• Korean Linguistics
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• v.81
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• pp.267-297
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• 2018

Vowel raising in Korean has been primarily treated as a phonological, categorical change. This study aims to show how the Korean connective suffix {-go} is realized in various environments, and propose a principle of vowel raising based on both acoustic and perceptual data. To that end, we used a corpus of spoken Korean to analyze the types of syntactic constructions, the realization of prosodic boundaries (IP and PP), and the types of boundary tone associated with {-go}. It was found that the vowel tends to be raised most frequently in utterance-final position, while in utterance-medial position the vowel was raised more when the syntactic and prosodic distance between {-go} and the following constituent was smaller. The results for boundary tone also showed a correlation between vowel raising and the discourse function of the boundary tone. In conclusion, we propose that vowel raising is not simply an optional phenomenon, but rather a type of phonetic reduction related to the comprehension of the following constituent.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-36
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• 2017

This study investigated the correlation between learners' psychological and social factors and their syntactic complexity of speaking. The study collected samples of Korean spoken production of 61 learners with English, Chinese, Japanese and other L1 backgrounds and applied mini-TOPIK, mini-AMTB, and SASIQ for 70 minutes. The study found that: (i) integrative motivation showed positive correlation with a number of simple complex clauses, but instrumental motivation correlated negatively with a number of adverbial clauses, indicating that high motivation hindered producing highly complex clauses although it triggered producing simple complex clauses, (ii) social contact with L2 native speakers showed positive correlation with general L2 development and a number of simple complex clauses, but revealed negative correlation with double or triple complex clauses, (iii) hours of L2 listening showed very strong positive correlation with producing triple complex clauses and general proficiency, but indicated negative correlation with a number of simple complex clauses. The study reported that high motivation toward Korean learning and active social activities with Korean native speakers helped produce simple complex clauses while hours of listening to Korean helped produce triple complex clauses.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.492-497
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a method of retrieving opinioned tweets in Twitter, which is the one of the popular Social Network Services and shares diverse opinions among various users. In typical opinion retrieval systems, they may consider the presence of sentiment phrases (subjectivity) as the important factor even if the subjective phrases are not related to a given query or speaker. To alleviate these problems, we utilized the syntactic structure of a sentence to identify the relationships between 1) subjectivity-query and 2) subjectivity-speaker and 3) the syntactic role of subjectivity. Besides, our learning-to-rank approach is trained to retrieve opinioned tweets based on query-relevance, textual features, user information, and Twitter-specific features. Experimental results on real world data show that our proposed method can achieve better performance than several baseline methods in terms of precision and nDCG.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.467-476
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• 2011

Compound noun phrase (CNP) is important factor for semantic information process because the meaning of the CNP is more disambiguous than that of single word. However, the CNP can be expressed in various types even though it expresses same meaning. It is called syntactic diversity. It makes information system difficult to grasp sense identity. In order to resolve the syntactic diversity in this research, we propose an indexing method for compound noun phrase. The main purpose is to make identical index term for various types of CNPs which has same meaning. To do so, the research follows next steps. For the first, we make rule template and utilize the template to extract CNPs from set of domestic research papers. In general, the CNP has a unique meaning. Considering the characteristic, we suggest synthesis rules of index terms and apply the rule to CNPs extracted in previous step. For the objective performance evaluation of the research, a test set, HANTEC 2.0, was utilized and the result was compared to baseline model. Through the experiment and the evaluation, we have confirmed that the indexing method suggested in this paper could positively affect retrieval precision and improve performance of the information retrieval.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the spatial configurations of a sample of Korean regional emergency medical centers (REMCs) to explore its underlying genotypes and thus produce a base line data for the analysis and evaluations of future REMCs designs using space syntax theory. Methods: Space syntax analysis was used as a major tool for the analysis and exploration of Genotype. The measures of Integration(overall integration with exterior and without exterior as well as the integration of individual clinical spaces for each center), base difference factor (DF) and Space link ratio were calculated for a sample of seven Korean REMCs. Results: The result shows a strikingly similar pattern of Syntactic measures across the sample, the mean integration of sample ranges from 0.82-0.99 with exterior (while considering the exterior space as a root) and 0.81-1.01 without exterior (considering the connections of interior spaces only with no outside connection). The base difference factor (DF) of the sample varies from 0.60-0.81 with exterior and from 0.59-0.82 without exterior. Case number-1 was identified as non-genotype with differing order of Syntactic values. Although the genotype had different forms, layouts and even sizes, these results cannot be explained by Phenotypical comparisons. Implications: This study will contribute to the configurational analysis and evaluation of existing and future Korean REMCs design and practice of emergency healthcare delivery system in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.625-634
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• 2014

