• Resources Recycling
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.3-9
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• 2021

In Korea, base metals such as lead, zinc, copper, tin, nickel, and aluminum have a polarized supply and demand structure. Despite the presence of world-class producers of lead, zinc, and copper, and their production is insufficient. And there are no domestic producers of tin, nickel, and aluminum, Thus, most of the domestic demand is dependent on imports. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare for the risk of supply interruption, such as the disruption of the import of base metals or interruption of domestic production. In this study, we estimated the quantity required to respond to the risk of import disruption, the quantity to which the market can respond, and the quantity to which the government needs to respond for six base metals (copper, lead, zinc, aluminum, nickel, and tin).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.735-736
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• 2005

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.1061-1065
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• 2007

기업의 경영활동이 글로벌화되면서 이를 둘러싼 경영환경도 급변하게 되어 기업이 처한 위험(Risk)의 유형과 빈도가 더욱 증가하게 되었다. 특히 인터넷 환경하의 정보시스템은 기업 경영의 효율성을 증가시킨 반면 이에 따른 위험(Risk)의 발생 정도와 그 파급 효과를 더욱 증가시키고 있다. 위험(Risk)을 인식하고 이를 분석하고 평가하여 관리하는 능력이 뛰어난 기업은 위험(Risk)에 따른 피해의 확산을 조기에 차단 하고 오히려 이를 기회로 이용할 수도 있다. 기존 연구는 위험관리(Risk Management)를 주로 재무관리 또는 보험관리 분야에서 다루어왔다. 일반적으로 자금의 조달이나 투자업무에 있어서 불확실성을 제거하고 분산 투자를 실행하고 미래의 불확실한 상황에 대비하여 보험을 준비하는 등의 내용들이 기존의 위험관리(Risk management)와 관련된 것이었다. 본 연구에서는 위험관리를 정보시스템 분야에 적용하여 정보시스템의 위험관리에 관한 인식을 고취하고, 나아가 보다 체계적인 Global SCM의 구축하여 글로벌 경쟁환경하에서 기업의 경쟁우위를 제고하고자 한다. 특히 기업위험관리(Enterprise Risk Management)관점에서 Global SCM의 위험관리체계의 프레임웍(Framework)을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.389-398
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• 2018

A nationwide survey of 8 N-nitrosamines in finished water samples from drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in Korea was conducted. The samples were pre-treated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed using a gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). According to the study results, four N-nitrosamines (NDMA, NDEA, NMOR, NDBA) were detected for three consecutive years, NMEA and NPYR were only found in samples collected in 2013. Two of these N-nitrosamines, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), have received attention and were the most commonly detected. The concentration of NDMA and NDEA in this study ranged from $0.002{\mu}g/L$ to $0.013{\mu}g/L$ and in $0.001{\mu}g/L$ to $0.008{\mu}g/L$, respectively. In comparison to studies performed in EPA(UCMR2), the concentrations of NDMA (from $0.002{\mu}g/L$ to $0.630{\mu}g/L$) and NDEA (from $0.005{\mu}g/L$ to $0.100{\mu}g/L$) observed in the this study were low.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.416-423
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• 2017

The subject samples include 150 and 170 samples collected from intake holes in the former and latter half of 2015, respectively. They were analyzed with ICP-MS. The average concentration of detected barium was $10.54{\mu}g/L$ ($0.23{\sim}168.22{\mu}g/L$) and $8.21{\mu}g/L$ ($0{\sim}255.65{\mu}g/L$) for the former and latter halves of 2015, respectively. The concentration distribution was the highest for the precambrian era at $19.07{\mu}g/L$ and the lowest Cenozoic era at $4.92{\mu}g/L$. The average value for sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks was $7.84{\mu}g/L$, $20.84{\mu}g/L$, and $9.47{\mu}g/L$, respectively, which indicates that it was the highest for metamorphic rocks. The study also analyzed correlations between barium and other minerals and found that magnesium recorded 0.44 and 0.71 for the former and latter half of 2015, respectively. As for barium concentration according to depth, it was relatively low in shallow groundwater (under 200 m) with its average concentration at $14.33{\mu}g/L$ and $14.71{\mu}g/L$ for the former and latter half of 2015, respectively. It was $8.53{\mu}g/L$ and $4.04{\mu}g/L$ in deep groundwater (over 200 m) for the two periods, respectively, The risk assessment results show that its average risk was HQ 0.00139 and HQ 0.00163 for the former and latter half of 2015, respectively, being considerably lower than "1", which suggests that barium poses few possibilities of consumption risk.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.187-214
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• 2012

