• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제32권7호
• /
• pp.105-116
• /
• 2004

초소형위성의 설계는 무게, 체적, 전력 및 표면적 등의 제한조건으로 인하여 상당한 어려움이 따른다. 임무기간 동안 위성의 각 모듈에 전력을 지속적으로 공급해 줄 수 있는 효율적인 저가의 피코위성 HAUSAT-1 전력시스템을 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 태양전지판, 배터리, 전력조절 및 분배유닛의 설계 및 해석 결과를 논의하였으며, 설계된 시스템의 개발이 실제 하드웨어로 구현이 가능하도록 개발비용과 성능을 고려한 부품의 선정, 제작 및 시험결과에 대하여 기술하였다. 또한 운영 모드별 에너지 평형 해석 (Energy Balance Analysis) 을 통한 시뮬레이션 수행 결과를 보여주고, 전력계의 가능 및 환경시험 결과와의 비교를 통하여 전력시스템 설계의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.229-235
• /
• 2001

사용된 멀칭자재의 광학적 특성, 작물군락의 형성 등에 의하여 토양표면의 에너지 수지는 달라지며, 이러한 토양표면 에너지 수지의 차이에 의해 변화되는 지중열류가 토양온도 변화의 원인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 일사량, 밀칭표면의 순복사, 지중열류, 멀칭 내외면 온도, 토양온도 등을 연속적으로 측정하였으며, 실측된 자료를 이용하여 토양표면의 에너지 수지 및 지중열류를 추정하여 멀칭처리에 따른 토양온도 변화의 원인을 분석하였다. 감자 출아전인 1998년 8월 30일의 무멀칭처리에서는 지표면의 순복사(10.0 MJ$m^{-2}$${day}^{-1}$ )는 높았지만, 대류에 의한 현열이나 수분증발에 의한 잠열로 대부분의 에너지(9.65MJ m$^{-2}$ day$^{-1}$)가 지면으로부터 빠져나가 토양으로 흐르는 지중열류는 0.36MJ $m^{-2}$${day}^{-1}$ 이었다. 흑색 폴리에틸렌 필름 멀칭에서는 지표면의 순복사는 2.4 MJ $m^{-2}$${day}^{-1}$ 이었지만 멀칭면과 토양표면의 대류에 의한 지표면의 에너지 손실이 1.39 MJ $m^{-2}$${day}^{-1}$ 로 적어져 지중열류는 1.02 MJ$m^{-2}$${day}^{-1}$ 로 무멀칭처리보다 많이 높았다. 종이멀칭처리에서의 지표면의 순복사는 1.30 MJ $m^{-2}$${day}^{-1}$ 로 다른 처리에 비해 낮았고, 멀칭면과 지표면의 대류에 의한 에너지 교환에 의하여 지표면으로부터 1.36 MJ $m^{-2}$${day}^{-1}$ 의 에너지가 손실되어 지중열류는 -0.06 MJ $m^{-2}$${day}^{-1}$ 로 흑색 폴리에틸렌 필름 멀칭이나 무멀칭보다 낮았으며, 특히 주간의 상위층 토양온도가 다른 처리에 비해 많이 낮아졌다. 군락이 형성된 9월 27일의 경우, 멀칭처리에서의 지표면 순복사는 군락이 없는 8월 30일의 경우와 큰 차이가 없었지만 무멀칭처리에서는 군락의 일사 차단으로 순복사가 현저히 낮아졌으며, 흑색 플라스틱 필름 멀칭처리에서는 현열 및 잠열에 의한 손실이 작아 지중열류는 다른 처리에 비해 높았으며, 무멀칭처리에서는 현열 및 잠열에 의한 에너지 손실이 많아 지중열류는 작았다. 이러한 지중열류의 차이에 의해 흑색 플라스틱 필름 별칭처리에서의 지온이 다른 처리에 비해 높아졌고, 종이멀칭처리에서의 지온은 군락이 형성되지 않은 초기에는 무멀칭에 비해 낮았지만 군락이 형성된 후기에는 그 차이가 거의 없었다. 군락의 형성여부와 관계없이 일 최저기온 및 최고기온이 나타나는 시각의 토심에 따른 토양온도의 변화는 비슷한 경향을 보였으며, 일 최고기온이 나타나는 시각에 흑색 플라스틱 필름 멀칭처리에서의 온도는 지표에 가까울수록 급격하게 높았으며, 그 증가추세는 종이멀칭이나 무멀칭에 비해 현저하였다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2015

PURPOSES : A finite difference model considering snow melting process on porous asphalt pavement was derived on the basis of heat transfer and mass transfer theories. The derived model can be applied to predict the region where black-ice develops, as well as to predict temperature profile of pavement systems where a de-icing system is installed. In addition, the model can be used to determined the minimum energy required to melt the ice formed on the pavement. METHODS : The snow on the porous asphalt pavement, whose porosity must be considered in thermal analysis, is divided into several layers such as dry snow layer, saturated snow layer, water+pavement surface, pavement surface, and sublayer. The mass balance and heat balance equations are derived to describe conductive, convective, radiative, and latent transfer of heat and mass in each layer. The finite differential method is used to implement the derived equations, boundary conditions, and the testing method to determine the thermal properties are suggested for each layer. RESULTS: The finite differential equations that describe the icing and deicing on pavements are derived, and we have presented them in our work. The framework to develop a temperature-forecasting model is successfully created. CONCLUSIONS : We conclude by successfully creating framework for the finite difference model based on the heat and mass transfer theories. To complete implementation, laboratory tests required to be performed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2009

