• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제63권1호
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2020

The fruit, leaves, and roots of Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. have been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cough, diarrhea, and itching. However, the anti-fatigue effects of E. multiflora fruit (EMF) extract have not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of EMF on fatigue and exercise performance in BALB/c mice. EMF was orally administered to mice at four doses (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. The anti-fatigue activity was evaluated by determining the exhaustive swimming time. Blood lactate and glucose levels and serum lactate levels after a 10 min swimming time, as well as ammonia, creatine kinase (CK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glycogen contents after exhaustive swimming time were measured. The exhaustive swimming time of the EMF 200 group was significantly increased (p <0.01). The EMF groups showed significantly low levels of CK, BUN, LDH, and lactate compared with the control group (p <0.05). Increased liver glycogen was observed in the EMF 200 group (p <0.05). These results suggest that EMF can be utilized as an efficacious natural resource for its anti-fatigue effects.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 1994

염소처리된 수영장 물에는 염소처리된 음용수에 비해 높은 농도의 크로로포름이 존재한다.네 개의 수영장 (국내수영장 A,B 및 C 롸 미국 뉴저지주 수영장 D)물에서 클로로포름 농도를 조사하였다. 수영장 C(시관리)에서 측정된 클로로포름 농도는 개인 운영 수영장 A 와 B 에서 측정된 클로로포름 농도와 통계적으로 (p=0.0001) 다르게 나타났다 : 수영장 A, B, 및 C 에서 측정된 클로로포름 농도는 통계적으로(p=0.0001) 다르게 나타났따. 국내 수영장 물의 평균 농도와 농도 범위는 각가 23.$\mu\textrm{g}$/ㅣ 과 10.9-47.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/ㅣ 이며, 뉴저지주 수영장 물의 평균 농도와 농도 범위는 각각 64.4${\mu}g/l$ 과 27.-96${\mu}g/l$ 였다. 국내 수영장은 살균제로서 차아염소산과 오존을 홍용하며, 뉴저지주의 수영장은 차아염소산만으로 살균하므로, 두 지영의 그러한 차이는 100%는 아닐지 라도 최소한 살균 처리 공정의 차이에 기인한 것으로 추정된다. 수영 변수들이 일관성 없이 변하여, 시간이 경과함에 따라 물속의 클롤로포름 농도의 증가 및 감소가 불규칙하게 변했고, 클로로포름 축적도 일정치 않았다는 것이 암시 되었다. 회귀 분석 결과, 시료 채취 시간과 클로로포름 농도 사이에 유의성 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 F 시험 결과는 수영장으로 부터 오전과 오후에 채취된물 시료의 클로로포름 놈도는 서로 다르지 않게 나타났다. 국내 수영장 물의 클로로포름 평균 농도를 23.2${\mu}g/l$ 로 간주하여, 한 시간 수영을 할 때 식도를 통해서 체내에 흡수ㅚ는 클롤로포름의 량은 0.58${\mu}g/l$ 으로 추산되었다. 극단적인 상황에서는, 한 시간 수영을 할 경우 식도를 통해서 체내에 흡수되는 크롤로포름의 량이 12${\mu}g/l$ 으로 추산되었다. 수영장 물어서의 클로로포름 함유량을 고려해 볼 때, 오전 또는 오후에 수영을 하든지 간에 식도를 통해서 체내에 흡수되는 클로로포름의 량은 차이가 없는 것으로 간주된다.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2019

Objectives: Cultivated wild ginseng (cWG), called SanYangSanSam, has been used clinically in patients with chronic fatigue in Korea. Little is known about effects of the ginseng distilled (volatile) components produced during evaporizaiton. Recently, we first identified one major component from cWG distilled extract, panaxydol, by using mass spectrometry. However, functional properties of cWG distilled extract and panaxydol remains elusive. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of cWG distilled extract or panaxydol on exercise-induced fatigue in rats. Methods: Fatigue was induced by forced swimming and the immobility time was analyzed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals received intraperitoneally either vehicle, cWG distilled extract, or panaxydol 10 min prior to beginning of the forced swimming test (FST) once daily for 5 days. After the FST on day 5, we also analyzed fatigue-related biochemical levels including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate acid (LAC), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum and levels of glycogen in liver and soleus muscle. Results: The forced swimming time in cWG distilled extract (0.6 mL/kg)-treated group was significantly longer than that of control group on day 4 and 5. Panaxydol (0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg)-treated groups showed significantly enhanced performance in the forced swimming, compared to control. In addition, a significant decrease in serum LDH level was found in panaxydol-treated group, while there were no alternations in levels of serum BUN and LAC and glycogen in liver or soleus muscle. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated cWG distilled extract and its active component panaxydol have a function of anti-fatigue.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.191-197
• /
• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-depressant effect of Chilbokum on rats under the forced swimming test (FST) Methods : The rats were treated with the herbal extract, Chilbokum. In order to induce depression-like symptoms, the FST was conducted afterwards. The immobility time was measured during a 5-min experimental session. The alterations of the 5-HT level in the hypothalamus and hippocampus and the change of corticosterone level in the blood induced by FST were determined in the rats. Results : The results were as follows: 1. The immobility time during 5 min of FST in the drug administration group showed significant decreases compared with the control group (p<0.05). 2. The FST+Chilbokum group had significantly increased 5-HT levels of the hypothalamus and hippocampus, compared with the control group (p<0.05, respectively). 3. The FST+Chilbokum group had significantly decreased corticosterone levels, compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions : These results demonstrate that the reduced immobility time by Chilbokum may be mediated by the increase in 5-HT level in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, suggesting that Chilbokum has a potential therapeutic efficacy for human depression.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.233-239
• /
• 2014

