• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3513-3518
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• 2014

The 14-3-3 protein has been shown to be involved in the cancer process. However, there is no understanding of the relationship between 14-3-$3{\gamma}$ (14-3-3 gamma) expression and prognosis in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. In this study, we therefore investigated the association between protein levels by immunohistochemistry and clinicopathological features of advanced NSCLC patients. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and tested by log-rank. Multivariate analysis was conducted with the Cox's regression model to determine independence of factors. p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. A total 153 patients were studied, with 54.3% being stage III and 45.8% stage IV. Fifty-one cases (33.3%) were squamous cell carcinomas, and 98 cases (64.1%) were adenocarcinomas. High 14-3-$3{\gamma}$ expression was seen in 59.5% and significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.010) and distant metastasis (p=0.017). On Kaplan-Meier analysis, high 14-3-$3{\gamma}$ expression was associated with poorer survival with a marginal trend toward significance (p=0.055). On multivariate analysis, age, treatment, and 14-3-$3{\gamma}$ expression proved to be independent prognostic parameters. In vitro experiments indicated that 14-3-$3{\gamma}$ overexpression also played a potential role in cancer invasion. In conclusion, our data suggest that 14-3-$3{\gamma}$ overexpression is associated with invasion and a poor prognosis. Therefore, 14-3-$3{\gamma}$ may be a potential prognostic marker of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.825-830
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) expression in predicting tumor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and outcomes for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: Clinicopathological factors and expression of PDCD4 were evaluated in 92 patients with LARC treated with nCRT. After the completion of therapy, 4 cases achieved clinical complete response (cCR), and thus the remaining 88 patients underwent a standardized total mesorectal excision procedure. There were 38 patients (41.3%) with a good response (TRG 3-4) and 54 (58.7%) with a poor one (TRG 0-2). Results: Immunohistochemical staining analyses showed that patients with high expression of PDCD4 were more sensitive to nCRT than those with low PDCD4 expression (P=0.02). High PDCD4 expression before nCRT and good response (TRG3-4) were significantly associated with improved 5-year disease-free survival and 5-year overall survival (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the pretreatment PDCD4 expression was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that high expression of PDCD4 protein is a useful predictive factor for good tumor response to nCRT and good outcomes in patients with LARC.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.129-137
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• 2018

With the advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution, destructive technologies have become more frequent and companies are facing difficulties in survival with existing technologies, and companies are pursuing the survival or growth of businesses through business diversification as a countermeasure. There is a lack of research on the effects of perceived possibility of policy finance and management support, which act as a driving force of corporate growth, on firm performance. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect of business diversification on the performance of SMEs. For this study, data were collected from 525 employees of 20 SMEs. Statistical analysis was performed using regression analysis. First, the product diversification and market diversification, which are independent variables of business diversification of SMEs, have a positive (+) influence on firm performance. Second, it is shown that product diversification, which is an independent variable, is controlled by the possibility of perceiving as a controlling variable in the effect of product diversification, which is a dependent variable, while market diversification during business diversification is not controlled by perception appear. This analysis suggests that SMEs need product diversification to create corporate performance. After discussing the above conclusions and implications, the direction of the research for the follow - up study was suggested.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.251-261
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• 2020

The developmental ecology and temperature-dependent growth model were calculated to develop the Scotinophara lurida control technology, which is mainly affected by environmentally friendly rice cultivation. The survival rate of S. lurida after overwintering in 2019 showed that 167 of 224 survived and the survival rate was 72.8%. Overwintering adult of S. lurida occur in rice fields in mid-June, spawn in early July, and first-generation adults develop in mid-August. In order to determine the temperature-dependent growth model, the growth periods by temperature and development stage were investigated in a incubator at 18, 21, 24, 27, 30℃ and 14L: 10D. The period from egg to adult at the temperature of 18, 21, 24, 27, 30℃ was 119.8, 73.1, 53.5, 39.4, and 82.0 days, respectively. The best development temperature was at 27℃. The regression curve was obtained by analyzing the relationship between temperature and growth rate using the Excell program, and the base temperature threshold and effective cumulative temperature for each development stage were calculated. From eggs to 5 nymphs of S. lurida the base temperature threshold was 17.9℃ and the effective cumulative temperature was 380.2 DD.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.133-138
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• 2014

