• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of spinal stabilization exercises using visual feedback on the gross motor function and balance of the sitting posture in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: The subjects were 18 children with cerebral palsy aged 8-15 years in the I-III stages of the Gross Motor Function Classification System. The subjects were divided into an experimental group (n=9) and control group (n=9). The experimental group was treated with 30 minutes of neurodevelopmental treatment and 20 minutes of spinal stabilization exercises using visual feedback. The control group was treated with 30 minutes of neurodevelopmental treatment and 20 minutes of spinal stabilization exercises without visual feedback. Both groups participated in the experiment twice a week for eight weeks. The Gross Motor Function Measurement was performed to evaluate the changes between pre- and the post-intervention in gross motor function. The Seated Limit of Stability Surface Area was measured to evaluate the changes in trunk balance. Results: Both experimental and control groups showed a significant increase in the gross motor function and trunk balance (p<0.05). The experimental group showed a significant increase in gross motor function compared to the control group (p<0.05). The experimental group showed a significant increase in the dynamic trunk balance in all directions when measuring the Seated Limit of Stability Surface Area (p<0.05). Conclusion: Spinal stabilization exercises using visual feedback for the neurodevelopmental treatment of children with cerebral palsy can improve their gross motor function and trunk balance when in a sitting posture more effectively.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.146-150
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of active vibration exercise on trunk muscle activity, balance, and activities of daily living in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Twenty-four patients with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to an experimental (n=12) or a control (n=12) group. The experimental group performed an active vibration exercise workout for 20 minutes a day five times a week for 4 weeks using a flexi-bar. Trunk muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography. Balance was measured using the Berg balance scale. Activities of daily living were measured using the functional independence measure. Results: The intragroup comparison showed significant differences in the rectus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscle activity values, Berg balance scale score, and functional independence measurement values in the experimental group. The intergroup comparison showed that differences in the rectus abdominis and internal oblique external oblique muscle values, Berg balance scale score, and functional independence measurement value for the experimental group were significantly related to those in the control group. Conclusion: Based on these results, this study proved that the active vibration exercise effectively improved trunk muscle activity, balance, and activities of daily living in patients with chronic stroke.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2012

평형감각 측정은 물리 치료, 신경, 스포츠 의학 및 재활 의학 분야에서 광범위하게 사용된다. 본 논문은 평형감각 측정 및 재활 훈련 시스템의 개발을 제공한다. 이를 위해, 평형 보드의 아래 표면에 부착된 3축 가속도계 센서를 사용하여 프로토 타입 시스템을 개발하였다. 실험 결과, 시스템은 안정적으로 동작하고 측정자의 평형감각 정도를 잘 나타내었다. 또한 재활 훈련을 위해 다양한 패턴이 용이하게 추가될 수 있다. 이 시스템은 일상적인 평형감각 모니터링에 사용될 수 있으며, 훈련의 효율을 증대하는데 기여할 것이다.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.2212-2220
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• 2020

Background: Repetitive damage to the ankle joint causes chronic ankle instability, and studies comparing the effects of exercise in open and closed chains as a treatment method are very rare. Objectives: To investigate the effects of open and closed kinetic exercises on muscle activity and dynamic balance of ankle joint in adults with chronic ankle instability. Design: Single-blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: The selected 30 subjects are randomly divided into open kinetic chain exercise experimental group (EGI, n=10), closed kinetic chain exercise experimental group (EGII, n=10), and stretching control group (CG, n=10). Open and closed kinetic exercises lasted 30 minutes three times a week for six weeks and stretching exercises performed four actions for 20 seconds and five sets. The measurement tools using surface electromyography to measure muscle activity in the ankle joint. The dynamic balance of the ankle was evaluated using the Y-Balance test. Results: Following the intervention, closed and open kinetic chain exercise group showed significant difference in tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle activity and dynamic balance (P<.05). However, no significant difference in tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle activity and dynamic balance between closed and open kinetic chain exercise group (P<.05). Conclusion: This study provides evidence that closed and open kinetic chain exercise can be presented as an effective exercise for the muscle activity of ankle muscle and dynamic balance of the subject with chronic ankle instability.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to estimate surface runoff from rice paddy plots using an artificial neural network (ANN). A field experiment with three treatment levels was conducted in the NICS saemangum experimental field located in Iksan, Korea. The ANN model with the optimal network architectures, named Paddy1901 with 19 input nodes, 1 hidden layer with 16 neurons nodes, and 1 output node, was adopted to predict surface runoff from the plots. The model consisted of 7 parameters of precipitation, irrigation rate, ponding depth, average temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation on the daily basis. Daily runoff, as the target simulation value, was computed using a water balance equation. The field data collected in 2011 were used for training and validation of the model. The model was trained based on the error back propagation algorithm with sigmoid activation function. Simulation results for the independent training and testing data series showed that the model can perform well in simulating surface runoff from the study plots. The developed model has a main advantage that there is no requirement for any prior assumptions regarding the processes involved. ANN model thus can be a good tool to predict surface runoff from rice paddy fields.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.888-893
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• 2008

