• Spatial Information Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 2011

In accordance with low carbon and green growth paradigm, a subway is one of major public transit systems for resolving traffic congestion and decreasing traffic accidents. In addition, as subway networks expand, passengers' travel pattern in the subway network change and consequently affect the urban structure. Generally, new subway route has been planned and developed, mainly considering a travel demand forecast. However, it is desired to conduct an empirical analysis on the forecast model regarding change of travel accessibility and passenger demand pattern according to new subway line. Therefore, in this paper, an alternative method, developed based upon a spatial syntax model, is proposed for evaluating new subway route in terms of passenger's mobility and network accessibility. In a case study, we constructed subway network data, mainly targeting the no 9 subway line opened in 2009. With an axial-map analysis, we calculated spatial characteristics to describe topological movement interface. We then analyzed actual modal shift and change on demand of passengers through the number of subway passenger between subway stations and the number of passenger according to comparative bus line from Smart Card to validate suggested methods. Results show that the proposed method provides quantitative means of visualizing passenger flow in subway route planning and of analyzing the time-space characteristics of network. Also, it is expected that the proposed method can be utilized for predicting a passengers' pattern and its impact on public transportation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1487-1490
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• 2007

디지털 위성방송의 시작과 더불어 본격적인 데이터 방송의 시대가 열렸다. 데이터방송이 시작 되면서 데이터방송용 양방향 콘텐츠에 대한 수요가 급속하게 증가하고 있다. 하지만 양방향 콘텐츠 개발에 필요한 저작 도구 및 검증 시스템은 아주 초보적인 수준에 머물러 있는 것이 현실이다. 그러나 방송의 특성상 콘텐츠 상에서의 오류는 방송 사고에까지 이를 수 있는 심각한 상황이 연출 될 수 있다. 본 연구 팀은 이러한 DTV 콘텐츠 개발 요구에 부응하여, 개발자의 콘텐츠 개발 및 사업자 또는 기관에서의 콘텐츠 검증이 원활이 이루어 질수 있도록 하는 양방향 콘텐츠 검증 시스템을 개발 중이다. 양방향 콘텐츠 검증 시스템은 Java 컴파일러, 디버거, 미들웨어, 가상머신, 그리고 IDE 등으로 구성된다. 본 논문에서 제시한 자바 컴파일러는 양방향 콘텐츠 검증 시스템에서 데이터 방송용 자바 애플리케이션(Xlet)을 컴파일하여 에뮬레이팅 하거나 런타임 상에서 디버깅이 가능하도록 하는 바이너리형태의 class 파일을 생성한다. 이를 위해 Java 컴파일러는 *.java 파일을 입력으로 받아 어휘 분석과 구문 분석 과정을 거친 후 SDT(syntax-directed translation)에 의해 AST(Abstract Syntax Tree)를 생성한다. 클래스링커는 생성된 AST를 탐색하여 동적으로 로딩 되는 파일들을 연결하여 AST를 확장한다. 의미 분석과정에서는 확장된 AST를 입력으로 받아 참조된 명칭의 사용이 타당한지 등을 검사하고 코드 생성이 용이하도록 AST를 변형하고 부가적인 정보를 삽입하여 ST(Semantic Tree)를 생성한다. 코드 생성 단계에서는 ST를 입력으로 받아 이미 정해 놓은 패턴에 맞추어 Bytecode를 출력한다.ovoids에서도 각각의 점들에 대한 선량을 측정하였다. SAS와 SSAS의 직장에 미치는 선량차이는 실제 임상에서의 관심 점들과 가장 가까운 25 mm(R2)와 30 mm(R3)거리에서 각각 8.0% 6.0%였고 SAS와 FWAS의 직장에 미치는 선량차이는 25 mm(R2) 와 30 mm(R3)거리에서 각각 25.0% 23.0%로 나타났다. SAS와 SSAS의 방광에 미치는 선량차이는 20 m(Bl)와 30 mm(B2)거리에서 각각 8.0% 3.0%였고 SAS와 FWAS의 방광에 미치는 선량차이는 20 mm(Bl)와 30 mm(B2)거리에서 각각 23.0%, 17.0%로 나타났다. SAS를 SSAS나 FWAS로 대체하였을 때 직장에 미치는 선량은 SSAS는 최대 8.0 %, FWAS는 최대 26.0 %까지 감소되고 방광에 미치는 선량은 SSAS는 최대 8.0 % FWAS는 최대 23.0%까지 감소됨을 알 수 있었고 FWAS가 SSAS 보다 차폐효과가 더 좋은 것으로 나타났으며 이 두 종류의 shielded applicator set는 부인암의 근접치료시 직장과 방광으로 가는 선량을 감소시켜 환자치료의 최적화를 이룰 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.)한 항균(抗菌) 효과(效果)를 나타내었다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로 보아 선방활명음(仙方活命飮)의 항균(抗菌) 효능(效能)은 군약(君藥)인 대황(大黃)의 성분(成分) 중(中)의 하나인 stilbene 계열(系列)의 화합물(化合物)인 Rhapontigenin과 Rhaponticin의 작용(作用)에 의(依)한 것이며, 이는 한의학(韓醫學) 방제(方劑) 원리(原理)인 군신좌사(君臣佐使) 이론(理論)에서 군약(君藥)이 주증(主症)에 주(主)로 작용(作用)하는 약물(藥物)이라는 것을 밝혀주는 것이라고