Purpose: If the survival of patients suffering from severe blunt trauma is to be improved, appropriate interventions should be taken immediately. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical utility of end-tidal carbon dioxide ($ETCO_2$) as a surrogate marker for predicting both the need for intervention and the prognosis. Methods: This is a prospective observational study. Nasal cannula was applied to measure $ETCO_2$, and the following parameters, which are known to be related to the prognosis for a patient, were recorded: injury severity score (ISS), revised trauma score (RTS), arterial blood gas (ABG), lactate, and hemoglobin (Hb). To evaluate the outcome, we investigated the details of emergent interventions and expired patients. Results: A total of 93 patients were enrolled in this study. Emergent intervention was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (sBP, p-value=0.001), $ETCO_2$ (p-value<0.001), serum lactate level (p-value<0.001), pH (p-value< 0.003), $HCO_3$ (p-value=0.004), base excess (p-value<0.002), ISS (p-value<0.001) and RTS (p-value=0.005). In the multivariate logistic regression, only $ETCO_2$ (odds ratio (OR): 0.897, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.792-0.975, p-value= 0.048) and ISS (OR: 1.132, 95% CI: 1.053-1.233, p-value=0.002) were associated with emergent intervention whereas $ETCO_2$ (p-value=0.973) and ISS (p-value=0.511) were not statistically significant in predicting the survival of patients in the univariate analysis. An optimal ETCO cut-off of 29 mmHg on the ROC curve was determined, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) being 0.824 (0.732-0.917)]. Conclusion: This study has revealed that $ETCO_2$, which can be rapid and easily measured through a nasal cannula, and the ISS may be prognostic indicators of emergent interventions in Emergency Departments.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.34-46
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• 2010

Objective: This experimental study was performed to examine if Hang-Am-Dan non-boiled water extracts (HAD-N) induce apoptosis in human lung carcinoma NCI-H460 cells in vitro and inhibits the growth of NCI-H460 cell-transplanted solid tumor in vivo. Materials and Methods: We cultured NCI-H460 cell lines and xenografted them to nude mice. The mice were divided into 3 groups, NCI-H460 cell alone, NCI-H460 + 90 mg/kg HAD-N treated group, and NCI-H460 + 180 mg/kg HAD-N treated group, with seven mice per group. HAD-N was orally administrated every day for four weeks. We checked their body weight and tumor weight and volumes two times a week and their absolute organ weight and biochemical blood analysis at the final day by sacrificing them. We also calculated their tumor inhibition rate (IR), mean survival time and percent increase in life span (% ILS). Results: In this study, we observed that all of the HAD-N treated mice got smaller tumors. The more doses of HAD-N used, the less IR showed at the 8th day after starting this experiment. Tumor weight and volume of HAD-N treatment groups also decreased. Mean survival time and percent increase in life span (% ILS) in the high-dose HAD-N treatment groups were higher than those of other groups. The test substances in the blood level UN results showed reduction in the significance in both HAD-N 90 mg/kg and HAD-N 180 mg/kg (p<0.01). The blood level phosphatase results in HAD-N 90 mg/kg group compared to NCI-H460 cell alone group showed a reduction in significance (p<0.05). AST levels HAD-N 180 mg/kg group compared to NCI-H460 cell alone group significance as well (p<0.05). Conclusion: We suggest that the results of the in vivo study showed that HAD-N may have potential as a growth inhibitor of tumor-induced NCI-H460 of nude mice in spite of the shortcomings of this study. More studies to overcome those shortcomings and to find out significant antitumor mechanism will be needed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.444-454
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• 2015