This study has investigated the factors that make a science teacher effective by analyzing students' perception of teacher knowledge required in enhancing their science learning. The basic components of teacher knowledge identified by previous researchers have been confirmed through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Based on the findings of the EFA, the questionnaire has been further analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) by means of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). In addition, the differences in students' perception on the identified factors of effectiveness have also been analyzed in terms of gender and achievement level. The findings of the EFA showed that five factors of science teacher effectiveness were identified; namely, substantive knowledge, syntactic knowledge, knowledge of students' understandings, knowledge of instructional strategies, and knowledge of assessment. These five components have been divided into two categories of teacher knowledge, SMK and PCK. What we found from the CFA was the respective high correlation between substantive and syntactic knowledge, knowledge of students' understanding and instructional strategies and the low correlation between substantive knowledge and knowledge of instructional strategies. Students perceived substantive knowledge as the most effective factor, knowledge of assessment as the least effective factor. Also, there have been considerable differences in students' perception by gender and achievement level. We proposed, based on the findings, that SMK and PCK need to be integrated into a coherent manner for the effective science teaching practice. This study provides some implications for science teacher professional development and the improvement of science teacher preparation program.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.17-22
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• 2013

This study aims at proposing a sound and sustainable development direction of an urban commercial district by identifying space syntactic properties, from the perspective of human ecology, of the street network in Enuengjeongi culture street as the representative commercial district of Daejeon City in Korea. The results are obtained through Angular Segment Analysis (ASA) on the street network in subject area for this study. It was found that most of the socially integrated nodes are arranged along the axis of main street in the district. However, in some of those nodes, it was investigated that the social integrative function have weakened, because open spaces as public space for the general public are occupied illegally by commercial purposes of shops and car parking. It was found that the socially isolated nodes are located at the district boundary connected to a relative narrow street, with a relatively low density of the commercial facilities. Besides, it was identified that a street width in the commercial district may be a factor affecting the social integration of a space on the basis of the openness of the space.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.17-22
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• 1999

In this paper we propose a new mixed method of LDA and tri-tone model to predict Korean prosodic break indices(PBI) for a given utterance. PBI can be used as an important cue of syntactic discontinuity in continuous speech recognition(CSR). The model consists of three steps. At the first step, PBI was predicted with the information of syllable and pause duration through the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method. At the second step, syllable tone information was used to estimate PBI. In this step we used vector quantization (VQ) for coding the syllable tones and PBI is estimated by tri-tone model. In the last step, two PBI predictors were integrated by a weight factor. The proposed method was tested on 200 literal style spoken sentences. The experimental results showed 72% accuracy.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.169-172
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• 2002

English is one of the stress-timed languages and has much more dynamic rhythm, stress and the tendency toward the isochronism of stressed syllables. It goes with various English utterance restructuring, irrespective of the pauses by syntactic boundaries, and post-lexically phonological phenomena. Specifically in the real speech acts, the natural utterances of fluent speakers or the broadcasting speech cause much more various English restructuring and phonological phenomena. This has been an obstacle for students in speaking fluent English and understanding normal speech. Therefore, this study tried to focus the most problematic factor in English speaking and listening difficulty on English restructuring and post-lexically phonological phenomena caused by stress-timed rhythm and, second, to point out the importance of teaching English rhythm bearing that in mind.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.117-134
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• 2000

Kim, Key-Seop(2000). English Restructuring and A Use of Music in Teaching English Pronunciation. JSEP 2000 voU This study has two-fold aims: one is to clarify the restructuring of English in utterance, and the other is to relate it to teaching English pronunciation for listening and speaking with a use of music and song by suggesting a model of 10-15 minute pronunciation class syllabus for every period in class. Generally, English utterances are restructured by stress-timed rhythm, irrespective of syntactic boundaries. So the rhythmic units are arranged in isochronous groups, of which the making is to attach clitic(s) to a host or head often leftwards and sometimes rightwards, which results in linking, contraction, reduction, sound change and rhythm adjustment in utterance, just as in music and song. With English restructuring focused on, a model of English pronunciation class syllabus is proposed to be put forward in class for every period of a lesson or unit. It tries to relate the focused factor(s) in pronunciation to the integrated, with teaching techniques and music made use of.