• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.39-75
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to verify the general characteristics in the previous studies and the magnitude of the correlation between the learner's satisfaction and the academic achievement in the education and training program. To do this, we searched relevant literature from 2000 to 2016, and conducted a systematic review of the literature on the final 31 studies through the selection criteria and quality evaluation. Among them, 27 meta-analysis of the literature was conducted. The finding of the study were as follows. First, a total of 31 studies were conducted from 2000 to 2016, and more than half of them(16) were conducted for the last 4 years(2009~2012). In terms of education and training students, there are 18 college students, 9 workers, and 4 elementary students in order of study. In terms of methods, 15 collective education, 14 distance education, 2 blended education. In terms of learner's participation, 22 the general participation, 9 the active participation. Second, as a result of the meta-analysis, the magnitude of the correlation between satisfaction and achievement was moderate(ZCOR=.297, 95%: CI .210~.383). Third, as a result of verifying the difference in the magnitude of the correlation effect between satisfaction and achievement according to the characteristics of the education and training program, there was no difference between the groups in the student object and education method, but there was a difference in the magnitude of the correlation effect depending on the participant type(Q=15.40, df=1, p<.0001). The active participation showed a correlation effect size larger(ZCOR=.588, 95%: CI .422~.754). The effect size of the general participation was lower than the median(ZCOR=.211, 95%: CI .12 ~.300).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.278-289
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• 2021

The rapid aging of society has led to a surge in cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. As there is limited evidence for the development of dementia in medicine, a shift in focus on prevention strategies using bioactive compounds in food is required. This systematic review evaluated the effects of various bioactive compounds on age-associated cognitive decline. The literature was searched for terms related to bioactive compounds in cognitive decline and article selection was limited to clinical randomized controlled trials for a single bioactive compound. We identified 21 studies that evaluated the strength of the evidence. ω-3 fatty acids and vitamin B presented a strong evidence level, whereas vitamin D and E, anserine/carnosine, and chromium were defined as having moderate levels of evidence. ω-3 fatty acids relieved cognitive decline and reduced amyloid β-related protein accumulation. Vitamin B decreased homocysteine levels, which is accompanied by alleviation of cognitive function. In conclusion, ω-3 and vitamin B have the potential to improve age-associated cognitive decline.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to select and organize educational contents needed to achieve systematic education of Invention intellectual property in secondary vocational education and ultimately to provide basic data for development of national-level curriculum. For this, the study, based on literature research, selected and organized educational contents of Invention intellectual property and learning elements in secondary vocational education, which served as the first draft. Then, the study verified its validity through experts' meeting and prepared its final draft. The experts' meeting comprized three teachers engaged in education of Invention intellectual property, two researchers (including a professor) and one person in charge of intellectual property. This study had following findings. First, the first draft of selection and organization of educational contents of Invention intellectual property in secondary vocational education as per the literature research suggested nine subject and 39 educational contents. The result of validity analysis for the suggested first draft turned out to be generally valid at 4.4 on average. Opinions modified and added by the experts' meeting were 30 in total with 5 altered, 20 modified and 5 added. Second, the result of validity analysis of learning elements in educational contents by the subject turned out to be generally valid. Average validity by the subject was revealed as Basics of invention 4.4, General invention/patent 4.5, Invention & problem solving 4.3, General intellectual property 4.5, Invention & design 4.6, Particulars of patents 4.4, Patent drawings 4.5, Patent & own business 4.5. Third, the final draft of educational contents of Invention intellectual property in secondary vocational education selected and organized eight subjects and 40 educational contents. The finally-suggested subjects included Basics of invention, General invention/patent, Invention & problem solving, General intellectual property, Invention & design, Particulars of patents, Patent information, Patent & own business.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.131-152
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to find out the spatial characteristics of the relationships between urban large retailer and agro-food suppliers. For this purpose, Dong-A department store which is one of the most famous local distribution company was selected as a case study firm. The case study company has its own systematic food supply chain in the process of food procurement, selection, delivery, and marketing. It mainly does businesses in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province, but also procures and delivers products all around the country. Customers' recent concerns over the freshness and the period of circulation made the company use the local physical distribution system that it purchases products in nearby areas and perform procurement and delivery in nationwide areas. It is identified that trading types are significantly different by locations of suppliers in that more thin 40$\%$ of suppliers in Daegu are food manufacturers, whereas suppliers in Gyeongbuk mainly belong to the ones in fresh food production areas. In terms of durability of the retailer-supplier relation, the case study firm has relatively long-term relationship with suppliers, maintaining the relationship fer over 5 years in more than 70$\%$ of suppliers.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.96-106
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• 2008

