• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.487-487
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• 2009

One of the critical consumables in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a specialized solution or slurry, which typically contains both abrasives and chemicals acting together to planarize films. In single abrasive slurry (SAS), the solid phase consists of only one type of abrasive particle. On the other hand, mixed abrasive slurry (MAS) consists of a mixture of at least two types of abrasive particles. In this paper, we have studied the CMP characteristics of mixed abrasive slurry (MAS) retreated by adding of $CeO_2$ abrasives within 1:10 diluted silica slurry (DSS). The slurry designed for optimal performance should produce reasonable removal rates, acceptable polishing selectivity with respect to the underlying layer, low surface defects after polishing, and good slurry stability. The modified abrasives in MAS are evaluated with respect to their particle size distribution, surface morphology, and CMP performances such as removal rate and non-uniformity. As an experimental result, we obtained the comparable slurry characteristics compared with original silica slurry in the viewpoint of high removal rate and low non-uniformity.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2002

여러 종류의 전해질이 존재할 때, 수계 및 비수계 분산매체에서 저온균일침전법으로 제조된 침상형태의 일차입자를 갖는 나노 크기의 루틸상 TiO$_2$분말에 대한 분산 안정성을 조사하였다. 제타전위 측정은 수계 및 비수계 분산매체에 전해질 첨가가 TiO$_2$입자 표면의 전위 역전을 유발하는 것을 보여주었다. 비수계 분산매체에 분산되어 있는 TiO$_2$입자 사이에 작용하는 정전기적 반발력은 수계 분산매체에서보다 크게 관찰되었고, 이것은 점도, 유전 상수와 같은 유기 용매의 물리적 특성과 밀접한 연관이 있음을 알 수 있었다. pH, 전해질의 농도와 이온의 원자가는 TiO$_2$입자의 표면전위를 크게 변화시켰고, TiO$_2$입자의 분산 거동을 사실상 주도하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2020

Self-equalizing tilting pad thrust bearings are usually employed in turbomachines to achieve high stability and reliability. A tilting pad bearing can incorporate self-equalizing links to handle the misalignment between the bearing and the thrust collar. In this popular design method, the pads sit on the upper-level plates and the lower-level plates stay on the retainer base. With misalignment, the pads that are heavily loaded are pushed down. Consequently, the link pushes up the pads on the opposite side, keeping the bearing surface parallel to the thrust collar surface. The self-equalizing link is used to handle the misalignment from the thermal and mechanical effects. In this study, the experimental investigation deals with the performance of self-equalizing tilting pad thrust bearings. The test rig for evaluating the performance of bearing is developed which can control the misalignment angle. Simultaneous measurements are taken for the force acting on each pad. Pad metal temperature and oil film thickness are functions of the shaft speed, bearing load, misalignment angle, and design of leveling plates. The effect of misalignment on bearing performance is discussed. The results demonstrate that the load on each pad depends on the test conditions(especially misalignment angle), and the load influences the performance of bearings.

• BMB Reports
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• 제43권10호
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• pp.677-682
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• 2010

Kv4.2, a pore-forming $\alpha$-subunit of voltage-gated A-type potassium channels, is expressed abundantly in the soma and dendrites of hippocampal neurons, and is responsible for somatodendritic $I_A$ current. Recent studies have suggested that changes in the surface levels of Kv4.2 potassium channels might be relevant to synaptic plasticity. Although the function and expression of Kv4.2 protein have been extensively studied, the dendritic localization of Kv4.2 mRNA is not well described. In this study, Kv4.2 mRNAs were shown to be localized in the dendrites near postsynaptic regions. The dendritic transport of Kv4.2 mRNAs were mediated by microtubule-based movement. The 500 nucleotides of specific regions within the 3'-untranslated region of Kv4.2 mRNA were found to be necessary and sufficient for its dendritic localization. Collectively, these results suggest that the dendritic localization of Kv4.2 mRNAs might regulate the dendritic surface level of Kv4.2 channels and synaptic plasticity.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.189-198
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• 1996

콘크리트 중력댐 상부면의 균열에 작용하는 수압의 영향을 주로 고려하여 댐의 파괴거동을 조사하였다. 첫째, 표면적분법에 의하여 응력확대계수를 구하는 경우에 작용하는 수압의 형태를 등분포형태 외에, 삼각형 분포 및 포물선분포도 고려하여 보았다. 둘째, FRANC(FRacture Analysis Code)를 이용하여 균열면에 작용하는 수압의 형태에 따른 기존균열의 전파방향을 추적하였다. 셋째, 월류수위 아래에서 균열이 전파되지 않을 수 있는 한계균열길이를 수압의 분포형태에 따라 구분하여 구하여 보았다. 표면적분법으로 수압의 형태에 따라 응력확대계수를 구한 결과는 FRANC를 이용하여 얻어진 결과와 비교 되었으며 비교적 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 균열면에 작용하는 수압의 형태가 삼각형분포의 경우에 균열의 전파방향은 등분포의 경우에 비하여 댐의 기초쪽으로 기우는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 또한 월류수위 아래에서 한계균열길이는 댐높이의 대략 2/5-1/2되는 곳에서 최대가 됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.382-388
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• 2019

