• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.283-292
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• 2020

The implementation of physical or social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic has an implication on the shifting of conventional to online business activities. This study aims to explore how financial support, perceived benefits, external pressure determine social media marketing as well as understanding the role of internet and e-business technology (IEBT) that occurs in this relationship. This study adopted a quantitative study with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)-based variance Partial Least Square (PLS), which aims to enhance understanding of the relationship between variables. The surveyed population of this study came from 123 small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) owners in East Java of Indonesia, using an online survey and selected with the convenience random sampling method. The findings of this study indicated that the perceived benefits and external pressure have a positive effect on the adoption of IEBT. However, financial support failed in explaining SMEs' adoption of IEBT. This study confirmed that the adoption of IEBT has successfully mediated the influence of financial support, perceived benefits, and external pressure on social media marketing. Despite the samples solely collected from East Java, this study is the first step in research related to the social media marketing in SMEs in Indonesia.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.471-492
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• 2016

Underground tunnelling is one of the sustainable construction methods which can facilitate the increasing passenger transportation in the urban areas and benefit the community in the long term. Tunnelling in various ground conditions requires careful consideration of the stability factor. This paper investigates three dimensional stability of a shallow circular tunnel in a layered soil. Upper bound theorem of limit analysis was utilised to solve the tunnel face stability problem. A three dimensional kinematic admissible failure mechanism was improved to model a layered soil and limiting assumptions of the previous studies were resolved. The study includes calculation of the minimum support pressure acting on the face of the excavation in closed-face excavations. The effects of the characteristics of the layers on the minimum support pressure were examined. It was found that the ratio of the thickness of cover layers particularly when a weak layer is overlying a stronger layer, has the most significant influence on the minimum tunnel support pressure. Comparisons have been made with the results of the numerical modelling using FLAC3D software. Results of the current study were in a remarkable agreement with those of numerical modelling.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1077-1082
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• 2004

With increasing the number of tunnel constructions, more reliable analysis methods for tunnel excavation is needed to accomplish technically sound design, and stable and economical constructions. For this purpose, a series of construction procedures, which include excavation and support stages of tunneling, need to be considered. In this study, therefore, rock-support response behavior due to railway tunnel construction has been examined by using analytic methods and numerical calculations. For examining rock-support response behavior, the effects of shotcrete, thickness and time of installation have been considered. Through analytic and numerical calculations, it is shown that support pressure becomes higher with increasing the shotcrete thickness and stiffness, and hence the tunnel deformation tends to be stable. It is also important to notice that there is a significant effect of shotcrete installation time on the tunnel deformation, although no significant change in support pressure is observed.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.25-35
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• 2008

In domestic cases, the standard support pattern of 2-lanes road tunnels is presented because construction experience and high degree various data was abundant. But, it is not desirable to apply standard for 2-Arch tunnels that the precedent and measuring data is insufficient existing support pattern blasting plan and interpretation of separate way concerning specific terrain and rock quality. In this study, behavior according to load distribution ratio and Unsymmetrical Pressure about standard support pattern which is applied in design and construction of 2-arch tunnels was analysed and the examination of blasting vibration has influence on the center wall is conducted as a consequence reasonableness of support whether or not with presumed support pressure and ground reaction curve method. In result appropriateness of standard support pattern, support quantity is proper but considers specific terrain and rock quality condition when design and construction of further step 2-arch tunnel standard support pattern must be decided by considering terrains, soil properties and construction condition of the objective tunnel.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.99-110
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• 2012