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.3447-3455
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• 1999

Database correctness is guaranteed by standard transaction scheduling schemes like two-phase locking for the context of concurrent execution environment in which short-lived ones are normally mixed with long-lived ones. Traditional syntax-oriented serializability notions are considered to be not enough to handle in particular various types of transaction in terms of duration of execution. To deal with this situation, altruistic locking has attempted to reduce delay effect associated with lock release moment by use of the idea of donation. An improved form of altruism has also been deployed in extended altruistic locking in a way that scope of data to be early released is enlarged to include even data initially not intended to be donated. In this paper, we first of all investigated limitations inherent in both altruistic schemes from the perspective of alleviating starvation occasions for transactions in particular of short-lived nature. The idea of two-way donation locking(2DL) has then been experimented to see the effect of more than single donation in distributed database systems. Simulation experiments shows that 2DL outperforms the conventional two-phase locking in terms of the degree of concurrency and average transaction waiting time under the circumstances that the size of long-transaction is in between 5 and 9.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.944-954
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• 1997

This study addreses the design and implrmentation of korean SGML(Standard Generalized Markup Langu-age)editor capable of ggenerating DTD(Document Type Definition)s,which can be used at the same time to gen-erate HTML documents as well] as SGML documents using interactive method.HTML is an appkication of SGML and HTML DTD is defined according to the syntax of SGML.Therefore it is possible to generate HTML documents of any versions by replacing the corresponding DTDs and using the implemented editor.This system has been implemented using GUI such as Motif and UIL(User Interface Language)in X-window system and C-language for common modules of functions.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.245-249
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose two rate control algorithms for multi-view extension of HEVC with two rate control algorithms adopted in HEVC and analyze the multi-view rate control performance. The proposed multi-view rate controls are designed on HEVC-based multi-view video coding (MV-HEVC) platform with consideration of high-level syntax, inter-view prediction, etc. not only for the base view but also for the extended views using the rate control algorithms based on URQ (Unified Rate-Quantization) and R-lambda model adopted in HEVC. The proposed multi-view rate controls also contain view-wise target bit allocation for providing the compatibility to the base view. By allocating the target bitrates for each view, the proposed multi-view rate control based on URQ model achieved about 1.83% of average bitrate accuracy and 1.73dB of average PSNR degradation. In addition, about 2.97% of average bitrate accuracy and 0.31dB of average PSNR degradation are achieved with the proposed multi-view rate control based on R-lambda model.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 2009

