• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.43-55
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• 2018

Objective: This study aims to discover how tongue self-resistance exercise affects the swallowing function of patients with stroke. Method: The subjects of this study were two patients who were treated at the Y hospital in Gyeonggido. Data were gathered by VFSS regarding the degree of swallowing disability and oral intake before and after intervention. This study analyzed case studies of two patients. One patient's intervention was applied in September 2012 for three weeks. The other's intervention was applied in February 2014 for three weeks. At the first session, the VFSS examination was administered. Then, intervention began after the patients gave their consent for participation. Each session was practiced 10 times per set, but one session had 3 sets. Intervention frequency consisted of five sessions per week, and it was conducted for three weeks. Tongue self-resistance exercise included tongue protrusion, tongue lateralization, and tongue elevation on the hard palate. Results: The first tongue self-resistance exercise had a positive effect on swallowing function because of the decrease in VFS score. The second tongue self-resistance exercise showed improved oral intake based on FOIS scores. Conclusion: This study's results suggest that there are many benefits of tongue self-resistance exercise on the swallowing function when it is applied to patients with stroke.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.605-613
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• 2016

This study was investigated to effect of tongue strength and accuracy training (TSAT) on tongue strength, swallowing function, quality of life in chronic stroke patients with dysphagia. Eighteen chronic stroke patients with dysphagia participated in this study, and were allocated randomly to experimental(n=9) and control group(n=9). both group conducted to traditional dysphagia therapy, and experimental group was carried out additionally TSAT. TSAT performed using Iowa Oral Performance Instrument(IOPI), and was set up to 50%, 75%, 100% of maximum isometric tongue strength. Two groups received the treatment for five per weeks, eight weeks. Outcome measurements performed that Maximum Isometric Strength(MIS) was assessed by using IOPI for measure the tongue strength, and Swallowing Function Test(SFT) was used to assess the swallowing function. Swallowing-Quality of Life(SWAL-QOL) was used to evaluate quality of life related to swallow. In results of study, experimental group in comparison of change score between two group significantly improve than control group in anterior and posterior MIS, and SFT. SWAL-QOL was not significantly difference in both group. Based on thin study results, TSAT may be a effective intervention to improve on tongue strength, and swallowing function in chronic stroke patients with dysphagia.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of rehabilitation therapy with natural recovery in patients who had dysphagia due to stroke. Swallowing functions were examined on a total of 98 patients with stroke-caused dysphagia based on a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) for 8 weeks. The each group was evaluated with DOSS, DSS and FOSS to assess swallowing ability in the first week and re-evaluated in the $8^{th}$ week during the session for investigating the recovery status. The author compared the above initial data and follow-up data using a Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon's Signed Rank test, ANCOVA to confirm statistically controlling for the effects of other continuous variables, performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 for windows. There was statistically significant recovery in the experimental group except measure of DOSS (p>0.05). In the control group, it showed improvement in all the scales(p<0.05). After terminating each session, the comparison of the two group of patients showed statistical significant differences in DSS and FOSS(p<0.05). These results suggest that possibility of natural neurologic recovery has positive effects on early stage of dysphagia caused by stroke.

• 재활복지
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.283-299
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dysphagia intervention function and life quality of stroke patients. each 5 patients were randomly assigned in two groups, control group performing indirect feeding and experimental group performing direct feeding. Evaluation of the swallowing function was performed before intervention, after 4weeks and 8 weeks using CDS, PAS with VFSS and quality of life was performed twice, before and after intervention. Two groups showed the improved swallowing function, control group showed the significant difference only in CDS(p<.05). but experimental group showed the significant differenc in CDS and PAS(p<.01). both groups showed the significant improvement in quality of life(p<.05). but in comparison between group, no significant statistical difference were found(p>.05). Therefore, this study showed that both the swallowing function and quality of life were improved as time passed, but swallowing function was much more improved in experimental group.

• 재활복지
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.265-281
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• 2016

This study was to investigate the correlation among swallowing function, dietary level, cognitive function, daily living, and comparison for general characteristics in stroke patients with dysphagia. Subjects of this study participated to 56 stroke patients with dysphagia. Outcome measures is evaluated by Functional Dysphagia Scale(FDS), and Amerian Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcomes Measurements System(ASHA NOMS), and Korean Mini-Mental State Examination(K-MMSE), and Korean Modified Barthel Index(K-MBI). Collected all data analyezed to independent t test for four assessments, and general characteristics of study subjects analyzed by pearson correlation coefficient for four assessments. Results of study, swallowing function according to lesion location differed significantly(p<.05). Cognitive function according to onset duration differed significantly(p<.05). Age of subjects and dietary level, cognitive function showed a significant correlation(p<.05). Swallowing function and dietary level, cognitive function showed a significant correlation(p<.05). Cognitive function and dietary level, daily living showed a significant correlation(p<.05). Based on current results, we suggest that swallowing rehabilitation for stroke patients with dysphagia performed with consideration for cognitive function and characteristic of patients.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2006

A 3-month-old, 2.8 kg, female Cocker spaniel was presented with chronic history of dysphagia since weaning. Video fluoroscopic examination revealed swallowing problems in the upper esophageal sphincters. It was diagnosed as cricopharyngeal achalasia. Cricopharyngeal and thyropharyngeal myectomy was performed. One day after surgical management, normal swallowing movement was observed in the video fluoroscopic examination of the dog. There was no evidence of recurrence for 15 months.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.255-260
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• 2008

