• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.7-14
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• 2010

Purpose: The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of balance and gait ability through two motor dual task training in chronic stroke subjects. Methods: A group of twenty-five subjects who were six months post stroke participated in this study, where they were designated into pretest-posttest control The subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: experimental (n=13) and control (n=12). Both groups received physical therapy for 5 session 30 minutes per week during 6 weeks. Experimental group practiced additional two motor dual task training programs for thirty minutes a day, three days a week during six weeks. Evaluation of results was obtained through analyzing static balance, dynamic balance and gait function. Results: There was significant improvement among the group that practiced the additional two motor dual task training in that the postural sway area with open eye and close eye on the foam surface, the dynamic balance (p<0.05), and the gait function (p<0.05). Conclusion: Two motor dual task training improved static balance on the foam, dynamic balance, gait function. These results suggest that two motor dual task training is a feasible and suitable treatment for individuals with chronic stroke.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.580-583
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of ankle balance training on unstable and stable surfaces to discover on which surface the proprioception, balance and muscle strength of obese middle aged women improves more. Method: 30 obese middle-aged women were randomly recruited and divided into two groups (training on an unstable surface, training on a stable surface). The subjects in each group participated in the training for six weeks, three times per week for 30 minutes each session. Proprioception was measured using Dualer IQ digital inclinometer; sway length (SL) and sway area (SA) of center of pressure, and limit of stability (LOS) were measured for balance; muscle strength before and after the training was measured using manual muscle testing. Results: There were significant improvements in the subscales of the proprioception, balance and muscle strength in those who participated in ankle balance training on the unstable surface, and in those who participated on the stable surface. Therefore, the training of participants on unstable and stable surfaces did not identify which ankle balance training technique was more effective. Conclusion: Unstable and stable surface ankle balance training are both effective in improving the proprioception, balance and muscle strength of obese middle-aged woman.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.61-71
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• 2012

In daily activities, people often perform two or more tasks simultaneously. This is referred to as dual-tasking or multi-tasking. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of performing dual tasks while using a mobile phone on static and dynamic postural stability. Twenty-four subjects were asked to stand on a force plate and then instructed to perform a balance task only (BT), a balance task while listening to music (BTL), a balance task while talking on the mobile phone (BTT), and a balance task while sending text messages (BTS). We used the BioRescue$^{(R)}$ to measure postural sway and limit of stability for static and dynamic postural stability. Also the star excursion balance test (SEBT) was used to measure dynamic postural stability. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare the effects of the BT, BTL, BTT, and BTS. The Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to determine the differences among four tasks. Carrying out the BTS significantly decreased the limit of stability compared with carrying out the BT, BTL, and BTT (p<.05). In limit of stability, total surface area of BTT was more significantly decreased than that of BT and total surface area of BTS was more decreased than that of BT, BTL and BTT (p<.05). In the SEBT, the BTS displayed significantly smaller reach distance values compared with the BT or BTL (p<.05). These findings suggest that performing the balance task while sending text message on the mobile phone decreases dynamic postural stability, whereas performing the same task while listening to music using the mobile phone does not. Therefore, it requires more attention to maintain dynamic balance while sending text messages.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between static and dynamic balance according to the virtual reality-based squat and conventional squat exercise. Methods : Twenty four participants were randomly assigned to the virtual reality-based squat (VRS) group (n=12) or conventional squat (CS) group (n=12). The static balance (C90 area, C90 angle, trace length, sway average velocity) and dynamic balance (forward, rearward, leftward, rightward) were measured using a force plate by BT4. The VRS group used the virtual reality system during 4 weeks, while the CS group underwent classical squat training. Independent t-test was used to test the homogeneity of the general characteristics of the subjects. The collected data was analyzed using the paired t-test for static and dynamic balance comparisons before and after exercise in both groups and Pearson's test for the correlation between static and dynamic balance according to the measured time. The significance level was set to 0.05. Results : There was no significant correlation between group and static and dynamic balance related variables (p>.05). There was a significant correlation between measurement time and static and dynamic balance related variables (p<.05). According to the measurement time, the static balance parameter C90 area in the VRS group after exercise was significantly decreased (p<.05). The values of forward, leftward and rightward in the VRS group were significantly increased after exercise (p<.05). Conclusion : It is suggested that 20 normal healthy adult men and women who have normal balance ability can improve their ability to control their posture by improving the balance ability when applying virtual reality-based squat exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2011

With the discovery of WooJam JabJeo, Jang-Taegyung[1809~1887] was highlighted as a noted doctor who won fame in the neighborhood of Gwangju, but with 'WoodJam Mango' seeing the light of day, this study was able to confirm the appearance of a literary man enjoying a reputation enough to sway literary circles with his writing of poems. It's possible to confirm his past related to medical service only until age of 42, which is because description in "WooJam JabJeo" came to a halt there. The situation is that the contents of 'WooJam Mango' started from age of 46 and were carried on even until after his death by his followers. Therefore, there exists a very intense impression that he might have put a focus on the life as a literary man ever after his mid-40s. and considering that he breathed his last at the age of 79, it's not difficult for us to estimate that his life was predominantly a series of literary activities rather than a health care provider. The place names appearing in "WooJam JabJeo" and "WooJam Mango" are limited to today's Jeonlanam-do, and this researcher would say that the through-composed poems, which sang of the beauty of Gwangju area scenery are the works, deserve to get a spotlight in local history even today. Through the above discussion, this study could prove that WooJam is a flawless figure enough to represent Gwangju and Jeonlanam-do as a health care provider and a literary person as well.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.206-210
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• 2015

