suit our constitution, health is broken and we take a disease. Therefore, care of foods and taking medicine by constitutional notion have a object that is normal control of constitution. It is attained when we maintain an adequate balance of Jang and Bu(臟腑) organs functional deflection. Theory of SaSang constitution by Lee-Jae Ma provides us a proper base of theory. But, later foods and drugs classified by constitution, that is suggestied by many scholars, is some different. Therefore, it is doubtful whether choice of foods and drugs suitable to constitution is right. If we use foods and drugs suitable to constitution exactly, we can decrease a side effect arisen from unsuitableness. On this, I study by literatures in order to provide foundational data. Lee-Jae Ma classified four species constitution, I compared twelve literatures by constitution, classified profit and harmful foods, and arranged and classify drugs that literature writer suggests in common. On base of this study, I suggest that foods and drugs classified by constitution is as follows. 1. Lee-Jae Ma made SaSang constitution medicine, but didn't suggestied use of foods, therefore, commoness of foods constitutional classification must be arranged. 2. Also commoness of drugs constitutional classification must be arranged. 3. Other literatures must be compared and analyzed except those of this study, because I didn't analyze many SaSang literatures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.261-279
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• 2005

The hot spot stress approach is usually adopted in the fatigue design and analysis of tubular welded joints. To apply the hot spot stress approach for fatigue evaluation of long span suspension bridges, the FEM is used to determine the hot spot stress of critical fatigue location. Using the local finite element models of the Tsing Ma Bridge, typical joints are developed and the stress concentration factors are determined. As a case for study, the calculated stress concentration factor is combined with the nominal representative stress block cycle to obtain the representative hot spot stress range cycle block under traffic loading from online health monitoring system. A comparison is made between the nominal stress approach and the hot spot stress approach for fatigue life evaluation of the Tsing Ma Bridge. The comparison result shows that the nominal stress approach cannot consider the most critical stress of the fatigue damage location and the hot spot stress approach is more appropriate for fatigue evaluation.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2010

국내에서 채집된 마름속 식물들을 동정한 결과, 열매가 대형인 Trapa bispinosa Roxb.가 확인되었다. Trapa bispinosa는 국내에서 마름(T. japonica Flerow)으로 동정되어 보고된 바 있으나, 마름속 식물의 중요 식별형질인 열매 형태와 크기에 대한 검토가 이루어지지 못하였다. 두 분류군의 열매에 대한 16개 정량형질을 조사하고, 이에 대한 주성분분석을 수행하였다. 열매 형질의 분석 결과, T. bispinosa는 마름에 비하여 열매의 너비와 두께가 크고, 열매의 뿔이 길고 비후된 특징을 가진다. 또한 전체 변이의 42.3%를 설명하는 주성분1에 의해서 마름과 뚜렷하게 구별되었다. 이번에 조사된 T. bispinosa는 마름과 구별되는 독립된 분류군으로 취급하는 것이 타당한 것으로 파악되며 일반명으로 '큰마름'을 부여하였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1995

The immune system is partially under the control of the sympathetic and parasymphathetic nervous systems through the regulatory feedback loop. Methamphetamine (MA) is a neurotoxic chemical which affects the neurotransmitter system. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunotoxic effect of MA on the major immune target organ and lymphocyte proliferation to the various mitogens. Female Balb/C mice, 15 to 20 g, were injected subcutaneously with 0, 0.5, or 5 mg MA/kg for 14 consecutive days. In MA treated mice, the body weight gain and relative spleen and thymus weight were decreased in doserelated manner. Histopathologically, there was a paucity of lymphold follicles and germinal centers in the spleen, and thymic cortical atrophy with lymphophagocytosis was prominent. Apoptosis also occurred in germinal centers of spleen and thymic cortex. The threshold and peak of lymphocyte proliferation at various concentration of mitogens showed similar patterns. However, the response to lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in the 5 mg MA/kg treated group showed threshold and peak proliferation at high concentration of mitogens (25${\mu}g$ LPS/ml for MA vs 15${\mu}g$ LPS/ml for control; 60${\mu}g$ PWM/ml for MA vs 45${\mu}g$ PWM/ml for control), which suggest that MA impairs T cell dependent-B cell function. This preliminary study indicated that MA affected the lymphold organs and immune function.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1995

Several populations of lymphocytes possess receptors for autonomic neurotransmitter, which make lymphocytes susceptible to autonomic stimulation. This study was to evaluate the functional alternation of effector cells of the immune system. Female Balb/C mice, 15-20 g, were injected with MA subcutaneously under various conditions. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) showed certain T cell subsets were affected by MA. The level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production was inhibited due to a defect in expression of the IL-2 receptor. In mice injected with 20 mg MA/kg, 1 day before assay, phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages showed $14.07\pm3%$, which was similar degree to 5 mg MA/kg treatment for 4 consecutive days. Phagocytosis was almost recovered to that of control after 4 day in 20 mg/kg injected mice. Maximum inhibition of plaque forming cell (PFC) occurred when MA was given early, indicating the inductive time point of antibody production was affected. The cortisol level increased in the MA treated group (0.05, 0.20, and $0.08{\mu}g$/dl for control, low, and high dose-MA treated mice, respectively). Based on these results, MA has general suppression effects on the immune systems by functional alteration of effector cells. Considering the increment of serum cortisol levels, MA partially impacts the neuroendocrine system to lead to failure of immune response.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2011

Neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) is a characteristic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. GSK3β has been reported to play a major role in the NFT formation of tau. Dysfunction of autophagy might facilitate the aggregate formation of tau. The present study examined the role of GSK3${\beta}$-mediated phosphorylation of tau species on their autophagic degradation. We transfected wild type tau (T4), caspase-3-cleaved tau at Asp421 (T4C3), or pseudophosphorylated tau at Ser396/Ser404 (T4-2EC) in the presence of active or enzyme-inactive GSK3${\beta}$. Trehalose and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were used to enhance or inhibit autophagic activity, respectively. All tau species showed increased accumulation with 3-MA treatment whereas reduced with trehalose, indicating that tau undergoes autophagic degradation. However, T4C3 and T4-2EC showed abundant formation of oligomers than T4. Active GSK3${\beta}$ in the presence of 3-MA resulted in significantly increased formation of insoluble tau aggregates. These results indicate that GSK3${\beta}$-mediated phosphorylation and compromised autophagic activity significantly contribute to tau aggregation.