• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.30-39
• /
• 1997

After changing the heat treating atmosphere of nitrogen gas, argon gas and vacuum, the nitrogen contents, microstructural changes, hardness and corrosion resistance of 0.25wt.%N alloyed super duplex stainless steel have been investigated in the temperature range from $1050^{\circ}C$ to $1350^{\circ}C$. The nitrogen content showed to be increased up to 0.36wt.% after heat treating the specimen in nitrogen gas at $1200^{\circ}C$, while the decrement of nitrogen content in vacuum atmosphere was shown down to 0.03wt.% at $1350^{\circ}C$. After heat treating in the mixed gas atmosphere of argon and nitrogen at $1250^{\circ}C$, the surface ${\gamma}$ phase existed as ${\alpha}+{\gamma}$ phase increased with increasing nitrogen gas content. The ${\gamma}$ single phase appeared at the surface above $80%N_2$ gas, while the surface ${\alpha}$ single phase was shown below $20%N_2$ gas. When heat treating the specimen in nitrogen gas at $1050^{\circ}C$, the hardness of austenite phases increased above Hv 40 at the surface layer compared to the hardness of the core parts, while decrement of denitriding effect caused to the hardness nearly unchanged between surface and the core parts after heat treating in vacuum atmosphere. The surface ${\gamma}$ single phase specimen showed superior corrosion resistance than the surface ${\alpha}$ single phase specimen. The surface ${\alpha}$ phase existed in the ${\alpha}+{\gamma}$ microstructure showed higher corrosion resistance after heat treating in the nitrogen gas atmosphere than the ${\alpha}$ phase heat treated in the argon gas and vacuum atmosphere.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.340-346
• /
• 1998

In this study, we intended to investigate aging effect of polyimide prepared by VDPD(vapor deposition polymerized method). The prepared polymide was treated by the oxygen and argon gas plasma. And we evaluated the polyimide treated by plasma from contact angle, surface leakage current, FT-IR and SEM. We know that the structure of polyimide at surface are changed to amide structure by plasma treating. It seems that strong energy of plasma causes breaking the molecular chin of the polyimide. And surface roughness increases with plasma treating time increased and sequentially the wettability and leakage current increases.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.79-83
• /
• 2008

The dampness by treating the surface with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film was measured to grasp the plasma parameters and was observed the surface condition with an atomic force microscope (AFM) to find the causes of the dampness. Also, the vibrational and rotational temperatures in the plasma were calculated after identifying the radicals within the plasma by analyzing the emission spectral with an emission spectrum. The hydrophilic properties were enhanced, by treating the surface of the PET film with non-equilibrium atmospheric discharge plasma. When the rotational temperature was 0.22 to 0.31 eV within the plasma, surface modification control could be easily carried out to surface treatment of PET film on non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.36 no.8
• /
• pp.863-870
• /
• 1999

SOI(silicon on insulafor) was fabricated through the direct bonding using (100) Si wafer and 4$^{\circ}$off (100) Si wafer to investigate the stacking faults in silicon at the Si/SiO2 oxidized and bonded interface. The treatment time of wafer surface using MSC-1 solution was varied in order to observe the effect of cleaning on bonding characteristics. As the MSC-1 treating time increased surface hydrophilicity was saturated and surface microroughness increased. A comparison of surface hydrophilicity and microroughness with MSC-1 treating time indicates that optimum surface modified condition for time was immersed in MSC-1 for 2 min. The SOI structure directly bonded using (100) Si wafer and 4$^{\circ}$off (100) Si wafer at the room temperature were annealed at 110$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Then the stacking faults at the bonding and oxidation interface were examined after the debonding. The results show that there were anomalies in the gettering of the stacking faults at the bonded region.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.14 no.4 s.36
• /
• pp.262-273
• /
• 1990

