• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.412-424
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• 2015

Objectives: An ultra dry air environment of nearly ${\leq}2%$ RH is often required in lithium battery factories. The objective of this study is to evaluate the subjective eye, pulmonary, nose, and skin symptoms of workers exposed to ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride. Methods: We recruited 274 workers using a self-reported questionnaire in March 2014. Those who worked in ultra-low relative humidity and with thionyl chloride were identified and their prevalence of symptoms was compared with that of other workers. We excluded white collar workers, researchers and other workers who were exposed to various hazard factors, and finally included 164 workers. Results: There were significant differences in the rate of self-reported eye and skin symptoms between exposure group_1 and exposure group_2. Exposure group_2 experienced more frequent eye, and skin symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression analysis for experience of dry eye symptoms and skin symptoms in exposure group_2 showed that dry eye symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 6.33, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19-18.24, p<0.001), and itchiness (OR, 6.45, 95% CI, 1.94-21.43, p<0.01) were the significant variables. The complaints of workers experiencing ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride were high compared with other workers. Conclusion: These findings suggest that exposure to ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride may be associated with more frequent eye and skin symptoms than exposure to ultra-low relative humidity alone. The current precautions to protect workers from the adverse effects of ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride appear to be insufficient, indicating that additional management plans to reduce symptoms should be considered.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.379-390
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to improve the working conditions of dental technicians, through survey for working conditions related to perform one's duty, the extent of personal exposure to substances hazardous and complaint rate and factor of job stress and subjective symptom on musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: Using four types of structured questionnaires: social and demographic factor; the actual conditions of working space; working conditions; and characteristics of dental technicians, respondents filled in the questionnaires and the results were analyzed statistically. Results: The evaluation of comfort in working place found that satisfaction level on indoor noise was the lowest with 2.6 on a five-point scale and privacy space followed 2.8 point. In reasons for dissatisfaction with job, over workload ranked the highest by 25.4% and role overload had the highest by 39.5% in job stress factors. Based on the results, we could draw conclusion that dental technicians were unsatisfied with role overload and heavy workload a day. In reasons for musculoskeletal symptom prevalence, long-patient work was the highest by 24.1%. It was thought to cause dental technicians need deep procession and long-patient work due to the nature of their job. Conclusion: In conclusion, noise reduction and privacy space are required to improve job efficiency of dental technicians. In addition; we need to think of ways to increase the job satisfaction with adequate rest while deep procession and long-patient working.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2011

Objectives: Previous investigations have presented some evidence of late cognitive effects in dental personnel exposed to metallic mercury. We wanted to examine if Norwegian dentists have an increased prevalence of symptoms consistent with neurological and/or cognitive malfunction. Methods: The study group consisted of 406 dentists from central Norway and 217 controls from the general population, all under the age of 70. They had responded to a standardised postal questionnaire (Euroquest) inquiring about seven symptoms in regard to neurology, psychosomatics, memory, concentration, mood, sleep disturbances, and fatigue. A score was calculated for each symptom based on 4 to 15 single questions scored on a scale from 1 (seldom or never) to 4 (very often). Results: The dentists and controls had a participation rate of 57.2 % and 42.9 % respectively. The dentists reported no more cognitive symptoms than the controls, with low average symptom scores from 1.16 for neurological symptoms in males to 1.73 for fatigue in females. Corresponding figures for the controls were 1.22 and 1.77. There were a total of 1.2 % of the dentists and 1.8 % of the controls who reported having three or more of the seven symptoms "often" or more frequently. Conclusion: Norwegian dentists do not report more cognitive and neurological symptoms than controls from the general population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6691-6695
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• 2014