The Korean Construction Industry significantly contributed to the Korean economic development not only by preparing the domestic infrastructure but also by successfully conducting various international projects. However, major incidents such as the collapse of Sung-Su Bridge and Sam-Pung Department Store along with stagnation of Korean Economy have raised questions about underlying systematic problems of the Korean Construction Industry. As a solution to resurrect the Korean Construction Industry, the Construction Management (CM) system introduced in late 1990's and increasingly utilized as an innovative delivery system. Despite of the fast growth of CM, the performance of CM has not been up to the hype and low CM fee has been identified as one of the main reasons of unsatisfactory CM performance. Therefore, this research attempted to propose ways of improving 'CM Fee Guidelines' published by Korean Ministry of Construction and Transportation by conducting a benchmarking study on Global Standards of estimating CM Fee. International organizations benchmarked in this research include CMAA, ASCE, DOL, DOE, etc. Various investigation and analysis revealed that Korean 'CM Fee Guidelines' need to significantly modified comparing to Global Standards. This research also tried to prepare recommendations to improve the CM deliver system focusing on the 'Method of CM Fee Estimation' and Selection of a CM firm as an owner's agent.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.4689-4695
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• 2014

Background: A great number of studies have shown that cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) genetic polymorphisms, CYP1A1 Msp I and CYP1A1 Ile/Val, might be risk factors for digestive tract cancers, including esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), hepatic carcinoma (HC), as well as colorectal cancer (CC), but the results are controversial. In this study, a meta-analysis of this literature aimed to clarify associations of CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms with digestive tract cancers susceptibility in Chinese populations. Materials and Methods: Eligible case-control studies published until December 2013 were retrieved by systematic literature searches from PubMed, Embase, CBM, CNKI and other Chinese databases by two investigators independently. The associated literature was acquired through deliberate search and selection based on established inclusion criteria. Fixed-effects or random-effects models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs and 95%CIs). The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.2 and Stata 12.0 softwares with stability evaluated by both stratified and sensitivity analyses. Moreover, sensitivity analysis and publication bias diagnostics confirmed the reliability and stability. Results: Eighteen case-control studies with 1,747 cases and 2,923 controls were selected for CYP1A1 MspI polymorphisms, and twenty case-control studies with 3, 790 cases and 4, 907 controls for the CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphisms. Correlation associations between CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphisms and digestive tract cancers susceptibility were observed in four genetic models in the meta-analysis (GG vs AA:OR= 2.03, 95%CI =1.52- 2.72; AG vs AA: OR=1.26, 95%CI =1.07-1.48; [GG+AG vs AA] :OR =1.42, 95%CI=1.20-1.68, [GG vs AA+AG]:OR=1.80, 95%CI =1.40-2.31). There was no association between CYP1A1 Msp I polymorphisms and digestive tract cancers risk. Subgroup analysis for tumor type showed a significant association of CYP1A1 Ile/Val genetic polymorphisms with EC in China. However, available data collected by the study failed to reveal remarkable associations of GC or HC with CYP1A1 Ile/Val genetic polymorphisms and EC, GC or CC with CYP1A1 MspI genetic polymorphisms. Conclusions: Our results indicated that CYP1A1 Ile/Val genetic polymorphisms, but not CYP1A1 Msp I polymorphisms, are associated with an increased digestive tract cancers risk in Chinese populations. Additional well-designed studies, with larger sample size, focusing on different ethnicities and cancer types are now warranted to validate this finding.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.228-229
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• 1997

