• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.57-76
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderate effects of self monitoring and the ways of thinking on the relationships and the moderate effects of brand credibility and brand attachment on the relationships between the negative information about a brand and the customer attitude holistic and analytic on the relationships between the negative information about a brand and customer attitude. To accomplish these purposes, this research divided negative information about a brand into corporate ability and corporate social responsibility. In addition, research also divided product type into functional product and symbolic product. participants are classified as having Low or High self monitoring. and the ways of thinking divided into holistic and analytic on the relationships between the negative information about a brand and customer attitude. The following are the summary of hypothesis test: (1)the consumers with low(high) level of self monitering are more likely to reveal high level of preference for negative information of corporate ability. (2)the consumers with analytic(holistic) ways of thinking are more likely to reveal high level of preference for negative information of corporate ability. (3)the consumers with low(high) level of self monitering are more likely to reveal high level of preference for functional product. (4)the consumers with analytic(holistic) ways of thinking aren't more likely to reveal high level of preference for functional(symbolic) product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.44
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• pp.153-167
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to supply the opportunity of being used as a material which can predict future fashion. This study had been divided the symbolic meaning into three parts. The first part was the symbolic expressions in the materials of modern fashion, and the second part was symbolic meaning which was expressed in the accessories, and the last part was the symbolic meaning which was expressed in the physical ornament. The results could be summarized as follows. First, among the forms of heraldry were expressed in modern Fashion, were such as animals like a lion and eagle, which evoked the powerful and lively mood. A vegetable heraldry was expressed on a pattern of textile fabric to pursue the beauty of dress, represented female and classical beauty. A inanimate object heraldry was included all natural material that didn't have all lives the world, represented the mystery and intensity of nature as using the design that sets off the idea through color and figure. Second, in the case of being the forms of heraldry used as a mark or logo in modern fashion, it was visualized the fashion of traditional sense, marine look and military look. This mark or logo had important characteristics of symbolic in that the product had a special meaning and function by trade mark. Third, tattos were used to heighten the people's union in the various subordinate cultures. By ornamenting their bodies, they expressed their special identity and consciousness. Tattos represented a unique menas, which effected a mood of fashion.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.653-667
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• 2008

Despite of the importance of design, relatively little research has been conducted on consumers' behavioral responses to product design and especially, the empirical studies which are related to consumers' psychological responses to product design. Understanding of the relationship between the response to product design and brand image or brand equity is limited. This research investigated the effect of the design image which can be formed by the response to product design on brand image and equity in two kinds of product types (utilitarian and symbolic product). The result shows that the product design image has a strong effect on the brand image in both products. Design image of the product influences brand equity in the symbolic product. However, there was no significant effect of the product design image on brand equity in the utilitarian product. In addition, the research found that brand image has a strong effect on brand equity in both products.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.7-25
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• 2006

This research examines symbolic meanings of architectural style of Japanese ruling era of Korea through analysis of Expo buildings. Expo buidings of Joseon Product Evaluation Expo(1915), Joseon Expo(1929), and Joseon Grand Expo(1940) are chosen as subjects of this research. Expos held in Korea since 1945 were creatures of colonial reign and their objectives are advertising the advancement of Japan. New and latest architectural styles of Western countries were used as a symbol of advancement in non-western countries. Renaissance style and Secession style in Joseon Product Evaluation Expo and Modernism style in Joseon Expo were introduced as architectural styles that symbolize advancement. On the contrary, the traditional architectural style of Joseon Dynasty was distorted as symbol of backwardness. Latest Western Architectural Styles were used elaborately and Intentionally to symbolize advancement and industrialization by Japanese ruling power and companies. Specially, Modernism style operating as 'symbol of advancement' is characteristic of non-western society in attempt to proceed Modernization through Westernization. Also, it can be suggested that architectures in Modernism style are used in ways to symbolize the advancement of the colonial reign authorities within the colonial society.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.155-162
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• 2023

This study analyzed the impact of negative information on co-branding, targeting co-branding consisting of a symbolic brand and a functional brand with similar brand assets. Through attribution theory, when consumers are exposed to negative information, they will infer the cause of the negative information. As a result, it was confirmed that when co-branding with a symmetrical symbolic brand and a functional brand, negative information has different effects on co-branding depending on the type. Negative information about the quality of co-branded products had a more negative impact on consumer attitudes than negative information about the iconic brand. It was confirmed that negative information about functional brands has a smaller impact than negative information about co-branding, but has a greater impact than negative information about symbolic brands. In addition, it was confirmed that negative information about the symbolic brand had a smaller negative impact on co-branding than negative information about the quality or functionality of the co-branded product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.243-251
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• 2004

This study was interested in examining the image of a co-brand with the case of＇CHIMERIC＇, the co-brand of Daegu city in Korea. The purpose of the study was to investigate the difference in brand image by brand knowledge and the effects of brand image on brand preference, brand purchase, and brand satisfaction. A total of 354 questionnaires collected from the region(Daegu)＇s residents, who were aware of CHIMERIC, were analyzed. Factor analysis extracted 6 factors of brand image including symbolic image, product, ad, price, distribution, and publicity. The results revealed that there were differences in product and publicity images by brand knowledge. Symbolic and publicity images and brand knowledge affected brand preference, which in turn had the strongest effect on brand purchase. Brand knowledge also affected brand purchase while no direct effect of brand image was observed. Brand satisfaction was affected by brand preference, publicity, and ad image.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2008