This study reports on initial founder performance and satisfaction that is affected by mentoring skills and mentoring functions. Through the empirical analysis, seen the initial founder performance and satisfaction as a respective dependent variable, this study intends to provide efficient direction of the responsibility mentor and present a method that enhances the survival of the initial start-up founder. The frequency analysis was conducted to determine the general characteristics of the sample, by leveraging the statistical package SPSS 20.0 for Windows program, details of the items measuring tools present a statistical analysis of sample data, 120 people have gathered in the survey data for this factor analysis was performed with a correlation to classify each region was calculated to Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ factor to determine the reliability of the measurement tool, and tested the hypothesis using linear regression analysis for verification. Was found to play an important role to draw the founder and mentor mentoring skills and capabilities in early stage start-ups, and conclusions drawn from this process. In particular, modeling of the mentor with a sound mind and behavior brought the better performance and satisfaction of the initial start-up founder. If a mentor provides mentoring with more interests in career development and psychosocial functions of the mentoring functions, it is seen to be more efficient way to improve survival rate of initial start-up as well as increasing a founder's performance and satisfaction.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.50-59
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• 2015

This study aimed at suggesting Willingness To Pay (WTP) for introduction of the Traffic Accident emergency Call (TAC) system by using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) which is a general valuation method. As the method, this study suggested a WTP estimation method of the TAC system with the double-bound dichotomous choice model. In previous studies, the data are processed differently according to the type of questions and analysis models used for the calculation of willingness to pay. Therefore, we re-organized the model by the cases using the truncated data sets, and showed the difference in WTPs. The dataset was developed by more than 500 questionnaire obtained from online and offline survey with the consideration of composition ratio by age group referring housing census in 2010 to mitigate regional bias of samples. At last, this study applied various statistical methods, survival analysis, multiple regression, and Tobit model for better interpretation of the questionnaires.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 1995

Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to investigate allelopathic potential of some weed species on alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) germination and seedling growth. In the comparison between top(leaves+stems) and root extracts, top extract exhibited greater allelopathic effects on alfalfa germination than that of root. The various weed species extract differently responded to alfalfa test species, WL-320, in terms of allelopathic effect. Top and root aqueous extracts of lambsquarter(Chenopodium album L.), giant foxtail(Setaria faberii Herrm.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), velvetleaf(Abutilon theophrasti Medic.), crabgrass(Digitaria sanguinalis L.), canada thistle(Cirsium arvense L.) and prostrate knotweed(Polygonium aviculare L.) significantly inhibited germination, seedling length, weight, vigor, and rate of germination of alfalfa. The regression slopes of various top extracts showed that velvetleaf(b=3.69) extracts were the most inhibitory, while large crabgrass(b=2.39) extracts had the least allelopathic effect on alfalfa germination. Germination, seedling length and weight of alfalfa were inversely proportional to the concentration of dried velvetleaf extracts. Also, more of the toxic effects were observed from the dried extracts compared to the fresh extracts. Residue of velvetleaf inhibited significantly alfalfa emergence and survival percentage compared to the control. The emergence and survival percentage of alfalfa were 44%, 57% at 1.0% residue treatment, respectively. When weed residues were mixed with silica sand with incubation time, velvetleaf residue most inhibited alfalfa growth. The degree of inhibition increased as incubation time increased. An incubation for 72h caused the greatest inhibition of alfalfa growth. These results demonstrate the different allelopathic activity of weed species extracts on alfalfa and suggest that weed may affect alfalfa growth and development through the inhibitory effects of allelochemicals present in weed tissue.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.221-249
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• 2017

This study aims to investigate determinants that affect job retention of injured workers depending upon types of return to work in order to suggest define the intervention priority for those who returned to original works and for those who did not. After constructing explaining variables based on literature reviews, determinants were verified analyzing 1,292 people using Panel Study of Worker's Compensation Insurance(PSWCI) data. The job retention period turned out to be 46.6 months for those who returned to original work and 34.2 month for those who returned to new works. Injured workers who return to new works tend to have more unemployment experiences. As a result of Cox proportional regression analysis, the longer it takes to return to work, the longer both groups tend to retain after the accident. Age, recuperation period, health status, psycho-social rehabilitation, education and occupational training also affect on job retention probability for those who return to new work. Based upon the analyzed result, setting up an adequate duration for return-to-work, intervention for injured workers who experienced vulnerable working condition before the accident and continuous case management after return-to-work are suggested.