• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

PURPOSE: To summarize the evaluation tools of balance [Berg Balance Scale (BBS), timed up and Go (TUG), forward reaching test (FRT)], gait [6 m walking Test (6MWT)], and strength [Chair Stand Test (CST)] for patients with dementia. METHODS: The following databases were searched: Pub MED, Cochrane, Sciences Direct, and Web of Sciences. The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) repeated measurement design, 2) subjects with dementia, 3) use of testing tools such as the BBS, TUG, FRT, 6MWT, and CST, 4) report the reliability. One reviewer performed the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy study and two evaluators performed data extraction independently. RESULTS: Six articles and one letter were included. The interrater reliability of 6MWT, TUG, and CST, were acceptable (ICC>.90). However, FRT had unacceptable reliability. In test-retest reliability, only BBS has acceptable reliability (ICC>.90). Others had various reliabilities. The risk of interrater reliability bias was low in all studies. However, the risk of bias of intrarater reliability was low in five studies and moderate in two studies. CONCLUSION: The interrater reliability of the 6MWT, TUG, and CST were acceptable. However, in test-retest reliability, only BBS has acceptable reliability. Therefore, we suggest the use of BBS to test the balance of dementia patients. In addition, the study of tool reliability according to the subtype of dementia is needed in the future.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2015

Objectives : This study aims to evaluate current clinical evidence of traditional Korean medicine treatment on wrist pain with carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods : Ten Korean databases were searched for prospective clinical trials of traditional Korean medicine therapy on wrist pain with carpal tunnel syndrome from the time of their inception to February, 2015. Studies conducted in Korean, Chinese and English were searched. Risk of bias in included non-randomized controlled trials was assessed by the Cochrane handbook procedure. Results : Four non-randomized controlled trials were included. A high risk of bias was observed in all trials. All of the included studies reported favorable effects being experienced by an intervention group compared to a baseline or control group. Included studies never described any occurrence of adverse events. Conclusions : There is no evidence that traditional Korean medicine treatments are effective for treating wrist pain associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. All of the included studies lacked appropriate methodological qualities and internal validity. Future well-designed clinical trials that evaluate the effects and safety of traditional Korean medicine treatment for patients with carpal tunnel syndrome are needed.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2018

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of Tai-chi in treatinglow back pain. Methods: We searched 9 electronic databases(Pubmed, CAJ, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, KISS, KISTI, NDSL, and RISS) till April 2018 and included randomized controlled trials(RCTs) that used Tai-chi for lower back pain treatment. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed usingthe Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: As per the inclusion criteria, 5 RCTswere found to be eligible for our review. These studies were divided into 4 groups and meta-analysis was performed. The meta-analysis of 1 study showed favorable results regardingthe use of Tai-chi. Twostudies showed favorable results regardingthe use of Tai-chi with Tuina rather than Tuina alone. All studies were observed to have a high risk of bias. Conclusions: There is limited evidence available to support the effectiveness of Tai-chi in relieving low back pain;hence, additionalwell-designed RCTs should be encouraged for better evidence.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.10-21
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of exercise program on recovery of functional and quality of life in breast cancer patients through systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Methods: The following databases were used to search the literature: RISS, KISS, KMbase, and KoreaMed. Keywords included 'breast cancer', 'mastectomy' 'exercise', 'rehabilitation', 'intervention' and the evaluated articles were published from 2009 to 2018. The statistical was used R program, the effect size of shoulder functionality, grip strength, upper limb, pain and QOL were calculated by random-effects model. Results: 7 RCT studies were meta-analyzed and were evaluated for the risk of bias by the RoB of Cochrane Collaboration; the overall risk of bias was low. The effect sizes of exercise program was flexion (g=1.11), abduction (g=0.97) as indicated by a "large effect size". Conclusion: It is necessary to study the develop and apply a exercise programs to improve the function and quality of life in breast cancer patients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.90-100
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and efficacy of low level laser. Methods : We searched 11 electronic databases(Pubmed, CAJ, EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane Library, KMBASE, KISS, KISTI, NDSL, RISS, Oasis) up to March 2019. We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs) using low level laser for alopecia. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results : 8 RCT studies were eligible in our review. The meta-analysis of 2 studies showed favorable results for the use of low level laser with minoxidil 5% than minoxidil 5% and 6 studies showed favorable results for the use of low level laser than placebo light. The results of meta-analysis showed that low-level laser has an efficacy on alopecia. There were no serious side effects or adverse effects. High risk of bias were observed in all studies. Conclusion : Now limited evidence is available to support low level laser for alopecia and further well-designed RCTs should be encouraged.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.162-173
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this review was to overview and evaluate the efficacy of acupoint sticking therapy for women with endometriosis. Methods: We searched for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) using acupoint sticking therapy on endometriosis in 5 electronic databases such as EMBASE, Pubmed, and CAJ. The results of the studies were analyzed and the risk of bias was assessed by using Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: Two RCTs were included for analysis. In the selected studies, Treatment group was higher effective cure rate than any control group. In one RCT, Acupoint sticking therapy was only used, but the other RCT was treated acupoint sticking therapy combined with acupuncture. So, Interventions in 2 studies were not same, Quantitative synthesis was impossible. Conclusion: The limitation of this review is that the number of studies included is small. However, our systematic review provides a basis for acupoint sticking therapy for endometriosis. Acupoint sticking therapy was considered as one of external treatment method for patients with endometriosis.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of Chuna manual therapy (CMT) for postpartum hypogalactia. Methods Using nine electronic databases, we selected 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that applied CMT for postpartum hypogalactia and conducted a meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results Meta-analysis showed statistically significant results for CMT in terms of effective rate and breast filling degree compared to the other treatment groups (p<0.05). Conclusions Our study showed clinical evidence of CMT efficacy for postpartum hypogalactia. Further studies are required to support our findings.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.27.3-27.3
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• 2021