1 Intonation is important. It cannot be ignored. To convince students of the importance of intonation, we can use sentences with two very different interpretations according to intonation. Example: "I thought it would rain" with a fallon "rain" means it did not rain, but with a fall on "thought" and a rise on "rain" it means that it did rain. 2 Although complex, intonation is structured. For both teacher and student, the big job of tackling intonation is made simpler by remembering that intonation can be analysed into systems and units. There are three main systems in English intonation: Tonality (division into phrases) Tonicity (selection of accented syllables) Tone (the choice of pitch movements) Examples: Tonality: My brother who lives in London is a doctor. Tonicity: Hello. How ARE you. Hello. How are YOU. Tone: Ways to say "Thank you" 3 In deciding what to teach, we must distinguish what is universal from what is specifically English. This is where contrastive studies of intonation are very valuable. Usually, for instance, division into phrases (tonality) works in broadly similar ways across languages. Some uses of pitch are also similar across languages - for example, very high pitch may signal excitement or urgency. 4 Although most people think that intonation is mainly about pitch (the tone system), actually accent placement (tonicity) is probably the single most important aspect of English intonation. This is because it is connected with information focus, and the effects on interpretation are very clear-cut. Example: They asked for coffee, so I made them coffee. (The second occurrence of "coffee" must not be accented). 5 Ear-training is the beginning of intonation training in the VeL approach. First, students learn to identify fall vs rise vs fall-rise. To begin with, single words are used, then phrases and sentences. When learning tones, the fIrst words used should have unstressed syllables after the stressed syllable (Saturday) to make the pitch movement clearer. 6 In production drills, the fIrst thing is to establish simple neutral patterns. There should be no drama or really special meanings. Simple drills can be used to teach important patterns: Example: A: Peter likes football B: Yes JOHN likes football TOO A: Mary rides a bike B: Yes JENny rides a bike TOO 7 The teacher must be systematic and let learners KNOW what they are learning. It is no good using new patterns and hoping that students will "pick them up" without noticing. 8 Visual feedback of fundamental frequency with a computer display can help students learn correct patterns. The teacher can use the display to demonstrate patterns, or students can practise by themselves, imitating recorded models.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.2 no.2 s.6
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• pp.68-80
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• 2001

While opportunities for international construction firms have been growing with globalization, the risk of international construction projects is significantly increasing in severity and complexity. However, the traditional risk management approach in the construction industry has maintained a profit focus. In addition, this approach has not considered the overall risk at the corporate level, but rather has focused only on the risk of individuals at the project level. Corporate risk management should be implemented from the initial stages of new project selection. This paper suggests the Multi-criteria Integrated Systematic Analysis as a strategic decision-making tool for international construction contractors. The model integrates the multi-criteria of risk, return, and efficiency to choose the optimal set of new portfolios at the corporate level. This model also introduces the Value at Risk (VaR) concept to the international construction industry to present the total risk at the corporate level. To validate this model, this paper tested an experimental case study using the historical data of a global general contractor.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.499-509
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• 2017

Recently, there has been increased attention to the development of new plant cultivars with enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. To develop ginseng cultivars with such traits, systematic breeding programs and comprehensive field studies are prerequisites. In this study, we applied a pure-line selection method to identify a ginseng cultivar with enhanced stress resistance. Phenotypic and agronomic characteristics, seed yield, and physiological responses to biotic and abiotic stresses were investigated according to the guidelines of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). In the newly developed 'Kowon' cultivar, the time of emergence, flowering, and berry maturity were intermediate between those of the controls, 'Yunpoong' and 'Chunpoong'. The stem length of 'Kowon' was intermediate, whereas the root length was shorter and the main root diameter was greater than those of 'Chunpoong'. In local adaptability tests conducted in three regions, the yield of 'Kowon' was $666kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$; 27% and 4% higher than that of 'Chunpoong' and 'Yunpoong'. Diseases such as Alternaria blight, Phytophthora blight, mulberry mealybug, and nematode infestation did not occur in 'Kowon'; and it also exhibited moderate resistance to damping-off and anthracnose. In these cases, yellow spots occurred on aerial parts and the rusty skin of the root, and it exhibited moderate resistance at high temperatures. Our study demonstrates that 'Kowon', which has a high root weight and enhanced biotic/abiotic stress resistance, is a superior cultivar that could increase farmers' income.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.326-335
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• 2015

Citrus is an economically important fruit tree with the largest amount of fruit production in the world. It provides important nutrition such as vitamin C and other health-promoting compounds including its unique flavonoids for human health. However, it is classified into the most difficult crops to develop new cultivars through conventional breeding approaches due to its long juvenility and some unique reproductive biological features such as gamete sterility, nucellar embryony, and high level of heterozygosity. Due to global warming and changes in consumer trends, establishing a systematic and efficient breeding programs is highly required for sustainable production of high quality fruits and diversification of cultivars. Recently, reference genome sequences of sweet orange and clementine mandarin have been released. Based on the reference whole-genome sequences, comparative genomics, reference-guided resequencing, and genotyping-by-sequencing for various citrus cultivars and crosses could be performed for the advance of functional genomics and development of traits-related molecular markers. In addition, a full understanding of gene function and gene co-expression networks can be provided through combined analysis of various transcriptome data. Analytic information on whole-genome and transcriptome will provide massive data on polymorphic molecular markers such as SNP, INDEL, and SSR, suggesting that it is possible to construct integrated maps and high-density genetic maps as well as physical maps. In the near future, integrated maps will be useful for map-based precise cloning of genes that are specific to citrus with major agronomic traits to facilitate rapid and efficient marker-assisted selection.