• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.171-182
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• 1999

The Myeonbongsan caldera, 10.2X8.0 km, developed within older sequences of sedimentary formations and intermediate composition volcanis in the southern Cheongsong area. Volcanic rocks in the caldera block include lower intermediate volcanics, middle tuffaceous sequences and upper silicic ones. The silicic volcanics, which is named Myeonbongsan Tuff, are composed of crystal-rich ash-flow tuff(300 m) , bedded tuff(30 m) and pumice-rich ash-flow tuff(700 m) in ascending order. Several intrusions dominate the early sequences within the caldera. The caldera collapsed in a trapdoor type when silicic ash-flow tuffs erupted fro major vent area in the caldera. Normal faulting along a ring fault system except the southwestern part dropped the tuffs down to the northrase with a maximum displacement of about 820 m. The Myeonbongsan Tuff is just about 1,030 m thick inside the northeastern caldera, with its base not exposed, and southwestward thinning down. Rhyolitic plug and ring dikes are emplaced along the central vent and the caldera margins, and the ring dikes are cut by plutonic stocks in the southeastern and northwestern parts. The caldera volcanism eviscerated the magma chamber by a series of explosive eruptions during which silicic magma was erupted to form the Myeonbongsan Tuff. Following the last ash-flow eruption, collapse of the chamber roof resulted in the formation of the Myeonbongsan caldera, a subcircular trapdoor-type depression subsiding about 820 m deep. After the collapse, stony to flow-banded rhyolites were emplaced as circular plugs and ring dikes along the central vent and the caldera margins respectively. Finally after the intrusions, another plutons were emplaced as stocks outside the caldera.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.161-177
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• 2015

Currently, the influence of the Internet portal sites that can make it quick and easy to contact the vast amount of information is increasing. Users can connect the Internet through a portal to obtain information, such as communication between Internet users, which can be used to meet a variety of purposes. People are exposed to a variety of information from other users in the search for a movie and get information. The impact on the reviews and ratings with the limited number of characters of the film allows users to form a relationship to the movie, decide whether you want to see the movie or find another movie. but, the user can not read the whole movie review. When user see the overall evaluation, the user can receive the correct information. This research conducted a study on the prediction of the rating by the use of review data. Information of reviews, is divided into two main areas: the"fact" and "opinion". "Fact" is to convey the dispassionate information and "Opinion" is, to represent the user's feelings. In this study, we built sentiment dictionary based on the assessment and evaluation of the online review and applied to evaluate other movies. In the comparative study with a simple emotion evaluation technique, we found the suggested algorithm got the more accurate results.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.74-90
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• 2012

This thesis analyzes the Apple Inc.'s case from the viewpoint of the necessity for the protection of information privacy related to location data as for information society and ubiquitous community. Meanwhile, the regulatory conformity to equilibrium of contradictional value between personal data protection and utilization of information is debated from the fundamental right as for constitutional law concept to the commercial and technological structure in terms of economic and business point. Therefore, this paper reaches the conclusion that the legislative system should form a harmonious relationship between legal protection and lawful utilization to reappraise the present condition of legalization on personal data protection from guaranteeing rights and interests of information subject in the perspective of human rights to information guarantee consequently. As a result, it is required to revaluate the lawfulness of the fine on the violation of administrative duty levied by KCC(Korea Communications Commission).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.347-354
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• 2013

Innate immunity is the ability to differentiate infectious agents from self. The innate immune system is comprised of a complicated network of recognition and effector molecules that act together to protect the host in the early stage of an infectious challenge. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL or mannose-binding protein, MBP) belongs to the family of $Ca^{2+}$-dependent lectins (C-type lectin with a collagen-like domain), which are considered an important component of innate immunity. While it is associated with increased risk and severity of infections and autoimmunity, the most frequent immuno-deficiency syndrome was reported to be low MBL level in blood. Deficiency of human MBL is caused by mutations in the coding region of the MBL gene. Rat homologue gene of human MBL gene was used to study functions of wild type and mutant MBL proteins. Although extensive studies have yielded the structural information of MBL, the functions of MBL, especially mutant MBL, still require investigation. We previously reported the cloning of rat wild-type MBL gene and the production of a truncated form of MBL protein and its antibody. Here, we present the cloning of mutant MBL cDNA in collagen-like domain (R40C, G42D, and G45E) using site-directed mutagenesis and differential behaviors of wild type and mutant MBL in cells. The major difference between wild type and mutant MBL was that while wild type MBL was secreted, mutant MBL was inhibited for secretion, retained in endoplasmic reticulum, and still functioned as a lectin.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2002

