• 영어어문교육
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.177-190
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper IS to investigate the aspects of errors of English stress by Korean students. In this experimental study, 17 students participated and read 120 words which are divided into three types-the beginning, the middle, and the advanced-according to the level of words. As a result of acoustical judgement, there were a greater number of errors In the advanced level of words, and the more syllables the words have, the more errors occurred, tins means Korean students who learn English as a second language have trouble realizing the right stress in words with larger numbers of syllables and the more advanced level. Furthermore it is interesting that Korean students imposed the primary stress on the second syllable when producing words with stress in the first, third and forth syllables.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제40호
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• pp.29-49
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• 2000

This study has two aim: one is to clarify the restructuring of English in utterance and the other is to make use of text-setting to be applied to getting accustomed to the English rhythm and pronunciation. Clitics prove to play a crucial role on the English restructuring, and are found to be attached to their previous and to their next head or host, thus forming, respectively, an on-cliticized rhythm, trochee and a pro-cliticized rhythm, iambus. En-cliticization proves to be preferred to pro-cliticization in most types of English rhythms. Accordingly, the restructuring turn out to occur all over the levels of the Prosodic Hierarchy. That is, syllables, words and clitic groups are restructured in poetry as well as in song words, which means the necessity of restructuring throughout the levels of the Prosodic Hierarchy from the syllable to the utterance. The present study suggests a good use of a rhythmic textsetting for learners of English to get accustomed to the stress-timed rhythm as well as to such changes in pronunciation as reductions, deletions, resolutions, contractions, and rhythms in English.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2009

We investigated the perceptual structure of Korean consonants by analyzing the confusion among consonants in various vowel contexts. The 36 CV syllable types combined by 18 consonants and 2 vowels (/i/ and /u/) were presented with masking noises or in degraded intensity. The confusion data were analyzed by the INDSCAL (Individual Difference Scaling), ADCLUS (Additive Clustering) and the probability of the transmitted information. The results were compared with those of a previous study with /a/ vowel context (Bae and Kim, 2002). The overall results showed that the laryngeal features-aspiration, lax and tense-are the most salient features in the perception of Korean consonant regardless of vowel contexts, but the perceptual saliency of place features varies across vowel conditions. In high vowel (front and back vowel) contexts, sibilant consonants were perceptually salient compared to in low vowel contexts. In back vowel contexts, grave (labial and velar) consonants were perceptually salient. These findings imply that place features and vowel features strongly interact in speech perception as well as in speech production. All statistical measures from our confusion data ensured that the perceptual structure of Korean consonants correspond to the hierarchical structure suggested in the feature geometry (Clements, 1991). We discuss the link between speech perception and production as the basis of phonology.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to find how English vowels /a, e, i, o, u/ affect the production of English labials /p, b, f, v/ by Korean learners of English. Sixty syllables were composed by five vowels and four labials in the syllable types CV, VC, and VCV. The nonsense syllables were produced three times by nine subjects. The major results show that (1) in inter-vocalic position, the subjects had higher scores in producing /v/ composed with /a, e, o/ and /u/, while subjects had lower scores in producing /p/ with /i/ and /o/, (2) in post-vocalic position, the subjects had higher scores in producing /v/ and /f/ with /a, e/, and /o/, while subjects had lower scores in producing /b/ with /e/ and /i/, and (3) in pre-vocalic position, the subjects had higher scores in producing /v/ with /e, o, u/ and /f/ with /u/, while subjects had lower scores in producing /b/ with /e/, /i/ and /u/. The results suggest that on the whole, Korean learners of English have much difficulty in producing /p/ with /i/ in inter-vocalic condition and /b/ with /i, /e/ in pre-vocalic position.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2019

This paper investigates the phonological processes of consonants in pronounced words in the Buckeye Corpus and compares the frequency distribution of these processes to provide a clearer understanding of conversational English for linguists and teachers. Both orthographic and pronounced words were extracted from the transcribed label scripts of the Buckeye Corpus. Next, the phonological processes of consonants in the orthographic and pronounced labels were tabulated separately by onsets and codas, and a frequency distribution by consonant process types was examined. The results showed that the majority of the onset clusters were pronounced as the same sounds in the Buckeye Corpus. The participants in the corpus were presumed to speak semiformally. In addition, the onsets have fewer deletions than the codas, which might be related to the information weight of the syllable components. Moreover, there is a significant association and strong positive correlation between the phonological processes of the onsets and codas in men and women. This paper concludes that an analysis of phonological processes in spontaneous speech corpora can contribute to a practical understanding of spoken English. Further studies comparing the current phonological process data with those of other languages would be desirable to establish universal patterns in phonological processes.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2018

Phonological awareness, or consciousness of speech sounds and operational skill with them, develops in the order word > syllable > phoneme, over the ages of four to seven. Among the various types of phonological awareness tasks, the deletion task has a higher level of difficulty because it requires operation and deletion of sounds within words. This task also has a high correlation with reading proficiency. This study utilized a deletion task with 20 questions to see how operational development depended on age and gender. The deletion task, with 20 questions, was tested on four- to six-year old children developing normally (N = 90). The results showed that phonological awareness performance improved with age. This age effect was not accompanied by a gender effect; age and gender interacted. The study confirmed the development of phonological awareness in four- to six-year-old children who were developing normally. The deletion task can be used to effectively detect the risk of difficulties with phonological awareness in preschoolers with speech, language, and reading problems.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