Background: Fatigue has a strong impact on workers' performance and safety, but expedient methods for assessing fatigue on the job are not yet available. Studies discuss posturography as an indicator of fatigue, but further evidence for its use in the workplace is needed. The purpose of the study is to examine whether posturography is a suitable indicator of fatigue in clerical workers. Methods: Thirty-six employees (${\emptyset}$ 34.8 years, standard deviation = 12.5) participated in postural tasks (eyes open, eyes closed, arm swinging, and dual task) in the morning and afternoon. Position of their center of pressure (COP) was registered using a Nintendo Wii Balance Board and commercial software. From registered COP time series, we calculated the following parameters: path length (mm), velocity (mm/s), anterior-posterior variance (mm), mediolateral variance (mm), and confidence area ($mm^2$). These parameters were reduced to two orthogonal factors in a factor analysis with varimax rotation. Results: Statistical analysis of the first factor (path length and velocity) showed a significant effect of time of day: COP moved along a shorter path at a lower velocity in the afternoon compared with that in the morning. There also was a significant effect of task, but no significant interaction. Conclusion: Data suggest that postural stability of clerical workers was comparable in the morning and afternoon, but COP movement was greater in the morning. Within the framework of dynamic systems theory, this could indicate that the postural system explored the state space in more detail, and thus was more ready to respond to unexpected perturbations in the morning.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.42-49
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• 2008

The most important job in the container terminal area is to handle the cargo effectively in the limited time. To achieve this object, many strategies have been introduced and applied to. If we consider the automated container terminal, it is necessary that the cargo handling equipments are equipped with more intelligent control systems. From the middle of the 1990's, an automated rail-mounted gantry crane(RMGC) and rubber-tired gantry crane(RTG) have been developed and widely used to handle containers in the yards. Recently, in these cranes, the many equipments like CCD cameras and sensors are mounted to cope with the automated terminal environment. In this paper, we try to support the development of more intelligent automated cranes which make the cargo handling be performed effectively in the yards. For this plant, the modelling, tracking control, anti-sway system design, skew motion suppressing and complicated motion control and suppressing problems must be considered. Especially, in this paper, the system modelling and tracking control approach are discussed. And, we design the tracking control system incorporating an observer based on the 2DOF servo system design approach to obtain the desired state informations. In the case of observer design, a weighted $H_{\infty}$ error bound approach for a state estimator is considered. Based on an algebraic Riccati equation(inequality) approach, a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a full-order estimator which satisfies the weighted $H_{\infty}$ error bound is introduced. Where, the condition for existence of the estimator is denoted by a Linear Matrix Inequality(LMI) which gives an optimized solution and observer gain. Based on this result, we apply it to the tracking control system design for the transfer crane.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.1-1
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• 1995

This paper evaluates the historical development of national park policy and administration in Japan from the perspective of achieving sustainable development in nationally important ecological areas. Contrary to the widely held belief, the national park system in Japan has been unsuccessful in balancing conservation and development. The fundamental reasons for its failure are as follows: the Japan's national park system has been largely founded and developed based on economic grounds and held sway by economic development policy; the policy and administrative coordination between government units concerning conservation and development has not been carried out; public participation and environmental groups' involvement in the decision making have been extremely limited; national parks have been perceived in the public image not as distinctive national heritage but as finest and popular tourist sites; and the dominant interest of tourism and recreational development has prevailed over conservation interest. Japan's unsuccessful experience and lessons imply that there is urgent need to drastically reform our national park system, largely founded on the Japanese model, in order to save our last national environmental heritage.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.303-315
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• 1995

This paper evaluates the historical development of national park policy and administration in Japan from the perspective of achieving sustainable development in nationally important ecological areas. Contrary to the widely held belief, the national park system in Japan has been unsuccessful in balancing conservation and development. The fundamental reasons for its failure are as follows: the Japan's national park system has been largely founded and developed based on economic grounds and held sway by economic development policy; the policy and administrative coordination between government units concerning conservation and development has not been carried out; public participation and environmental groups' involvement in the decision making have been extremely limited; national parks have been perceived in the public image not as distinctive national heritage but as finest and popular tourist sites; and the dominant interest of tourism and recreational development has prevailed over conservation interest. Japan's unsuccessful experience and lessons imply that there is urgent need to drastically reform our national park system, largely founded on the Japanese model, in order to save our last national environmental heritage.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of patellar taping on balance and gait abilities in chronic stroke patients. Design: Randomized placebo-controlled trial. Methods: Thirty chronic stroke patients who have been diagnosed at least six months or before were recruited from R hospital. These study subjects were randomized to the experimental group (n=15) or placebo group (n=15). In the experimental group, patellar taping was applied while for the placebo group, placebo taping was applied. The Balance System SD was used for measuring dynamic standing balance in these two groups. In addition, the GAITRite (CIR System Inc.) system was utilized for calculating gait performance in these patients. Results: After application of taping, the patellar taping group showed a significant decrease in dynamic standing balance in their sway area (p<0.05). However, in the placebo group, there was no significant difference in dynamic standing balance ability and gait ability before and after application of taping. Comparison of the patellar taping group and placebo group showed significant differences in dynamic standing balance ability and gait performance (p<0.05). Conclusions: From the results of this study, it appears that application of patellar taping in chronic stroke patients significantly improved dynamic standing balance ability and gait ability in these patients. Based on these results, patellar taping is thought to be useful in real clinical settings where there are many chronic patients who are in need of improvement in their balance and gait ability.