Purpose: Tongue cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity and the ultimate goal in treatment of the cancer is not only complete excision and meticulous closure of the wound, but also, reconstruction of a demensional and functional tongue. Our study focuses on various factors, such as defect size, extent of tumor, age, application of mandibulectomy or radiotherapy, and their influences on postoperative speech and swallowing function. Methods: Our study was based on 59 patients who underwent tongue cancer operation and reconstruction of the tongue. Speech and swallowing were evaluated according to categories documented by Sultan and Teichgraeber. Patients were classified into 3 groups as partial glossectomy, hemiglossectomy and total glossectomy groups for evaluation. The average age of the patients were 51, and the mean follow-up period was 4 years 2 months. Results: The partial glossectomy group showed statistically relevant results for speech articulation and swallowing abilities compared to the total glossectomy group. In cases of defects involving the mouth floor, the group showed decreased results compared to the group without mouth floor involvement. Increased age showed decreased postoperative results with statistical significance, while mandibulectomy and radiotherapy revealed no statistically significant data. Analysis according to TNM staging resulted in decreased functional result with advanced staging without statistical significance. Conclusion: To summarize the factors influencing the functional outcome in tongue reconstruction, younger patients and early stage cancer with minimal surgical extent revealed more satisfying results while mandibulectomy and radiation did not have influence on our analysis. Addition of various influencing factors and studies with longer follow up periods on our patient groups may provide effective data for more satisfying functional outcomes in the future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the significant factors for risk estimate of aspiration and to evaluate the efficiency of the dysphagia assessment tool. Methods: A consecutive series of 210 stroke patients with aspiration symptoms such as cough and dysphagia who had soft or regular diet without tube feeding were examined. The dysphagia assessment tool for aspiration was compared with videofluoroscopy using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. Results: In CART analysis, of 34 factors, the significant factors for estimating risk of aspiration were cough during swallowing, oral stasis, facial symmetry, salivary drooling, and cough after swallowing. The risk estimate error of the revised dysphagia assessment tool was 25.2%, equal to that of videofluoroscopy. Conclusion: The results indicate that the dysphagia assessment tool developed and examined in this study was potentially useful in the clinical field and the primary risk estimating factor was cough during swallowing. Oral stasis, facial symmetry, salivary drooling, cough after swallowing were other significant factors, and based on these results, the dysphagia assessment tool for aspiration was revised and complemented.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3259-3263
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• 2016

Aims: To determine suitable food textures for videofluoroscopic study of swallowing (VFSS), in order to predict and prevent subsequent aspiration pneumonia in esophageal cancer patients with dysphagia after surgery. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 45 hospitalized esophageal cancer patients who underwent surgery between January 2012 and December 2013. The control group consisted of 43 patients treatmed from January 2010 until December 2011 and were not examined by VFSS. Test foods, which were presented in order of increasing thickness, included thin barium sulfate (Ba) liquid (3 or 10 ml), slightly thickened Ba liquid (3 or 10 ml), a spoonful of Ba jelly, and a spoonful of Ba puree. Results: Patients could most safely swallow puree, followed by jelly. The 3-mL samples of both the thin and thick liquids put patients at risk for aspiration pneumonia, with incidence rates of 13% and 11%, respectively. While 64.4% of patients could swallow all test foods and liquids safely, 35.6% were at risk for aspiration pneumonia when swallowing liquids. Even though >30% of patients were at risk, only 1 (2.2%) in the VFSS group developed aspiration pneumonia, which occurred at the time of admission. Following VFSS, no incidence of aspiration pneumonia was observed. However, aspiration pneumonia occurred in 4 (9.3%) control patients during hospitalization. Conclusions: Postoperative esophageal cancer patients were more likely to aspirate any kind of liquid than solid foods, such as jellies. VFSS is very useful in determining suitable food textures for postoperative esophageal cancer patients.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to provide the basis for the treatment intervention by identifying the treatment effect when rehabilitation intervention is applied to patients with dysphagia due to stroke and by comparing the results of the treatment mediation according to the differences of the treatment methods and frequency. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: 30 people diagnosed with dysphagia due to stroke were divided in accordance with the differences in treatment mediation techniques and treatment frequency- traditional swallowing rehabilitation coupled with neuromuscular electrical stimulation group and only neuromuscular electrical stimulation group/ 5 times per week group and 2 times per week group, and ten weeks of treatment intervention was performed. Paired t test was employed to show the efficacy of treatment intervention, Independent sample t test was used to compare the results according to difference and number of treatment intervention techniques. Results: There was a significant positive effect of treatment on traditional swallowing rehabilitation coupled with neuromuscular electrical stimulation group, only neuromuscular electrical stimulation group, 5 times per week group and 2 times per week group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in treatment effect between traditional swallowing rehabilitation coupled with neuromuscular electrical stimulation group and only neuromuscular electrical stimulation group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in treatment effect between 5 times per week group and 2 times per week group (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference according to the technique or number of treatments of swallowing rehabilitation treatment interventions, but it was confirmed that rehabilitation intervention for dysphagia showed positive treatment effect.