The present study was designed to investigate the effect Hypericum Perforatum (HP), on behavioral changes, corticosterone, TNF-${\alpha}$ levels and tryptophan metabolism and disposition in bilateral ovariectomized rats compared to $17{\alpha}$-ethinylestradiol. Behavioral analysis by measuring immobility time in forced swimming test and open field test, serum and hippocampal corticosterone and TNF-${\alpha}$ along with hippocampal kynurenine/tryptophan ratio were determined in mature ovariectomized rats treated orally either by HP at three different doses 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day or by $17{\alpha}$-ethinylestradiol $30{\mu}g/kg/day$ for 30 days. Ovariectomized rats showed significant increase in immobility time in the forced swimming test. Along with elevation in serum and hippocampal TNF-${\alpha}$ and corticosterone levels associated with significant increase in hippocampal kynurenine/tryptophan ratio. Immobility time in the forced swimming test was decreased in rats treated by different doses of HP in a dose dependent manner and $17{\alpha}$-ethinylestradiol with no concomitant changes in the open field test. Only Rats treated with HP exhibited significant decrease in the elevated serum and hippocampal TNF-${\alpha}$ and corticosterone, which couldn't explain the associated insignificant effect on hippocampaus kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in comparison to ovariectomized untreated rats. It is concluded that increased tryptophan metabolism toward kynurenine secondary to elevated corticosterone and TNF-${\alpha}$ might be one of the pathohphysiological mechanisms that could explain depression like state observed in this rat model. Further, the observed attenuating effect of HP on TNF-${\alpha}$ and corticosterone could contribute in its antidepressant effect in this animal model by other ways than their effects on tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism pathway.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.648-655
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 식품소재로의 이용 가능한 천연물을 이용하여 두 종류의 자양강장용 식품(formula A와 formula B)을 배합하고 복합물의 효능을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, EC군에 비하여 EFA군과 EFB군의 강제 수영능력시간이 각각 평균 42%와 38% 증가되는 유의적으로 높은 수영능력을 보였으며(p<0,05), 90분간 수영을 한 군(90-min subgroups)에서 EC군에 비하여 EFA군 및 EFB군의 혈청 유리지방산과 중성지방의 농도가 유의적으로 낮았고(p<0.05), EFB군의 혈청 암모니아의 농도가 EC군에 비하여 유의하게 낮은 수치를 보였다(p<0.05). 또한, EFB군의 근육 글리코겐 농도가 EC군에 비하여 높은 경향을 보였으나, 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 본 연구에서 선정한 복합물 2종은 실험동물의 체내 중성지방으로부터 유리지방산으로의 전환을 촉진하여 단백질과 포도당을 절약하고, 에너지 생성 및 공급 효율 증가, 운동으로 야기되는 체조직 손상 억제 그리고 피로물질 축적 지연 등의 효과를 가져와 강제수영능력을 증가시킨 것으로 생각된다.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2022

HemoHIM was used as a Korean traditional medicine for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, there is no study on the effect of HemoHIM on fatigue. We examined the potential use of HemoHIM to determine whether it can induce anti-fatigue effects. Mice were administered with HemoHIM and VEH for 14 days. On the last day of treatment, mice were subjected to behavioral tests. Subsequently, their plasma and muscle were collected after the treadmill test to measure lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ammonia, corticosterone, glycogen, and creatine kinase (CK). We found that HemoHIM moderately increased the running time (s) in the treadmill and mobility duration in the cold swimming tests. In addition, the VEH group showed a significant increase in lactate, LDH, and corticosterone levels in the plasma compared to the group that did not perform the test. However, this was moderately reduced in HemoHIM treatment. Moreover, the HemoHIM-treated group showed significant differences in LDH and glycogen levels, and showed significantly different CK levels in the muscle. HemoHIM is considered to be effective in improving fatigue, given the duration of cold swimming or running time on a treadmill. Also, HemoHIM treatment resulted in reduced concentrations of blood and muscle parameter analysis.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 1996