The purpose of this study is to investigate the softening effect of cellulase-treated cotton fabric and the damage on the fabric which is accompanied by the treatemnt. Cotton fabric is treated with cellulase under various concentrations and time, and the weight loss, hand values (by KES), surface characteristics, moisture regain, tensile strength, copper number and intrinsic viscosity of the treated samples and untreated samples have been compared. The results are as follows: 1. The weight loss of cotton fabric increased as the concentration of cellulase and the treating time increased. 2. The enzyme treatment had little effect on the stiffness of the treated samples but anti- drape stiffness decreased for the treated samples. Fullness and softness of the treated samples increased and crispness decreased with the lowest level reaching after two hours of the treatment for all concentrations. Scrooping feeling of the treated samples increased and flexibility with soft feeling increased as the treating time and the concentration of cellulase increased. 3. Moisture regain of the samples decreased as the treating time and the concentration of the enzyme increased and the treated fabric showed cracks on the fiber surface, and much surface fibers on the fabric have been removed after the treatment. 4. Tensile strength of the samples decreased as the treating time and as the concentration of cellulase increased, and the copper number increased while the intrinsic viscosity decreased as the treating time increased, but cellulase concentration had a little effect.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.825-827
• /
• 2012

In this study, the variation in surface morphology of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films treated with a flow of acetone vapor assisted by nitrogen carrier gas was investigated. The CuPc nanorods with similar dimensions were well dispersed throughout the whole film surfaces after ~20 min. of treatment. However, the electronic absorption spectra only changed slightly, which indicates that molecular stacking was not altered during treatment. This treating method is simple and more advantageous compared to other solvent treating technologies such as mixed solvent spray treatment using organic solvents and water since it requires relatively mild treating conditions and does not need the presence of water.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to present basic data for the enzymatic modification of acetate fabrics. The weight loss and rate of weight loss of acetate fabrics increased with increasing NaOH concentration and treating time. Acetyl value decreased as the weight loss became higher. The weight loss of alkaline-treated acetate fabrics were directly proportional to the concentration and treating time of cellulase. The optimum temperature and pH in cellulase treatment were $55^\circ{C}$ and pH 3.5. The surface shape revealed that density of fiber decreased by alkaline-treatment. With the treating time of cellulase, fibrillation occurred. In case of higher weight loss in alkaline treatment, fibril is removed after 180 min. The tensile strength decreased by alkaline and cellulase treatment. Especially, in case of higher weight loss of alkaline treatment, tensile strength decreased suddenly. Alkaline treatment increased the drapability of acetates, while cellulase treatment increased it initially but decreased gradually with treatment time. The dyeability after alkaline treatment was improved for reactive dye, but deteriorated for disperse dye. The cellulase treatment of acetate lowered the dyeability for both types of dyes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.20-21
• /
• 2004

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2007

Surface mold fungi growing on CCA-treated wood could be inhibited effectively by the incorporation of moldicide into treating solution. In this study, moldicides compatible with the CCA solutions from various commercial moldicides were screened, and then their optimum concentrations for controlling surface mold on CCA-treated radiata pine sapwood were examined through both the laboratory and the field trials. Among nine commercial moldicdes tested, two substituted isothiazolinones, moldicide A containing 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one and moldicide B containing 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, were chemically compatible with CCA solution. The optimum concentration to be incorporated into 2% CCA treating solution was determined to be 0.001% for moldicide A and 0.003% for moldicide B.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.272-281
• /
• 2001

Shrink resist finishing of wool fabric was carried out with MONAMIN BTN shrink resist agent after chlorination with D.C.C.A.(dichloro isocyanuric acid). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of treating conditions, such as concentrations of D.C.C.A and MONAMIN BTN, pH of treating bath, dying times, curing times and temperatures, on shrink resist finishing. Mechanical properties of the treated fabric were measured by KES-FB system. The optimum chlorination of wool corresponds to 2∼3%(o.w.f.) of D.C.C.A. without rendering the damage on surface of wool fiber. Also it seems likely that the shirink resist finishing carried out at 2 ∼3%(o.w.f.) of MONAMIN BTN and pH 7∼8 of treating bath is effective in increasing a softness of hand.