First, during Jin and Sui dynasty, It is possible that the theory of the contraindications of needling according to whereabouts of the self-guarding energy and demon, affected considerably to the practise of acupuncture and moxibustion, but the detailed situations are unknown. Only, there are some records of the process about circulation of the self-guarding energy and demon by a periodicity of 30 days in the "The prescriptions of Fan-Wang" by Fan-Wang in Jin dynasty and "Hua Tuo Fa" by a nameless person. But the theory differs form the theory of "Huang Di Xia Mo Jing" in some respect. Also, there is the contraindications of needling to abscesses according to whereabouts of the self-guarding energy and demon by every year in the "Liu Juan Zi Gui Yi Fang". but the book has no specific rule in use. Second, during Tang dynasty there were a vasty development on the contraindications of needling according to whereabouts of the self-guarding energy and demon. In the medical works in Tang dynasty, the contents of the contraindications of needling are included in various periodicities and directions such as 12 regions according to the year, 9 regions according to the year, 9 palaces in the body according to the year, whereabouts of the self-guarding energy and demon according the four seasons, every 10 days, every 12 days, every 30 days, and every dozen hours. Also, during Tang dynasty period, the contraindications of needling according to whereabouts of the self-guarding energy and demon were formulated through several adjustments and modifications by many medical scholars. Third, the period between Jin and Tang dynasty, because of historical situations, the documentary data are insufficient in the study of the recommendations and contraindications on the acupuncture, moxibution, and herb medicine according to the specific days and times. And the detailed informations are unknown. Only but once in Tang dynasty the considerable and theoretical adjustments were performed in the "Qian Jin Yao Fang". In Song dynasty, there were also much theoretical fluctuations in the study of the choice of the favorable or the injurious days and times or directions in the acupuncture, moxibustion and the prescription and processing of herbs. Fourth, contraindications on the acupuncture, moxibution, and herb medicine did not include acute and serious disease among the effect province, only include chronic and not serious disease. If the doctors had treated a surgical patients and abscess patients with deeply attached contraindications on the acupuncture, moxibution, and herb medicine, the patients would have became more serious. So the theory was not used for treatment by doctor.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.75-97
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• 2015

Recently public institutions' debt is growing therefore it became an important issue to the level that the government concerns about the possibility of financial burden to reduce the debt. Especially debt of public enterprises in metropolitan areas was in a serious state where debt in late 2013 was 43.2 trillion, which takes approx. 58.4% of 73.9 trillion of debt of all local public enterprises. Sound financial state of local public enterprises is important to public enterprises in metropolitan areas and it may affect seriously financial stability of local governments when public enterprises have financial problems. However, land supply business to form local industrial complexes or local demand for development of public rental housing business always exist; and vitalizing local economy and creating jobs through these businesses are very necessary to develop the areas. However, for local economic development, industirial land business and public rental housing business are needed. In this study, Gwangju Metropolitan City Corporation Ltd is used as a case study to evaluate the local public financial soundness via debt management assessment i.e.(using) the feasibility analysis in the urban development and housing development. As an improvement measure following the result of analysis, for the enhancement of financial soundness of urban innovation corporation, the government and local government shall evaluate and differentiate market demand, price competitiveness, and infrastructure of new town land development project to improve accuracy of project feasibility analysis. Another important insight is that there should be local government-centered management of liabilities of the local government and local public enterprises with the integrated liability management system to reduce the liability of the corporation and solve the issue of debts for local government. This study is significant in that it has analyzed cases from the theoretical aspect to secure financial soundness of national and local public enterprises.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.601-607
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• 1992

In order to investigate the liver damage and hepatic protective systems in cadmium(Dd) administered rats, five different levels of Cd were injected intraperitoneally to male rats of sprague-Dawley strains weighing $250{\pm}15g.$ Levels of daily Cd administration were 0(control), 0.625(A), 1.25(B), 2.5(C) and 5mg(D)/kg of body weight and single inhection per day was done for consecutive two days. With increasing Cd dosed, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities were increased. And at the same time, hepatic reduced glutathione contents were decreased, whereas the levels of oxidized form were increased. Liver lipid peroxide levels of A, B, C and D groups were 1.1, 1.5, 1.8 activities and vitamin E contents were progressively reduced in accordance with the increase in Cd dose. However, liver superoxide dismutase activities were not different between control and A group although it was higher in B and lower in C and D groups compared with control.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.11 no.1 s.24
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• pp.21-28
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• 2003

This study was aimed at suggest a proper planning method to select a optimal forest road network in mountains forest using GIS(Geographic Information System). To examine the field applicability, the method was applied to the National Forest at Mt. Kumsan in Namhae-gun, Gyungsangnam-do. The main results from altogether six alternative road route plans were derived from these criteria obtained the alternative route plan No.2 has two layout criteria, longitudinal gradient and earth work volume, and it showed similar pattern of existing forest road network which was designed mainly ground slope and longitudinal gradient. The alternative route plan No.6 has four criteria, longitudinal gradient, earth work volume, investment effect and landscape impact. It was different for the lowest forest road density among the alternatives and the pattern of the forest road layout was radial form, which was also quite different to other alternatives. For optimal forest road network planning, GIS provide the efficient and resonable solutions for decision making to provide the support for evaluation about various alternative road networks. If detailed inventory and relevant data are provided and also clear and objective indicators for evaluations are set up, it could be applied to preliminary analysis and detail planning stage to prevent undesirable effect such the land slide and soil erosion due to inadequate planning for forest road network.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.271-298
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• 1998