The main purpose of this research was to examine the linguistic characteristics of domestic men's formal wear brand name. Four linguistic characteristics of language type, combined structure type of language, word class, length of brand name were investigated in this research and also examined the difference between brand type. For sample selection, the 209 men's fashion brands were selected from '2009 Korea Fashion Yearbook' and then, 25 brands which could not collect proper informations about the brand name or naming were excluded. Among total 184 men's brand names, 66 men's formal wear brands were selected and studied. For data analysis, quantitative evaluation of the frequency and qualitative evaluation have been used. The result as follows.; (1) Seven language types were found in domestic men's formal wear brand names. English has been used the most, then followed by Italian and French. (2) For combined structure type of brand name language, the single word used the most, followed by separately combined word type, artificially combined word, and unified word type. (3) The most frequently used the type of word class was noun, and followed by phrase, adjective, and verb. In the noun type, 6 different types which expressed a person, concrete & abstract entity, place, acronym, and neologic were found. For phrase, only noun type was appeared, however, 6 out of 20 phrases were abbreviated type. All eight adjective brand names implied an attributive character of the brand such as 'Dainty' or 'Solus(Solo)'. (4) The long name used most and then followed by normal and short length of brand name. Looking by the number of syllable, 4 syllables appeared the most and then followed by 3, 5, 6, 2 & 7 showed the same rate, and 8 syllables. (5) The result which compared the difference according to each brand type showed a difference in its language type, language combined style, word class, but length of brand name.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제49권
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• pp.275-301
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• 2017

본 논문은 부분 중첩으로 만들어진 한국어 상징 부사를 대상으로 한 중국 학자 왕홍군(王洪君)의 운율 형태론적 분석의 문제점과 한계를 지적하기 위해 작성되었다. 필자는 왕홍군(王洪君)과는 달리 부분 중첩 현상을 일관되게 접두사화로 가정하고, 접두사 부가 방식에 대한 분류를 시도해 보았으며, 그 결과 어간의 형태, 특히 말음으로 나타나는 소리 자질은 접두사 부가의 양상을 결정하는데 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 표준 중국어 의성어 부분 중첩 현상에서 접두사 부가에 대한 최적성 이론적 분석을 보이고 이를 토대로 한국어와 표준 중국어 의성 의태어의 제약 등급 순위를 대조한 결과 중첩의 적용 양식이 같음을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 두 언어에서 공히 설단음 /t/와 유음 /l/이 특별한 지위를 갖고 있는 이유를 기능론적 관점에서 설명하였다. 이로써 본 논문에서는 최적성 이론의 틀 안에서 중요한 몇 개의 제약과 그들의 특정 등급만으로 다양한 유형의 한국어와 표준 중국어의 부분 중첩 의성 의태어를 쉽게 분석할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2019

기존의 자동 띄어쓰기 연구는 n-gram 기반의 통계적인 기법을 이용하거나 형태소 분석기를 이용하여 어절 경계면에 공백을 삽입하는 방법으로 띄어쓰기 오류를 수정한다. 본 논문에서는 심층 신경망을 이용한 종단 간(end-to-end) 한국어 문장 자동 띄어쓰기 시스템을 제안한다. 자동 띄어쓰기 문제를 어절 단위가 아닌 음절 단위 태그 분류 문제로 정의하고 음절 unigram 임베딩과 양방향 LSTM Encoder로 문장 음절간의 양방향 의존 관계 정보를 고정된 길이의 문맥 자질 벡터로 연속적인 벡터 공간에 표현한다. 그리고 새로이 표현한 문맥 자질 벡터를 자동 띄어쓰기 태그(B 또는 I)로 분류한 후 B 태그 앞에 공백을 삽입하는 방법으로 한국어 문장의 자동 띄어쓰기를 수행하였다. 자동 띄어쓰기 태그 분류를 위해 전방향 신경망, 신경망 언어 모델, 그리고 선형 체인 CRF의 세 가지 방법의 분류 망에 따라 세 가지 심층 신경망 모델을 구성하고 종단 간 한국어 자동 띄어쓰기 시스템의 성능을 비교하였다. 세 가지 심층 신경망 모델에서 분류 망으로 선형체인 CRF를 이용한 심층 신경망 모델이 더 우수함을 보였다. 학습 및 테스트 말뭉치로는 최근에 구축된 대용량 한국어 원시 말뭉치로 KCC150을 사용하였다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2021

효과적인 분절을 통한 양질의 입력 자질 구성은 언어모델의 문장 이해력을 향상하기 위한 필수적인 단계이다. 입력 자질의 품질 제고는 세부 태스크의 성능과 직결된다. 본 논문은 단어와 문장 분류 관점에서 한국어의 언어적 특징을 효과적으로 반영하는 분절 전략을 비교 연구한다. 분절 유형은 언어학적 단위에 따라 어절, 형태소, 음절, 자모 네 가지로 분류하며, RoBERTa 모델 구조를 활용하여 사전학습을 진행한다. 각 세부 태스크를 분류 단위에 따라 문장 분류 그룹과 단어 분류 그룹으로 구분 지어 실험함으로써, 그룹 내 경향성 및 그룹 간 차이에 대한 분석을 진행한다. 실험 결과에 따르면, 문장 분류에서는 단위의 언어학적 분절 전략을 적용한 모델이 타 분절 전략 대비 최대 NSMC: +0.62%, KorNLI: +2.38%, KorSTS: +2.41% 높은 성능을, 단어 분류에서는 음절 단위의 분절 전략이 최대 NER: +0.7%, SRL: +0.61% 높은 성능을 보임으로써, 각 분류 그룹에서의 효과성을 보여준다.