In This paper proposes the control algorithm for quadruped robots on irregularly sloped uneven surface. Body balance is important in stable running locomotion. Since the body balance is determined by the forces applied at the feet during touchdown phase, the ground reaction force is controlled for stable running. To control the forces at each foot, the desired force is generated. The generated desired force is compared with actual contact force, then, the difference between them modifies the foot trajectory. The desired force is generated by combination of the rate change of the angular and linear momentum at flight. Then the rate change of momentum determines each force distribution. The distribution of the force is carried out by fuzzy logic. The computer simulation is carried out with the commercial software RecurDyn$^{(R)}$. Dynamic model simulation program show that the stable running on the irregularly sloped uneven surface are accomplished by the proposed method.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2014

The surface oxidation mechanism of lead-free solder alloys has been investigated with multiple reflow using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the solder surface of Sn-Ag-Cu-In solder alloy is surrounded by a thin $InO_x$ layer after reflow process; this coating protects the metallic surface from thermal oxidation. Based on this result, we have performed a wetting balance test at various temperatures. The Sn-Ag-Cu-In solder alloy shows characteristics of both thermal oxidation and wetting balance better than those of Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloy. Therefore, Sn-Ag-Cu-In solder alloy is a good candidate to solve the two problems of easy oxidation and low wettability, which are the most critical problems of Pb-free solders.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 및 Fine pattern PCB 표면 처리 기술 워크샵
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• pp.184-185
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• 2011

In this study, in order to obtain a high reflectivity for the LED lead frame, tin dip coating and tin plating were conducted respectively, and wettability of LED lead frame with tin solder also was tested by wetting balance tester. A Cu sheet was plated in Cu brighten electroplating bath and followed by immersion in a Sn electro-less plating bath [1]. On the other hand, in the dip coating process, a Cu sheet was dipped into molten tin. In the progress of wetting test, besides wetting balance curve, the maximum measured force($F_m$), the maximum withdrawal force($F_w$) and zero-cross time($t_0$) were obtained in various temperatures. With the maximum withdrawal force, the surface tension was calculated at different temperatures. The Cu sheet plated with bright Cu and Sn show a silver bright property while that of Cu dipped with Sn possessed a high reflectance density of 1.34GAM at $270^{\circ}C$.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2005

The nitrogen (N) balance in Korea during 1985-1997 was calculated according to the surface balance method of the PARCOM guidelines and compared with Japanese N balance. The some differences were founded in the coefficients used on calculating N balance in two nations. Of the important parameters, which can make a big difference in balance, N input by organic fertilizers was not included in Korea different with Japanese, due to absence of reliable statistics and then made lower the input. Nitrogen destruction rate from livestock manure was adjusted differently with 15% in Korea but 28% in Japan. There was some difference in the conversion factors of livestock number into manure N quantity in two nations, but the gap was ignoble scale except beef cattle. Our manure N production rate of beef cattle might be evaluated to be so lower than Japanese. Biological N fixation by pulses was very higher in Korea than in Japan but scarcely affect the increase of total N input, due to small cultivation area. In contrast, N fixation rate by free-living organisms in Korean and Japanese wet paddies showed the big difference with 7.6 and $37.0kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, respectively, and therefore $29.4kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ of nitrogen was estimated to be more inputted in Japan. Although there are many points to be more specified and improved, still, Korean N balance was very high with $250-257kg\;ha^{-1}$ in the mid of 1990s, which was the second highest level in OECD countries and furthermore increased continuously during the investigation. In contrast in Japan, which has similar fanning system with Korea, N balance was lower with $130-158kg\;ha^{-1}$ and has decreased continuously since 1993. This high N balance was mainly due to a high usage of chemical fertilizers in our intensive fanning system and the fast increment of livestock feeding. Therefore, the more active action to decrease chemical fertilizer utilization and reduce livestock feeding density is required in the government and farmer sides.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.1061-1072
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of intravenous fluid warming and skin surface warming on peri-operative body temperature and acid base balance of abdominal surgical patients under general anesthesia. Method: Data collection was performed from January 4th, to May 31, 2004. The intravenous fluid warming(IFW) group(30 elderly patients) was warmed through an IV line by an Animec set to $37^{\circ}C$. The skin surface warming(SSW) group(30 elderly patients) was warmed by a circulating-water blanket set to $38^{\circ}C$ under the back and a 60W heating lamp 40 cm above the chest. The warming continued from induction of general anesthesia to two hours after completion of surgery. Collected data was analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni methods. Results: SSW was more effective than IFW in preventing hypothermia(p= .043), preventing a decrease of $HCO_3{^-}$(p= .000) and preventing base excess(p= .000) respectively. However, there was no difference in pH between the SSW and IFW(p= .401) groups. Conclusion: We conclude that skin surface warming is more effective in preventing hypothermia, and $HCO_3{^-}$ and base excess during general anesthesia, and returning to normal body temperature after surgery than intravenous fluid warming; however, skin surface warming wasn't able to sustain a normal body temperature in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery under general anesthesia.