Mosts of export/import cargo has been moving using maritime transport means. Korea had been driven the system automation project using EDI document since the mid-1990s. However, this automation system comes upon about 40-50% against overall maritime business process, manual or paper document processing work is existing as ever. International e-business environment also has changing into electronic form document transaction from paper document-based transaction. International standardization organization, UN/CEFACT proposed UNeDocs for paperless jtransaction. UNeDocs is a specification to define XML data model as well as electronic form. With UNeDocs, it is not necessary to generate the duplexed data, and it can support user convenient and guarantee the flexibility. This paper defines the UNeDocs data model for EDI and Off-Line processing at the current maritime business. Then, it have to check XML syntax and structure for the defined data model through quality of document check system. Also, it explains the applying plan about the defined UNeDocs data model. It is possible to support paperless transaction as defining UNeDocs-based standard data model and converting into paper document, XML and EDI document using UNeDocs data model.

• Architectural research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2010

The present study explored the applicability of Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA) techniques to workplace design research. Six types of VGA measures in Depthmap encompassing visual connectivity, three types of visual integration, mean depth, and visual entropy were employed for the analysis of individual privacy for task concentration and group relationship behavior in the open-plan office environment. Data comprised 136 workers in 6 open-plan offices filled with low-paneled (1.2-1.5m) cubicle workspaces. For the statistical analysis, Spearman's rho correlations and t-tests were applied for the spatial and behavioral measures. The results showed that workspace VGA measures have a potential to be useful information to account for workers' concentration privacy and, limitedly, also informal relationships with team members. Visual entropy values especially offer reliable information to predict various aspects of office workers' privacy behavior while visual integration can be used to account for the workers' sense of trust in group relations. The study also discussed the limitation of VGA applications to the workplace context.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.52-55
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• 2004

VMS (virtual manufacturing system) may be defined as a transparent interface/control mechanism to support human decision-making via simulation and monitoring of real operating situation through modeling of all activities in RMS (real manufacturing system). The three main layers in VMS are business process layer, manufacturing execution layer, and facility operation layer, and each layer is represented by a specific software system having its own input modeler module. The current version of these input modelers has been implemented based on its own 'local' framework, and as a result, there are no information sharing mechanism, nor a common user view among them. Proposed in this paper is a unified modeler framework covering the three VMS layers, in which the concept of PPR (product-process-resource) model is employed as a common semantics framework and a 2D graphic network model is used as a syntax framework. For this purpose, abstract class PPRObject and GraphicObject are defined and then a subclass is inherited from the abstract class for each application layer. This feature would make it easier to develop and maintain the individual software systems. For information sharing, XML is used as a common data format.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.1485-1490
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• 2005

Variable length code is an integral component of many international standards on image and video compression currently. Context-based Adaptive Variable Length Coding(CAVLC) is adopted by the emerging JVT(also called H.264, and AVC in MPEG-4). In this paper, we design an architecture for CAVLC encoder, including a coeff_token encoder, level encoder, total_zeros encoder and run_before encoder. The designed CAVLC encoder can encode one syntax element in one clock cycle. As a result of implementation by Vertex-1000e of Xilinx, its operation frequency is 68MHz. Therefore, it is very suitable for video applications that require high throughput.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.1418-1430
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• 1998

Temporal databases support an efficient historical management by means of valid time and transaction time. Valid time stands for the time when a data happens in the real world. And transaction time stands for the time when a data is stored in the database, Temporal Query Processing System(TQPS) should be extended so as tc process the temporal operations for the historical informations in the user query as well as the conventional relational operations. In this paper, the extended temporal query processing systems which is based on the previous temporal query processing system for TQuel(Temporal Query Language) consists of the temporal syntax analyzer, temporal semantic analyzer, temporal code generator, and temporal interpreter is to be described, The algorithm for additional functions such as transaction time management, temporal aggregates, temporal views, temporal joins and the heuristic optimization functions and their example how to be processed is shown.