• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.529-537
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to manufacture the soluble micro-fiber and to synthesize low melting polymer for the interior fabric not to use the polyurethane resin causing some problems. Low melting polyester for weft yarn was introduced by adding 30-40 mol% ratio of isophthalic acid to a main chain of polyethylene terephthalate to decrease the melting temperature up to heat setting temperature. Micro-fiber for warp yarn consisted of both soluble and insoluble components with multi-layered structure. When the soluble micro-fiber was treated by alkaline hydrolysis with 3-5% concentration of NaOH, it showed the turning point at 28% weight loss since soluble polyester was hydrolyzed approximate five times faster than regular polyester.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.806-821
• /
• 2000

Each and everything named fashion together with clothes were limited in the boundary of women and men's wear has been slow and narrow in changing speed compared to women's, even there are some differences in accordance time. But maintaining the basic features, men's wear in the latter 20th century has undergone diverse change in the part of materials such as various synthetic fiber, glass, metal, artificial leather and the see-through fabric able to seeing the body wearing the clothes. Therefore, the aim and definition of this study is to present the systematic framework giving help to develop men's wear design newer and more various by considering moulding of materials which existing men's wear could not show up and by grasping material trend of men's clothes in 1990s. The results of the study were summarized as follows : (1) Material containing lustering is categorized as Velvet, Silk, Lustering materials by synthetic fiber and Lustering materials by additional substance. The Velvet generally acknowledged having something to feel womanly image shows the bisexual character coexisting feature of men and women after grafting with men'fashion. The Silk was endowed the role as means of pleasure to express beyond boundary of sex breaking the existing consciousness which men should wear male clothes, not considering differences between men and women. The lustering made by synthetic fiber expressed modern sensitivity aesthetically to the suit. The lustering materials made by additional substance is seen mixed masculine character with womanly character. (2) See-through materials are acknowledged as decadence beauty caused by expanding subjective awareness in beauty. (3) Materials by the sorts of Net is categorized as Lace, Knit The Lace expression seemed to emphases the human liberation of men and women and the humanity from liberation of subjecthood. The Knit can be felt both woman's image and man's image as bisexual image, not raising only one side sex. (4) Elastic materials offered the opportunity to approve exposure in a time when exposure of men's body was not granted ethically. (5) Leather was shown as indication of social status and inferiority and expression of collective resistance against sexual stagnation of men and women.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 2020

Shaving dust is a collagen fiber that is the leather waste occurred for thickness adjustment during the natural leather manufacturing process, and causes problems such as an environmental contamination because of a chromium (Cr) contained when it comes to reclaiming process. Various studies applying the shaving dust are currently being conducted in many countries across the world with an initiative by the EU. Of those applications, the bonded leather is being highlighted as a substitute for natural leather. Since the bonded leather, however, uses latex as a binder, accordingly it entails a high weight and a poor ventilation, which are deemed as disadvantages due to its dense internal tissues compared to other synthetic leathers. To address such disadvantages, this study employed the thermally expandable micro sphere to improve its air permeability and light weight by alleviating the internal structure. This is a study on the manufacturing of light bonded leather using the shaving dusts. In the study, the shaving dusts were forced to foam under 100~120℃ considering the heat resistance of collagen fiber after applying the thermally expandable micro sphere, and then the tendency was analyzed. In the analysis results, the most excellent foaming rate was exhibited when the shaving dusts were treated under 120℃ for 8 minutes and the variation of internal structure according to a foaming was observed through SEM analysis for the cross-section of the bonded leather.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.82-90
• /
• 2009

This research was made to manufacture the fabric for interior uses by spinning a low melting mono 4 denier PET staple fiber with a soluble 1.4 denier fine PET fiber. The blended yarn has a thickness ranging from 10's to 14's, and the soluble PET fine fiber was dissolved to make a pore in the polymer. Thereby a snap property was decreased and a resilience property was improved to be suitable for a functional synthetic leather. In order to attain the optimum condition, a mechanical property according to fineness, and mixing ratio of low melting polymer, warp density, weft density and blending ratio, and a heat contraction ratio according to blending ratio were experimented. The warp density, 220 T/inch of fine denier PET and the weft density, 64 T/inch of thick denier PET were generated to 4/4 both twill weave fabric having constant tensile property and thickness.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.80-90
• /
• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the correlation of urinary NMF concentration in workers exposed to DMF and concentration of DMF in the workplace. Samples were collected in workers exposed to high dose solvent in the synthetic leather factory by using silicagel tubes for 5-15 minutes, and were analyzed by GC. Geometric mean concentrations of DMF in the workplaces were 4.67 ppm in normal operation and 63.95 ppm in high exposure operation. The concentration of case uppers and machine cleaning process were more than 100 ppm in short time. The correlation of urinary NMF in workers and DMF in workplace was statistically significant in normal operation and high exposure operation. Correlation coefficient are 0.215(p<0.05) and 0.263(p<0.05). The result implied that STEL of DMF should be established in normal operation processes as well as high exposure operation processes.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.64-72
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the changing fashion image of the glossy materials including metal, leather, vinyl, latex, plastic etc. from 1960's to the present. Glossy materials used in the second half of the 20th century showed a restricted image combined with a specific social circumstance. They expressed a reflection of young and future-oriented space period of 1960s. Many designers like Paco Rabanne and Andre Courreges were concerned with the fashion of space age and expressed that image with leather and synthetic materials including silver leather, metal chain armor, and plastic appeared as the keynote of fashion. In 1970's, glossy material was the symbol of avant-garde and rebellious attitude by the punk fashion. They maximized glamourous look of 1980s, and cyber look with an expectation for a new millenium of 1990s. On the other side, glossy materials seem to be used as a source of various inspiration of fashion designer in the 21st century. Also, some of the past images, for example space look and glamourous look, are revived in the 21 st century by the form of modified design.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2013