Objectives : It is considered not easy to diagnose the condition of acupoints or meridians. Oriental Medical instruments have rarely complied with Oriental Medical diagnostic/therapeutic theories. The aim of this study was to develop a system which measures meridian electric potential(MEP) in proportion to bio-electric charge for the purpose of Oriental Medical diagnosis. Method : To evaluate a meridian energy measurement system(MEMS), we carried out a performance test. For significance test, we conducted a clinical trial which measured the MEP of ST36(Chok-samni) on Stomach Meridian(ST). Results & Conclusions : We could evaluate the balance or the imbalance of the MEPs on the left/right ST36. Also, through the comparison of MEPs before and after meals, we could identify the correlation between the MEP and the condition of internal organs. Namely, MEP reflects the condition of acupoints/meridians and internal organs, therefore, we propose this new method for measuring and analyzing the condition of meridians and acupoints for Oriental Medical diagnosis.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2012

A phase-change material is a substance with a high heat of fusion which, melting and freezing at a certain temperature, is capable of storing and releasing large amounts of energy. Heat is absorbed or released when the material changes from solid to liquid. Therefore, PCMs are classified as latent heat storage (LHS) units. The purpose of this study is to analyze PCM wallboard design parameters using dynamic energy simulation. Among the factors of PCM, melting temperature, latent heat, phase change range, thermal conductivity are very important element to maximize thermal energy storage. In order to analyze these factors, EnergyPlus which is building energy simulation provided by department of energy from the U.S is used. heat balance algorithm of energy simulation is conduction finite difference and enthalpy-temperature function is used for analyzing latent heat of PCM. The results show that in the case of melting temperature, the thermal energy storage could be improved when the melting temperature is equal to indoor surface temperature. It seems that when the phase change range is wide, PCM can store heat at a wide temperature, but the performance of heat storage is languished.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제5권6호
• /
• pp.727-738
• /
• 1996

An one dimensional atmosphere-canopy-soil interaction model is developed to estimate of the heat budget parameter in the atmospheric boundary layer. The canopy model is composed of the three balance equations of energy, temperature, moisture at ground surface and canopy layer with three independent variables of Tf(foliage temperature), Tg(ground temperature), and qg(ground specific humidity). The model was verilied by comparative study with OSUID(Oregon State University One Dimensional Model) proved in HAPEX-MOBILHY experiment. Also we applied this model in two dimensional land-sea breeze circulation. According to the results of this study, surface characteristics considering canopy acted importantly upon the simulation of meso-scale circulation. The factors which used in the numerical experiment are as follows ; the change for a sort of soil(sand and peat), the change for shielding factor, and the change for a kind of vegetation.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2003

Infrared heating has been traditionally used in industrial applications for processes such as dehydration of food industrial. This heating method involves the application of radiation in the wavelength range of 5~50 micrometers. In this work, simultaneous heat balance equations were developed to simulate the infrared radiation heating of red peppers. The equations assume that moisture diffuses to the outer boundaries of the material in liquid form and evaporation occurs at the surface of the red peppers. Energy for moisture evaporation is supplied by the infrared radiant energy. The equations were validated with experimental data on surface temperature and average moisture content of red peppers. Average deviations of predicted surface red peppers temperature and average red peppers moisture from experimental data were 323~353K and 50~80%, respectively. The spectral extinction coefficients in the wavelength range $1.5<{\lambda}<27$ micrometer at 293K for Red Peppers were determined from results of reflection measurements and the four flux radiative heat transfer calculation. The radiation extinction coefficients were obtained from effective drying factor the temperature 373K.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2005

Global efforts have made to reduce energy consumption and $CO_2$ gas emission. One of the weakest parts for energy loss through the whole building components is building envelopes. Lots of technologies to increase the thermal performance of building envelopes have been introduced in recent year. Transparent Insulation Wall(TIW) is a new technology for building insulation and has been function both solar transmittance and thermal insulation. A mathematical model of a Transparent Insulation Wall equipped with south wall was proposed in order to predict thermal performance under varying climates(summer and winter). Unsteady state heat transfer equations were set up using an energy balance equation and solved using Gauss-Seidel iteration solution procedure. The thermal performance of the TIW determined from a wall surface and air layer temperature, non-airconditioned room temperature and air conditioning load. As a result, this numerical study shows that the TIW is effective in an air conditioning load reduction. Further experimental study is required to establish complete TIW system.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2001

The results of numerical simulation on the performance of a solar chimney system in building are described. The inside surface temperature of four walls within the solar chimney arc calculated with solar radiation and outdoor temperature in summer. The air within the solar chimney is heated by conduction, convection and radiation. Air temperature distribution from the bottom to the top and outlet air temperature can be obtained by solving energy balance equation. Since the buoyance or stack effect is affected by temperature difference between the bottom and the top within the solar chimney. It is evaluated using inlet and outlet temperatures. It is expected that natural ventilation by the solar chimney of witch the height is 7.8m and the cross sectional area is $4.93m^2$ can provide about $6400m^3/h$ on sunny day.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.139-150
• /
• 1995

한국남해 연안에 위치한 득량만에 있어서 하계의 태양복사, 바람, 조류에 의한 해양의 연적성층 및 연적혼합현상의 시간적 변동특성을 밝히기 위한 연구를 수행하였따. 이를 위하여 27개 정점에서 관측된 수온, 염분, 밀도값을 분석하였고. Simpson과 Hunter(1974)가 제안한 위치에너지 개념을 도입한 에너지 방정식을 이용하여 태양복사, 바람, 조류에너지를 각각 계산하였다. 그 결과 하계 득량만 해양의 연직 성층 및 혼합현상은 태양복사에너지가 일정하다고 할때 바람보다는 조류에 의해 크게 좌우됨을 알 수 있었고, 조류에너지에 의한 수괴의 연직합에너지이여율 $epsilon$의 값은 약 0.010 ~ 0.014사이를 나타내고 있었다.