Supernova (SN) cosmology is based on the assumption that the width-luminosity relation (WLR) in the type Ia SN luminosity standardization would not vary with progenitor age. Unlike this expectation, recent age datings of stellar populations in host galaxies have shown significant correlations between progenitor age and Hubble residual (HR). It was not clear, however, how this correlation arises from the SN luminosity standardization process, and how this would impact the cosmological result. Here we show that this correlation originates from a strong progenitor age dependence of the WLR and color-luminosity relation (CLR), in the sense that SNe from younger progenitors are fainter each at given light-curve parameters x1 and c. This is reminiscent of Baade's discovery of two Cepheid period-luminosity relations, and, as such, causes a serious systematic bias with redshift in SN cosmology. We illustrate that the differences between the high-z and low-z SNe in the WLR and CLR, and in HR after the standardization, are fully comparable to those between the correspondingly young and old SNe at intermediate redshift, indicating that the observed dimming of SNe with redshift is most likely an artifact of over-correction in the luminosity standardization. When this systematic bias with redshift is properly taken into account, there is no evidence left for an accelerating universe, and the SN data now support a decelerating cosmic expansion. Since the SN cosmology has long been considered as the most direct evidence for an accelerating universe with dark energy, this finding poses a serious question to one of the cornerstones of the concordance model.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to overview and evaluate the effectiveness of acupoint catgut embedding for climacteric hot flush. Methods: We searched articles from CNKI, Pubmed CENTRAL, Koreantk, Oasis online databases. After searching the articles, we performed quality assessment using Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) tools. Results: Among the 20 articles were searched, one radomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) was selected. 1 Study showed that Acupoint catgut embedding treatment has significant effect on climacteric hot flush in terms of the effectiveness rate. Conclusions: This study found encouraging but limited evidence of aupoint catgut embedding theragpy for climacteric hot flush.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.49.1-49.1
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• 2011

Utilizing single-epoch spectra and the empirical relation between the size of the broad-line region and AGN continuum luminosity, the so-called single-epoch method has been widely used for estimating AGN black hole masses. However, the systematic uncertainties and the potential biases of this method are not well examined. Taking the full advantage of the high-quality homogeneous spectra from the Lick AGN Monitoring Project (LAMP), we investigate in detail the uncertainties of single-epoch mass estimates by comparing with the reverberation-mapping results. We find that the uncertainty due to AGN variability is less than 0.1 dex, while there is a systematic offset between single-epoch masses and reverberation masses. Particularly, narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies show that the Hbeta line widths measured from single-epoch (or mean) spectra are systematically larger than those from rms spectra, indicating a potential bias of single-epoch masses. We will present the detailed measurement method, the test of virial assumption, and the systematic uncertainties.