• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2013

This paper dealt with melting characteristics of low-voltage miniature cartridge fuse used for 220 V electronic equipment. The experimental sample is low-voltage miniature cartridge fuse with rating of 250 V(3A) and size of $5{\times}20$ mm. In order to evaluate melting and scattering characteristics of the fuse, we applied to 8/20 ${\mu}s$ surge current, overload current and external thermal stress such as flame of fire. From the experimental results, the fuse element was melted and scattered by applied surge current(above 0.79 kA) and overload current(above 4.5 A). It was also attached to the inner surface of the fuse tube. The fuse element was attached as a thin film on inner surface of fuse tube when large surge current was applied. It was confirmed, however, the fuse element was not changed by external thermal stress such as flame and hot-air.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2018

경험모의기법을 통해 국내 서남해안의 조석과 해일특성을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 인천, 군산, 목포, 완도 등은 조석지배해역이고 여수, 통영, 부산 등은 해일지배해역으로 구분되었다. 조석지배해역에서는 태풍해일이 발생하지 않아도 50년 이하의 빈도를 갖는 극치해면고가 형성될 수 있는 반면 해일지배해역에서는 10년 빈도에서만 태풍해일 없이 극치해면고가 형성될 수 있는 양상을 보이고 있다. 각 해역에서 빈도별로 평균적인 상황으로 어느 정도의 조위에 어느 정도의 해일이 겹쳐 극치해면고가 형성되는지 고찰한 결과 이 역시 해역별로 구분되는 특성을 보이고 있다. 이와 함께 설계조위 산정을 위한 세 가지 방법을 비교고찰한 결과 약최고고조위방법은 과다설계의 우려가 매우 큰 비현실적인 결과를 보이고 있으며, 확률분포함수방법은 대형태풍이 소조기나 저조시 발생할 경우 해당자료가 결과에 반영되지 않거나 매우 축소된 결과가 도출될 우려가 있다는 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점들을 해결함과 동시에 서해안과 같이 조석이 지배적인 해역에 적합한 방법으로 경험모의기법의 적용성을 확인하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2007

In general, coastal damage is mostly occurred by the action of complex factors, like severe water waves. If the maximum storm surge height combines with high tide, severe water waves will overflow coastal structures. Consequently, it can be the cause of lost lives and severe property damage. In this study, using the numerical model, the storm surge was simulated to examine its fluctuation characteristics at the coast in front of Noksan industrial complex, Korea. Moreover, the shallow water wave is estimated by applying wind field, design water level considering storm surge height for typhoon Maemi to SWAN model. Under the condition of shallow water wave, obtained by the SWAN model, the wave overtopping rate for the dike in front of Noksan industrial complex is calculated a hydraulic model test. Finally, based on the calculated wave-overtopping rate, the inundation regime for Noksan industrial complex was predicted. And, numerically predicted inundation regimes and depths are compared with results in a field survey, and the results agree fairly well. Therefore, the inundation modelthis study is a useful tool for predicting inundation regime, due to the coastal flood of severe water wave.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.357-361
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• 2006

This paper dealt with the performance evaluation and the diagnostic techniques of lightning arresters for DC electric traction vehicle. Field Measurements on the protective operation of lightning arresters against surge currents were carried out on running vehicles to acquire the data necessary for the diagnosis. The frequency and the magnitude of surge events were analyzed. Surge currents of $1\sim3$ times were recorded in one running service route and their magnitudes were ranges of $150A\sim2kA$. Also, an acceleration experiment on a lightning arrester by the standard lightning impulse current of 8/20 us and 5 kA was performed to know the aging characteristics. After the surge current application of 3,000 times, the reference voltage decreased by 4.5 %, and the leakage current was below 10 uA at the continuous operating voltage and about 50 uA at the rated voltage. From the experimental results, we propose a decision level of leakage current for the arrester used in this paper and designed an arrester tester which analyzes arrester condition by the magnitude of leakage current.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 반도체 재료 센서 박막재료 전자세라믹스
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• pp.179-182
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• 2004

ZnO varistor for transmission class arrester$({\Phi}65{\times}20mm)$ of 10kA(Class 3) grade was recently developed in korea and is tested for the properties by switching surge operating duty test to know the line discharge class and complex surge property in electric properties. To find out changing rate of residual voltage before and after lightning impulse residual voltage testing, the sample is cool to room temperature after finishing switching surge operating duty test, and the rate is good as 1.0~1.7%. The element had been considered as applicable ZnO varistor for electricity transmission from the test results of state conterl, switching surge operating duty, thermal stability and above test. But various test should be required for actual application because this is a part of the to be needed for application.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.230-239
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• 2015