Background: A population-based cervical cancer screening program using visual inspection with acetic acid was launched in Maldives in 2014. Our study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of women in relation to risk factors of cervical cancer, early detection of the disease and its prevention. Materials and Methods: The questionnaire based survey was conducted among 20 to 50 year old women, systematically sampled to represent three regions of Maldives. Trained investigators interviewed a total of 2,845 women at home. Results: The prevalence of the risk factors of cervical cancer like early age at marriage and childbirth, multiple marriages, multiple marriages of the husbands, and multiple pregnancies was high. More women knew about breast cancer than cervical cancer. Even among the small number of women who knew of cervical cancer, only 34.6% had the knowledge of at least one early symptom. Very few women knew that the cancer could be prevented by any test. Only 6.2% of the women reported having ever undergone a Pap smear. Many women had the misconception that cervical cancer was infectious. In Maldives the younger women have high literacy rate due to the policy of universal free education and those with higher levels of education had improved knowledge of cervical cancer and its risk factors. The prevalence of risk factors also reduced with improved literacy. Conclusions: Awareness about risk factors and prevention of cervical cancer is limited among Maldivian women in spite of having high exposure to some of the risk factors. A universal literacy program in the country has helped to improve the knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and to reduce the exposure to various risk factors in the younger population.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate a musculoskeletal symptom and the work posture of the nurses in an operating room who have worked in the present department for more than one year. The job analysis of operating room nurses for ergonomic work posture analysis is divided into 14 tasks. On the basis of that, a survey research and ergonomic work posture analysis are also carried out. Among 41 operating room nurses of a cancer center in Kyonggi province who responded to the self-administered questionnaire, 20 nurses were observed and videorecorded to apply Rapid Entire Body Assessment(REBA) to ergonomic work posture analysis from April 16, 2007 to May 18, 2007. The results of analysis are as follows. The prevalence rate of musculoskeletal symptoms was 75.6% and its prevalence rates by part of the body are these followings; lower back and leg/foot 43.9%, shoulder 36.6%, neck 34.1%, hand/wrist/ finger 22.0%, arm/elbow 14.6%. In accordance with the results of ergonomic work posture analysis, 4 tasks that have a REBA score of 8 have high-risk levels and require an immediate management. It shows there is a significant correlation with overall musculoskeletal symptoms and objective workloads that are estimated by REBA. In conclusion, the work conditions of operating room nurses should be improved. It is also necessary that inappropriate work postures and ergonomic work conditions are improved to prevent musculoskeletal disorders of operating room nurses.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2007

측두하악장애증상과 이와 관련될 수 있는 기여요인들의 유병율을 알아보고자 경기도 지역 대학에 재학중인 학생 460명을 대상으로 2006년 9월부터 12월까지 설문조사를 실시하여 측두하악장애증상의 증상별 빈도, 성별, 연령별 양상에 대해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전체 대상자 중 한 가지 이상의 측두하악장애 주관적 증상을 가진 자는 80.6%였다. 2. 가장 높은 빈도를 보인 증상은 두통(45.7%)이고 그 다음이 관절음(43.5%)이었는데 두 가지 모두 남녀간의 유의차는 없었다. 3. 20대 남자 연령이 증가할수록 급성 부정교합 증상 비율이 낮았으며, 20대 여자 연령이 증가할수록 저작시나 말할 때의 악관절부 동통 증상의 발생빈도가 증가하였다. 4. 여자가 남자보다 높은 빈도를 나타낸 증상으로는 개구시 악관절부 동통, 저작시나 말할 때의 악관절부 동통, 턱 피곤함, 급성 부정교합 증상이 있고, 여자가 남자보다 높은 빈도를 나타낸 기여요인으로는 턱 괴기, 스트레스, 껌씹기, 불면증, 이악물기가 있다. 5. 기여요인과 측두하악장애의 주관적 증상은 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났는데 그 중에서도 이악물기, 불면증, 편측저작, 턱 괴기, 스트레스에서 유의성이 높았다. 6. 측두하악장애의 주관적 증상은 보통 성격과 관련성이 높았다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.696-701
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• 2010

Hepatitis A is acute hepatitis caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), HAV is a non-enveloped 27nm, heat-, acid, and ether-resistant RNA virus in the Picornavirus family. HAV is transmitted primarily through fecal-oral route and the incidence rate of hepatitis A is closely related to environmental hygiene and socioeconomic condition. Recent improvements in sanitation, public health policies, and socioeconomic development in South Korea have had great impact on the incidence of hepatitis A, which natural production of antibodies against HAV and the prevalence of HAV antibody has decreased. However, during the past ten years, symptomatic HAV infection substantially increased among juveniles and young adults in their twenties and thirties, and hepatitis A has become one of the most common acute hepatitis. Though there has been no report on treatment of hepatitis A with jaundice by oriental medicine in South Korea, many studies and case reports on treatment of icteric hepatitis of which main symptom is jaundice have been published in other countries. To treat patients diagnosed with hepatitis or suspected cases in oriental medicine hospitals, we need to have concerned about hepatitis A. This report is disease pattern identification in oriental medicine and treatments of 3 patients who were diagnosed with acute hepatitis A and treated in oriental medicine hospital.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.25-27
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• 2017