Inclined Earth Retaining Structure Method (IER method, briefly) is developed in order to improve the existing earth retaining method. In IER method, there are three main structures, front support, back support, and head binding. Especially, back support acts the role that reduces the earth pressure acting on the front support. In this study, the stability according to the installation angle and stiffness of front or back support is analysed by model tests. By the test results, it is known that inclined back support is very effective to reduce the earth pressure acting on the front support. Especially, the effect of the stiffness and installation angle of back support is analysed.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.229-238
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of taping therapy and inner arch support on pes planus lower extremity alignment and gait. Method: The study was conducted on 13 women in their 20s who had pes planus and no gait problems. Independent variables were the condition of wearing basic socks (S1) and the condition of wearing socks with taping therapy and inner arch support (S2). The dependent variables were resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP), plantar pressure distribution during gait, and underlying and medial longitudinal arch angle measured using radiography. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test with SPSS 23.0 for comparison of S1 and S2. Results: In the RCSP measurement, the angle range of S2 changed to normal. Meary's angle appeared to be less than the angle of S1, indicating alleviation of the degree of pes planus. The calcaneal pitch angle increased at S2 from that at S1. The plantar pressure distribution was divided into four areas (toe, forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot). At S2, the maximum pressure increased in the toe and midfoot. The maximum force increased significantly in the toe and midfoot but decreased significantly in the forefoot and hindfoot. In addition, the contact area increased overall especially at the midfoot and hindfoot. Contact time decreased in the toe and forefoot, but increased in the midfoot and hindfoot. Conclusion: Taping therapy and inner arch support showed structural improvement of the pes planus. In addition, the force and pressure applied to the foot during walking are distributed evenly in the area of the sole, thus positively affecting walking.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.105-115
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• 2017

Continuous lifting and carrying of babies constitutes a serious physical burden, leading to issues such as muscle fatigue and pain in child-care workers. However, there is a lack of research on the pressure and subjective comfort of baby carriers that are commercially available in the market. Therefore, this study was intended to determine the most comfortable and least burdensome type of baby carrier. This was done by analyzing muscle activity and pressure when subjects carried babies using three types of baby carriers. The types of baby carriers evaluated included a 'baby carrier of thin shoulder straps without back support band (X-type)', a 'baby carrier with a back-support band and without a hip sheet (H-type)', and a 'baby carrier with back support band and hip support (H-hip type). The subjective comfort of subjects wearing each type of baby carrier was investigated and compared to the objectively measured data. As a result, the X-type baby carrier showed the heaviest pressure on the shoulders and the subjective comfort was found to not be good. On the waist region, the H-type and H-hip type baby carriers showed significantly less muscle activation than the X-type baby carrier. However, subjects showed a stronger preference for the X-type baby carrier on the waist region, despite greater muscle activation. This appears to be because although the back-support band disperses the weight and thus improves physiological comfort; the wearers feel cramped and thus, lower their psychological comfort.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.684-693
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• 2007

Previous trials for development of a pulsatile-Extracorporeal Life Support had some defects such as insufficient blood flow, high pressure at its membrane oxygenator and the high risk of blood cell damage. To solve those problems of previous pulsatile-ECLSs, we suggest dual pulsatile blood pump structure for the new pulsatile-ECLS. Two pulsatile pumps areconnected in a parallel manner and this new structure raises the inflow capacity and efficiency and it decreases the high blood pressure at membrane oxygenator. In in-vitro experiments, The Energy Equivalent Pressure Increment(EEP inc.) was 10%, and it showed that its pulsatilty was $5{\sim}10$ times higher than other commercial ECLS In in-vivo experiments, we had applied a new pulsatile-ECLS to 30 Kg pigs and a new pulsatile-ECLS couldsupport high blood flow and pulsatility above 2 L/min, 10% EEP inc.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.587-605
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• 2016

This study aimed to develop upper and lower bounds to predict the tunnel support pressure under the pile tip during the circular tunnel excavation. Most previous studies on the upper and lower bound methods were carried out for the single ground structures, e.g., retaining wall, foundation, ground anchor and tunnel, in the homogeneous ground conditions, since the pile-soil-tunnel interaction problem is very complicated and sophisticated to solve using those bound methods. Therefore, in the lower bound approach two appropriate stress fields were proposed for single pile and tunnel respectively, and then they were superimposed. In addition, based on the superimposition several failure mechanisms were proposed for the upper bound solution. Finally, these upper bound mechanisms were examined by shear strain data from the laboratory model test and numerical analysis using finite element method.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.337-344
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• 2022

In this work, the vibrational frequency of two layered FGM cylindrical shell with and without the effects of internal pressure under ring support are discussed in detailed. The functionally graded materials of a cylindrical shell are designed for specific purpose and studied under various boundary conditions. The Love shell dynamical equations theory is utilized to find the relationship between the curvature displacement and strain displacement. Natural frequency vibrations are analyzed by using volume polynomial for bi-layered FGM shell under ring support both for with and without internal pressures.