The swirling flow in the draft tube of a Francis turbine can cause the flow instability and the cavitation surge and has a larger influence on hydraulic power operating system. In this paper, the cavitating flow with swirling flow in the diffuser was studied by the draft tube component experiment, the model Francis turbine experiment and the numerical simulation. In the component experiment, several types of fluctuations were observed, including the cavitation surge and the vortex rope behaviour by the swirling flow. While the cavitation surge and the vortex rope behaviour were suppressed by the aeration into the diffuser, the loss coefficient in the diffuser increased by the aeration. In the model turbine test the aeration decreased the efficiency of the model turbine by several percent. In the numerical simulation, the cavitating flow was studied using Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS) with particular emphasis on understanding the unsteady characteristics of the vortex rope structure. The generation and evolution of the vortex rope structures have been investigated throughout the diffuser using the iso-surface of vapor volume fraction. The pressure fluctuation in the diffuser by numerical simulation confirmed the cavitation surge observed in the experiment. Finally, this pressure fluctuation of the cavitation surge was examined and interpreted by CFD.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2013

This paper presents the transient behavior of the switching surge voltages generated by interruption of DC ground fault currents flowing through metal flexible conduits. All fault circuits consist of line parameters such as resistance, inductance, capacitance and conductance. The use of nonmagnetic metal conduits should be taken into account in order to reduce the inductance of battery charger distribution circuits. The frequency-dependent circuit parameters of metal flexible conduits were measured. The switching surge voltages generated at the ground fault circuit consisted of steel-galvanized alloy and aluminium conduits were investigated. As a result, the impedances of metal flexible conduits are significantly increased over the range of the frequency above 10 kHz and the switching surge voltages generated along aluminium flexible conduit are lower than those along steel-galvanized alloy conduit when DC fault current is interrupted.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2018

The purpose of the present study was to determine the elaborate characteristics of ovarian changes including follicles and corpus luteum, and hormonal patterns of gonadotropin surge mode secretions during the normal consecutive estrous cycle in three dairy cows. Non-lactating and multiparous Holstein cows (n=3) used as experimental animals. The cows were assigned to examine the relationship among ovarian changes (follicle, corpus luteum), ovarian steroids (estradiol, progesterone) and gonadotropin (LH, FSH) surge mode secretion during the successive estrous cycles by rectal palpation, ultrasonography and hormonal assay. The mean length of the estrous cycle for the three cows was $23.1{\pm}1.44days$ (${\pm}SEM$), with a range of 20-28 days. In six estrous cycles, the number of two follicular waves, three follicular waves and four follicular waves was 2, 3 and 1, respectively. The sequential ultrasonographic monitoring showed that the corpus luteum with ${\geq}10mm$ in diameter detected from Day 2 (Day 0 is ovulation) in six estrous cycles of all cows. Preovulatory increases in estradiol concentration reached $10.36{\pm}1.10pg/ml$ on the 2 days before ovulation of the last dominant follicle. All cows exhibited a preovulatory rise in estradiol concentration followed by a typical preovulatory LH and FSH surge. The mean interval from the peak of LH/FSH surge to ovulation of the last dominant follicle was $31.3{\pm}1.76h$ (${\pm}SEM$). In these results, each dairy cow showed that ovarian morphological changes and gonadotropin surge mode secretion will be regulated by various environmental factors including age, breeds, nutrition, breeding conditions, etc.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2007

가공선로와 지중선로가 혼합된 배전계통에서 뇌서어지와 개폐서어지가 입상주를 통하여 유입될 수 있다. 이러한 서어지는 케이블을 따라서 이동하게 되고 케이블의 종단에서 반사된다. 이때 반사되는 서어지는 그 크기가 2배 정도가 되고 지중배전선로의 절연을 위협할 수 있다. 한전의 지중배전계통을 모의할 수 있는 모델계통을 만들고 이 계통에 서어지를 인가하여 케이블의 서어지 전파 특성을 측정하였다. 실제시험으로 측정한 결과를 EMTP 해석 결과와 비교하여 EMTP 파라미터들을 수정하였다. EMTP 해석에서 케이블 절연체의 유전율, 피뢰기의 특성곡선, 서어지의 파형을 조정하면 실증시험 결과와 거의 일치하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 케이블의 말단에서 2배 정도 전압상승이 되고 분기에 의하여 복잡하게 전파되는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2016

빈도별 최대풍속을 발생시키는 태풍조건을 역추적함으로써 빈도별 표준태풍을 생성할 수 있다(Kang et al., 2016). 본 연구에서는 이렇게 얻어진 표준태풍의 해일모의를 통해 서해안 영광지역의 해일고 빈도해석을 수행하는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에 사용된 모형은 MIKE21모형으로서 태풍 BOLAVEN(1215)에 대한 검증 결과 서해안 여러 지역에서 관측결과와 비교적 잘 일치하는 결과를 얻었다. 서해안 태풍해일특성을 감안하여 경로변경을 설정한 후 빈도별 해일고를 구한 결과는 관측치로부터 산정된 결과와 부합하는 결과를 보이고 있다. 이 방법은 관측자료가 충분치 않은 곳에서 수많은 태풍에 의한 해일모의를 수행하는 기존 방법에 비해 빈도별로 한 개의 태풍만을 대상으로 하므로 매우 효율적인 방법이다.