The studies were conducted to investigate the anti-diabetic activities on the hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin in rats, Anti-fatigue, Decrease of body weight activities in mouse and anti-gastric ulcer activities in stress-induced rats by Mixed Extracts of Acantopanacis senticosi Radicis Cortex and Eucommiae Cortex in Korea. 1. The blood glucose levels of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats were dose-dependently decreased by administrations of various doses(100, 200, 400, significantly 200+100mg/kg) of Mixed Extracts from Acantopanacis senticosi Radicis Cortex and Eucommiae Cortex. 2. The serum total cholesterol levels of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats were dose-dependently decreased by administrations of various doses (100, 200, 400, significantly 200+100mg/kg) of Mixed Extracts from Acantopanacis senticosi Radicis Cortex and Eucommiae Cortex. 3. The serum triglyceride levels of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats were dose-dependently decreased by administrations of various doses(100, 200, 400, significantly 200+100mg/kg) of Mixed Extracts from Acantopanacis senticosi Radicis Cortex and Eucommiae Cortex. 4. The swimming time levels in mouse were dose-dependently extended by administrations of various doses(100, 200, 400, significantly 200+100mg/kg) of Mixed Extracts from Acantopanacis senticosi Radicis Cortex and Eucommiae Cortex. 5. The body weight levels in mouse were dose-dependently decreased by administrations of various doses(100, 200, 400, significantly 200+100mg/kg) of Mixed Extracts from Acantopanacis senticosi Radicis Cortex and Eucommiae Cortex. 6. Stress-induced gastric ulcer were dose-dependently repaired by administrations of various doses(100, 200, 400, significantly 200+100mg/kg) of Mixed Extracts from Acantopanacis senticosi Radicis Cortex and Eucommiae Cortex.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.331-338
• /
• 2011

Red ginseng (RG, the extract of Panax ginseng Meyer) has various biological and psychological activities and may also alleviate fatigue-related disorders. The present study was undertaken to evaluate what kind of fatigue red ginseng alleviate. Animals were orally administered with 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg of RG for 7 days. Before experiments were performed. Physiological stress (swimming, rotarod, and wire test) are behavioral parameters used to represent physical fatigue. Restraint stress and electric field test to a certain degree, induce psychological fatigue in animals. Plasma concentration of lactate and corticosterone (CORT) were also measured after these behavioral assays. RG supplementation (100 mg/kg) increased movement duration and rearing frequency of restrainted mice in comparison with control. 100 and 200 mg/kg of RG increased swimming time in cold water ($8{\pm}4^{\circ}C$) while at 100 mg/kg, RG increased electric field crossing over frequencies. 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg RG prolonged running time on the rotarod and at 100 mg/kg, it increased balancing time on the wire. RG at those doses also reduced falling frequencies. RG supplementation decreased plasma CORT levels, which was increased by stress. Lactate levels were not significantly altered. These results suggest that RG supplementation can alleviate more the damages induced by psychological than physical fatigue.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2020

Objectives In this study, we analyzed the effect of Dioscoreae Rhizoma on exercise practice ability and blood fatigue variable factor in the forced swimming test. Methods Male mice were divided into four group. Mice were administrated with saline, Discorae Rhizoma extracted by water (DRW), Discorae Rhizoma extracted by 30% ethanol (DRE), red ginseng (RG), orally once per day, for 1 week. Exercise performance was evaluated by exhaustive swimming time and weights. Glycogen contents of liver and soleus muscle were measured at the end of the experiment. In addition, the biochemical parameters such as asparate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen, creatine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ammonia, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acid (FFA) were analyzed. Results Both DRW and DRE showed an improvement of swimming endurance compared with control group. Levels of ALT, ammonia, TG, TC and FFA were significantly decreased in both DRW and DRE compared with control group. Levels of AST, Creatine were significantly reduced in DRE group compared with control group. Moreover LDH showed only a tendency to increase in the DRW and DRE groups. Conclusions In summary, the present study showed that Dioscoreae Rhizoma improved in physical fatigue and exercise practice ability and DRE improved the superior than those of DRW.