During these days of new understanding, western medicine has developed remarkably and a revaluation of traditional medicine has been achieved. This appears to have resulted from the sound criticisms of what western medicine has achieved up to now; excessive subdivisions of clinical medicine, severe toxicity of chemical drugs, lack of understanding about patients complaints which cannot be understood objectively, and etc. It is thought that the role of traditional medicine will be more important in the future than it is now. Someone said that the research methods of traditional medicine depends on the way of experimental science too much. That there was no consideration of a system for traditional medicine and the critic also went so far as to assert that in some cases the characteristics of eastern ideas is to permit irrationalism itself. In view of this thinking, the term traditional medicine seems to have been used somewhat too vaguely. However, traditional medicine is a medical treatment which has existed since before the appearance of modern medicine and it was formed from a traditional culture with a long history. One form of traditional medicine, oriental medicine based upon ancient Chinese medicine, was received in such countries as Korea, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, Tibet, and Mongolia. Oriental medicine then developed in accordance with its own environment, race, national characteristics, and history. Although there are some simultaneous differences between them, three nations in Eastern Asia; Korea, Japan, and China, have especially similar features in their clinical prescriptions and medical literature. These three nations are trying to understand each others unique traditional medicines through numerous exchanges. Even though many differences in their ways of studying have developed over history exist, recent academic discussions have been made to explore new ways into oriental medicine. Therefore a comparative study of oriental medicine has gradually been thought to be more important. In Korea the formation of a new future-oriented paradigm for oriental medicine is being demanded. The purpose of the new paradigm is to create a new recognition of traditional culture which creates an understanding of oriental medicine to replace the diminished understanding of oriental medicine that was brought about by the self-denial of traditional culture in modem history and cultural collisions between oriental and occidental points of view. Therefore, to make a new paradigm for oriental medicine which is suitable for these days, and fortifies the merit of oriental medicine while compensating its defects, the author has compared the characteristics of oriental medicines in Korea, Japan, and China. The conclusions of this research are as follows: 1. The fundamental differences of the traditional medicines of these three nations are caused by the differences in the systems of Naekyung and Sanghannon. 2. The pattern-identification of illnesses is generally divided into two categories; the pattern identification of Zang-Fu and the pattern identification of prescription. 3. There are many differences in the definition of terms, such as Yin and Yang, Deficiency and Excess, and etc. 4. Chinese traditional medicine has some new concepts about pattern identification and epidemic febrile disease. 5. Japanese traditional medicine has some characteristics about pattern identification of the whole bodys condition and signs of abdominal palpation. 6. In terms of the effects of herbal drugs, Chinese traditional medicine attaches great importance to the experiential efficacy of the herb, and Japanese traditional medicine is taking a serious view of the effects of experimental medical actions.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.554-566
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• 2018

The rice husk contains nutrients which can be easily utilized by microorganisms, and also has a water retaining ability, which played a crucial part in enabling it to become a biofilter media. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of rice husk pellet bio-scrubber as a microbiological carrier. The pelletization experiment of rice husk as a biological media was performed using PVA and EVA binder. Also, the feasibility tests of rice husk as a biological media for odor removal were carried out in order to know whether rice-husk contains useful components as a media for microbiological growth or not. Lastly, a combined test for odor gas absorption and biological oxidation was conducted using a lab scale bio-filter set-up packed with rice-husk pellets as wet-scrubber. The major components of the rice husk were carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, while carbon acted as the main ingredient which comprised up to 23.00%. The C : N : P ratio was calculated as 45 : 1 : 2. Oxygen uptake rate, yield and decay rate of the rice husk eluent was calculated to be $0.0049mgO_2/L/sec$, 0.24 mgSS/mgCOD and 0.004 respectively. The most stable form of rice husk pellets was produced when the weight of the rice husk, EVAc, PVAc, and distilled water was 10 : 2 : 0.2 : 10. The prepared rice husk pellets had an apparent density of 368 g/L and a porosity of 59.00% upon filling. Dry rice husks showed high adsorption capacity for ammonia gas but low adsorption capacity for hydrogen sulfide. The bio-filter odor removal column filled with rice husk pellets showed more than 99.50% removal efficiency for NH3 and H2S gas. Through the analysis of circulation water, the prime removal mechanism is assumed to be the dissolution by water, microbial nitrification, and sulfation. Finally, it was confirmed that the microorganisms could survive well on the rice husk pellets, which provided them a stable supply of nutrients for their activity in this long-term experiment. This adequate supply of nutrients from the rice husk enabled high removal efficiency by the microorganisms.