The present study has been conducted to investigate the reaction kinetics and pyrolysis parameters for flame propagation analysis of furniture material components. TGA measurement for component materials such as MDF (medium density fiberboad) panel including coating material, synthetic leather and foam cushion are performed under maximum temperature of $600^{\circ}C$ and heating rate of $10^{\circ}C/min$. The results of TGA have shown that the peak temperature of MDF panel was $324^{\circ}C$ and the initial peak temperature of coating material decreased by $270{\sim}280^{\circ}C$. In the case of synthetic leather and foam materials, the reference temperature and reference rate depend on the type of polymer consisting the sample, the initial kinetic characteristics was classified into 2 categories of about $270^{\circ}C$ and $420^{\circ}C$ of reference temperature for the tested synthetic materials. The present study showed the pyrolysis parameters of reference temperature and reference rate proposed by Lyon to evaluate the pre-exponential factor and activation energy. The present study can contribute to improve the reliability of computational fire analysis and enhance the understanding of fire propagation phenomena based on the thermal properties study of material.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.183-187
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is providing basic data to control the air pollutants from solid waste incinerator. Incinerating the waste wood, the electrostatic precipitator had the best collection efficiency. The leather incineration had the same collection efficiency as synthetic resin incineration. And the coarse particle collection efficiency was high. As you know in correlation of leather incineration. pollutants produced a from incinerator are mostly fine particles. If the scrubber used only in the process produced a lot of fine particles. It is adequate to use the above control devices, together with high efficiency collector like bag-filter. To select the adequate control devices, it is required to investigate the size distribution before establishing control devices.

• Carbon letters
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2010

The adsorption of Acid Blue 92 onto three low cost and ecofriendly biosorbents viz., cow dung ash, mango stone ash and parthenium leaves ash and commercial activated carbon have discussed in this work. The ash of all the mentioned bio-wastes was prepared in the muffle furnace at $500^{\circ}C$ and all the adsorbents were stored in an air thermostat. Experiments at total dye concentrations of 10~100 mg/L were carried out with a synthetic effluent prepared in the laboratory. The parameters such as pH and dye concentration were varied. Equilibrium adsorption data followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The results indicate that cow dung ash, mango stone ash and parthenium leaves ash could be employed as low-cost alternatives to commercial activated carbon in wastewater treatment for the removal of dye.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.315-325
• /
• 2013

The possibility of acute hepatotoxicity caused by dimethylformamide (DMF) requires regular monitoring of the workers who are using DMF to prevent the occupational disease. The authors performed ambient and biological monitoring of workers involved in synthetic leather manufacturing processes using DMF to assess the correlation between the markers of ambient and biological monitoring of DMF. The authors monitored 142 workers occupationally exposed to DMF from 19 workshops in the synthetic leather and ink manufacturing industries located in northern region of Gyeonggi-do. The subjects answered questionnaire on work procedure and use of personal protective equipment to be classified by exposure type. DMF in air samples collected using personal air samplers, diffusive and active sampler, was analysed using gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) with DB-FFAP column (length 30 m, i.d. 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 ${\mu}m$). Urinary N-methylformamide (NMF) was analysed using gas chromatograph-mass selective detector (GC-MSD) at selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode with DB-624 column (length 60 m, i.d. 0.25 mm, film thickness 1.40 ${\mu}m$). Geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) of the ambient DMF was $6.85{\pm}3.43$ ppm, and GM and GSD of urinary NMF was $42.3{\pm}2.7$ mg/L. The ratio of subjects with DMF level over 10 ppm was 44%, and those with urinary NMF over 15 mg/L was 87%. NMF in urine adjusted by DMF in air was $4.61{\pm}2.57$ mg/L/ppm and $9.50{\pm}2.41$ mg/L/ppm, respectively, with or without respirator. There was seasonal differences of NMF in urine adjusted by DMF in air, $7.63{\pm}2.74$ mg/L/ppm in summer and $4.53{\pm}2.29$ mg/L/ppm in winter. The urinary NMF concentration which corresponds to 10 ppm of ambient DMF was 52.7 mg/L (r=0.650, n=128). Considering the difference of the route of exposure which resulted from the compliance of wearing personal protective equipment, the estimated contribution of respiratory and dermal exposure route for DMF was 48.5% vs. 51.5%.