A cross-cultural study was carried out in Germany and in South Korea in order to investigate the relationship between brand personality and product personality facilitating the three dimensions of personality agreeableness, excitement, and extroversion. Two pairs of shoes were prepared across categories of product function symbolic (a pair of high-heeled shoes) versus utilitarian (a pair of sport shoes). In experiments, each pair of shoes was labeled as a luxury brand ("Versace") or a casual brand ("C&A", Germany; "Migliore", South Korea) or left unlabeled. Prior to the experiments, an expert group in each country evaluated the brand personality in terms of "cheerful" (agreeableness), "honest"(conscientiousness), and "provocative" (extroversion) and the results were considered as a baseline. In Experiment I and II, subjects were exposed to two pairs of shoes labeled in one of the three ways and assessed the personality of both pairs of shoes using the personality traits, cheerful, honest, and provocative. Identical versions of the experiment were conveyed in Germany (N=56), an individualist culture, and in South Korea (N=72), a collectivist culture, and we purposed to find cultural differences in evaluating product personalities influenced by brands. The empirical results do not show any significant influence of brand personality on product personality in either cultural group (p>.05). Nevertheless, the subjects estimated the retail price of the shoes to be significantly different depending on the brands in both cultural groups (p<.001).

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.89-99
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• 2023

Purpose: This study explores the relationship between future time perspective and older consumers' masstige product consumption, specifically, their intention to purchase masstige brand products, with a focus on their motivational drives from an functional value and symbolic value perspective. Research design, data and methodology: Data were collected through an online questionnaire from 419 people aged 54 to 64 years in South Korea and the hypotheses were examined using structural equation modeling. Results: Our results indicated that middle-aged and older consumers who have expanded future time perspective have higher intention to purchase masstige brands and their functional value and symbolic value of masstige brands were found to mediate future time perspective and intention to purchase masstige brands. Conclusions: The findings offer insights into masstige brand consumption by older South Korean consumers that may be useful for both academics and marketers.

• Korean Journal of Korean Medical Institute of Dermatology and Aesthetics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.98-113
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• 2005

This paper provides comparison and analysis between brand images of Korean herbal cosmetics and general, imported cosmetic brands, focusing on product's symbolic and functional images. The objective is to evaluate brand images of Korean herbal cosmetics to suggest a powerful brand image strategy that will be different and competitive. Data collection was performed on 300 adult women who were over 20 years of age and lived in Seoul or KyongKi area. Analysis was carried out using SPSS version 11.5 and frequency analysis, T-Test and $X^2$ verification was also performed. Analysis results for brand images of Korean herbal cosmetics are as follows. First, satisfaction scale as a purchase feature for users of Korean herbal cosmetics were 'Normal' 51.5%, 'Satisfactory' 35.1%, 'Very Satisfactory' 8.2% and 'Unsatisfactory' 5.2%. Regarding improvements, 'Efficacy, Effect' was the highest with 46%. Second, 'SEOLHWASOO' and 'BAEKOKSENG' among Korean herbal cosmetic brands, 'IOPE' and 'ISA KNOX' among general cosmetic brands and 'LANCOME' and 'CHANEL' among imported cosmetic brands displayed high recognition. Third, the symbolic and functional images of Korean herbal cosmetic brands were seen to be better compared to their general and imported counterparts. Especially, product related features of Korean herbal cosmetic brands received a more positive response compared to imported brands, which suggests that with research and improvement regarding non-product related features, functional images of herbal brands may be appraised ahead of imported brands. Fourth, there is a significant difference in brand preference according to the satisfaction of groups who actually use herbal cosmetics and the purchasing attitudes of groups who do not. Therefore, an active relationship marketing strategy is required to maximize satisfaction and to elicit favorable attitudes. By developing functional native ingredients, constructing data that can prove its efficacy and effects, and appealing its unique, differentiated symbolic value together with Orientalism, herbal medicines will be able to take off to be acknowledged worldwide.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.841-862
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• 2013

This study analyzed issues in the mathematics curriculum concerning the cognitive development of the vector and inner product concepts in the light of Tall's and Watson's research(Tall, 2004a; Tall, 2004b; Watson et al., 2003; Watson, 2002). Some suggestions in teaching the vector and inner product concepts were elaborated in the terms of these analyses. First, the position vector needs to be represented by an arrow on the coordinate system in order to introduce the component form of a vector represented by a directed line segment. Second, proofs of the vector operation law should be carried out by symbolic manipulations based on the algebraic concept of a vector in the symbolic world. Third, it is appropriate that the inner product is defined as $\vec{a}{\cdot}\vec{b}=a_1b_1+a_2b_2$ (when, $\vec{a}=(a_1,a_2)$, $\vec{b}=(b_1,b_2)$) when it comes to considering the meaning of the inner product relevant to vector space in the formal world. Cognitive growth of concepts of the vector and inner product can be properly induced through revising explanation methods about the concepts in the curriculum in the basis of the above suggestions.