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease which affects whole gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus. Crohn's disease may present both oral manifestation and gastrointestinal symptom-abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, anorexia, fever, and growth failure. The prevalence rate of oral manifestation is approximately between 0.5% and 20%. The oral lesion could be the first sign of Crohn's disease. We present a case of Crohn's disease in a patient who did not show typical oral manifestations but had nonspecific aphthous like ulceration and burning sensation for many years. Through this case, we suggest approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of the oral lesion of Crohn's disease.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 1990

This study aims to find out the prevalence of smoking, and to analyze the effect of smoking for health status, and then to emphasize the necessity of stop smoking. The data used in this study are obtained from periodic health care programe at Health Care Center in a suburban hospital, and selected 435 males who have occupation. The independent varibles chosen for the analysis are general charactersitic variables and smoking habit. The dependent variables are designed to cover the health status of individual cases, and include blood pressure, blood cholesterol level with HDL-cholesterol and blood triglyceride level, recent symptoms and recently being managed diseases. The result of this study are summarized as follows. 1) Percentage of smoker by the age groups is highest in 4th decade, being 71.1%. The second and third ranks are 6th and 7th decades, being 53.5% and 44.4%, respectively. 2) In the view of socio-economic levels, smoking rate is higher in the groups who live at rural area and whoes occupation is labor or merchant. Smoking rate is significantly higher in the heavy drinking group. 3) Among the atherosclerotic risk factors, which include hypertension, HDL-cholesterol by total cholesterol ratio lower than 0.2 and triglyceride level higher than 200gm/dl, hypertension was not statistically associated with smoking, but others revealed statistically high association with smoking. 4) The groups who have the symptoms of severe fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, pulmonary symptoms, palpitation and chest tightness havepositive association with smoking. 5) The groups who have hypertension with cardiovascular diseases and gastrointestinal diseases showed highly significant association with non-smoking. 6) In relation of the smoking habit to the atherosclerotic risk factor index, smokers have more atherosclerotic risk factors, but that is not statistically significant. 7) In relation of the smoking habit to the recent symptom index, smokers have more symptoms than non-smokers with statistical significance. In conclusion, smokers have worse health status than non-smokers especially in the atherosclerotic risk factors such as hypertension or abnormal blood lipid status and have more symptoms such as severe fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, pulmonary symptoms, palpitation and chest tightness. And the campaingn against smoking should direct for the male in 4th decade because they have highest smoking rate.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 1998

To investigate the actual states of farmers syndrome and their related factors, the author surveyed a total of 534 rural residents, resided in Puyeo kun, Chungnam Province, during August 1996. The data were collected from members of an association and their families of agricultural co-operatives, and analysed. Following are the results summarized therefrom; 1. The prevalence rate of farmers syndrome as a whole was 36.7%, but that of female was higher as 45.0% than male as 27.4%. 2. The prevalence rates of farmers syndrome were higher in the group of higher age, shorter education years, longer farming careers, and longer daily farming hours. 3. The prevalence rates of farmers syndrome did not show statistically significantly different among groups of farming categories such as specialize in farming, such as side line, and not farming. 4. Sex, age, and daily farming hours were proved to be a related factors of farmers syndrome by logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio of female group was 2.06 compared with male group, above 70 years age group was 6.24 compared with below 40 years age group, and group of farming more than 8 hours a day was 2.55 compared with not farming group. 5. The mean scores of self-estimated health states of the group with farmers syndrome was lower than those with negative or suspicious farmers syndrome, but the mean scores of psychological symptoms, other than symptoms of farmers syndrome was statistically significantly higher in farmers syndrome group. Consequently, farmers syndrome seems to be not disease entity but symptom complex which is highly related with age and sex. For that reason, there is a need of study on the differentiate the farmers syndrome and chronic musculoskeletal diseases in the aged.