It is currently well known that surface textures act as lubricant reservoirs, entrap wear debris, and hydrodynamic bearings, which can lead to certain increases in load-carrying capacities. Until recently, the vast majority of research has focused on parallel sliding machine components such as thrust bearings, mechanical face seals, piston rings, etc. However, most sliding bearings have a convergent film shape in the sliding direction and their hydrodynamic pressure is mainly generated by the wedge action. Following the first part of the present study that investigates the effect of groove position on the lubrication performances of inclined slider bearings, this paper focuses on the effects of groove depths and film thicknesses. Using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT, the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations are numerically analyzed. The results show that the film thickness and groove depth have a significant influence on the pressure distribution. The maximum pressure occurs at the groove depth where the vortex is found and, as the depth increases, the pressure decreases. There is also a groove depth to maximize the supporting load with the film thickness. The friction force acting on the slider decreases with deeper grooves. Therefore, properly designed groove depths, depending on the operating conditions, can improve the load-carrying capacity of inclined slider bearings as compared to the bearings without a groove.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.175-187
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• 2003

일반적으로 사질토 지반의 원형수직구에 설치된 흙막이벽에 작용하는 토압은 삼차원 아칭효과로 인하여 평면변형조건의 옹벽에 작용하는 토압과는 다르며, 원통형 벽체의 설계를 위해서는 벽체에 작용하는 토압의 정확한 산정이 필요하다. 원형수직구에 설치된 벽체 배면지반의 파괴모드는 지중응력상태에 의존하게 되는데, 파괴모드는 실질적으로 원기둥형 활동면을 갖는 경우와 깔대기형 파괴면을 갖는 경우로 구분할 수 있다. 기존의 연구결과에 의하면 각각의 파괴모드에 대하여 원통형 벽체에 작용하는 토압공식이 제안되었으나, 도입된 가정으로 인하여 불합리한 경향을 보이는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 원통형 벽체에 작용하는 토압을 산정하기 위하여 각각의 파괴모드에 대하여 제안된 토압공식을 살펴보고, 각 토압공식에서 가정된 사항을 수정 제안하였다. 각각의 파괴모드에 대하여 수정 제안된 토압공식들은 상재하중과 벽면마찰을 고려하였으며, 활동면에서의 힘의 평형관계를 실제적으로 고려하였다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 비행 중 비행체 표면에 작용하는 음향하중 예측을 수행하였다. 비행 중 음향하중은 비행체 표면의 압력 변동에 의해 발생한다. 기존의 비행 중 음향하중 예측방법은 반경험적 방법으로 이론과 실험 결과를 기반으로 도출한 경험식을 활용한다. 하지만 경험식의 입력 값으로 사용되는 비행체 주변 유동특성 및 경계층 파라미터를 매번 실험을 통해 얻는 것에는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 전산유체해석(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD) 결과를 반경험적 방법과 혼합하는 하이브리드 방법을 이용하여 비행 중 비행체에 작용하는 음향하중을 예측하였다. Cone-cylinder-flare 형상 비행체에 대해 아음속, 천음속, 초음속, 최대동압도달(Maximum dynamic pressure, Max-q) 시점의 비행 환경에 대한 음향하중 예측을 수행하였다. 하이브리드 방법 적용 시 전산유체해석결과를 기반으로 한 경계층 끝단 영역 판단 방법에 대해 비교하였고 여러 연구자에 의해 제시된 경험식에 따른 음향하중 예측결과를 비교하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2015

Before salvaging a wrecked ship, the physics-based simulation is needed to predict lifting force before real operation by floating crane or barge. Procedures affecting lifting force for the salvage can be divided into three stages. At the first stage, the bottom breakout force for the wrecked ship to escape from seabed sediment should be calculated. At the second step, the current force acting on the wrecked ship while lifting from the seabed to near sea surface should be considered. Finally, buoyancy change near at the sea surface when the wrecked ship start to escape from the water should be considered. In the previous studies, only the breakout force at the first stage was calculated based on simple assumption of embedment depth and contact area of the wrecked ship. Therefore, we develop a program for salvage simulation including whole stages. It is composed of four modules such as the equations of motion, time integration, force calculation, and visualization. As a result, it is applied to simulate lifting the wrecked ship according to various environmental loads including seabed sediments.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 1998년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.15-28
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• 1998

As an alternative for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, we present a vorticity-based integro-differential formulation for vorticity, velocity and pressure variables. One of the most difficult problems encountered in the vorticity-based methods is the introduction of the proper value-value of vorticity or vorticity flux at the solid surface. A practical computational technique toward solving this problem is presented in connection with the coupling between the vorticity and the pressure boundary conditions. Numerical schemes based on an iterative procedure are employed to solve the governing equations with the boundary conditions for the three variables. A finite volume method is implemented to integrate the vorticity transport equation with the dynamic vorticity boundary condition . The velocity field is obtained by using the Biot-Savart integral derived from the mathematical vector identity. Green's scalar identity is used to solve the total pressure in an integral approach similar to the surface panel methods which have been well-established for potential flow analysis. The calculated results with the present mettled for two test problems are compared with data from the literature in order for its validation. The first test problem is one for the two-dimensional square cavity flow driven by shear on the top lid. Two cases are considered here: (i) one driven both by the specified non-uniform shear on the top lid and by the specified body forces acting through the cavity region, for which we find the exact solution, and (ii) one of the classical type (i.e., driven only by uniform shear). Secondly, the present mettled is applied to deal with the early development of the flow around an impulsively started circular cylinder.