• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 1991

This study was carried out to reconstruct three-dimensional plaster model of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of 3 Korean native goats. The representative coronal sections of the hypothalami were stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies to vasopressin and oxytocin simultaneously. Plaster models were reconstructed by schematic drawings which were made by tracing onto the tracing paper with the aid of a drawing attachment. The results were as follows: The configurations of the models of 3 supraoptic nuclei were slender spherical shape at their cranial parts, and the highest and widest size at middle parts, and became lower and narrow at caudal parts in two models, hence one was directed dorsolaterally. The medial surfaces of the para ventricular nuclei were vertically flat, and lateral surfaces were more complex than medial with processes directed dorsolaterally at their cranial portion. They change positions dorsally at caudal portion, and there were no significant variations in shape between them.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.671-681
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• 1995

This study was attempted to investigate the topographical distribution, shape and immunoreactivity of growth hormone-releasing factor(GRF)- and somatostatin(SOM)-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus of the Korean squirrels(Sciurus vulgalis coreae). For the light microscopical examination of immunohistochemistry, the brains were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution by means of intracardiac perfusion. And the frozen sections($40{\mu}m$ thick) were stained immunohistochemically by ABC method. Distribution of GRF immunoreactive neurons($12-17{\mu}m$) was highest in the paraventricular nucleus, moderate in the periventricular and supraoptic nuclei, and low in the arcuate nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area. Their immunoreactive fibers were found very high in the median eminence, moderately in the supraoptic, paraventricular and periventricular nuclei, and low in the arcuate nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area. SOM immunoreactive perikarya($14-18{\mu}m$) were found moderately in the periventricular nucleus near the subependymal layer of the third ventricle, and low in the arcuate and suprachiasmatic nuclei. SOM immunoreactive fibers were found high in the median eminence, and moderately or low in the arcuate and periventricular nuclei.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.5
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• pp.495-504
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• 1997

Water transport is mediated by two distinct pathways, diffusional and channel-mediated water transport. The first molecular water channel was identified from human erythrocytes in 1992. Genetically-related proteins from other mammalian tissues have subsequently been identified to transport water, and the group is referred to as th "Aquaporins". Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is most abundant in the brain, which may be involved in CSF reabsorption and osmoregulation. However, ontogeny and regulatory mechanisms of AQP4 channels have not been reported. Northern blot analysis showed that AQP4 mRNA began to be expressed in the brain just before birth and that its expression gradually increased by PN7 and then decreased at adult level. AQP4 was expressed predominantly in the ependymal cells of ventricles in newborn rats. And then its expression decreased in ependymal cells and increased gradually in other regions including supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. AQP4 is also expressed in the subfornical organ, in which the expression level is not changed after birth. Cryogenic brain injury did not affect expression of AQP4 mRNA, while ischemic brain injury decreased it. Osmotic water permeability of AQP4 channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes was inhibited by the pretreatment of BAPTA/AM and calmidazolium, a $Ca^{2+}/Calmodulin$ kinase inhibitor, in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that the expression and the function of AQP4 channel are regulated by developmental processes and various pathophysiological conditions. These results will contribute to the understanding of fluid balance in the central nervous system and the osmoregulatory mechanisms of the body.