Supply chain management(SCM) helps firms in integrating their business by collaborating with other value chain partners to meet the unpredictable demand of the end user. Agility is the fundamental characteristic of a supply chain needed for survival in turbulent and volatile markets, which are becoming norms as product life cycles shorten and environmental forces create additional uncertainty resulting in higher risk in the supply chain management. Literature reviews reveals various factors that could affect the agility. The objective of this study is to derive interdependence, partnership, quality of information, joint problem solving, modelize the mutual influential relationship between them, and look into the influential relationship influencing the agility. To test the proposed model, we used a data set generated from survey. Date analysis was conducted using 122 respondents. We used structural equation model (SEM) implemented in partial least square(PLS). The results of this study can be summarized as follows. Interdependence had a significant impact on partnership. Partnership had a significant impact on quality of information and joint problem solving. Quality of information had a significant impact on joint problem solving. Quality of information and joint problem solving had a significant impact on agility. This study diagnoses that Inter-organizational relationship characteristics are important for supply chain agility. Inter-organizational relationship characteristics are considered as an essential factor for supply chain agility.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.217-236
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of the New Container Security Initiatives of U.S., CSI(Container Security Initiative) and C-TPAT(Customs-Trade Partnership against Terrorism). The CSI which aims to pre-screen high-risk containers in ports of loading. It is a unilateral effort that seeks to develop bi-lateral agreements between the United States and foreign countries with significant container trade volumes into the U.S. C-TPAT is a voluntary initiative to develop cooperative security relationships between the U.S. government and U.S. firms in the global supply chain. Government and Industry have already responded with proposals to create more confidence in supply chain security. These proposals call for heightened inspection and scrutiny of the goods flowing through a supply chain, increased information exchange among participants of supply chain. While government and the private sector are working together to launch new initiative to create more secure and reliable supply chains, industry is rapidly exploring the potential of new technologies such as RFID. The security recommendations will eventually become the requirements to be complied with by importers and their supplier extending to the carriers. It is needed that Korean shippers involved in US importer's supply chain should pay attention to the requirements and start implementing the security measures.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2012

While the natural gas supply industry has continuously been growing, its potential hazard has also risen since the natural gas facilities essentially require installations that carry highly flammable and pressurized gas close to the populated areas, posing a serious consequence of significant property damage as well as human casualties in the event of accident. Therefore Quantitative Risk Assessment (QAR) has been recognized as a appropriate method to reduce the risk as far as possible, considering the reality of unachievable zero-risk. However, it is hard to perform effective QRA on hundreds of gas facilities because of insufficient number of expert and long-term analysis. In this paper, we suggest a conceptual QRA system framework to support more efficient risk analysis in gas supply facilities. In this system, the experts make questionnaires and internal calculation formula needed in accident frequency/consequence analysis of the facility through pre-analysis on the point of analysis, called incident point, and general users locate the point on the map and input the value required by the questionnaire to obtain the risk. Ultimately, this is suggested based on the idea that the specialization is available in QRA analysis process and the validity of the system is verified through actual system construction and application.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.395-416
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• 2008

The advance information for oceangoing cargoes destined to th United States enable CBP to evaluate the potential risk of smuggling WMD and to facilitate the prompt release of legitimate cargo following its arrival in the Unites States. On January 1, 2008, CBP promulgate regulations, also known as 10+2 rule, to require the electronic transmission of additional data elements for improved high-risk targeting, including appropriate security elements of entry data for cargo destined to the United States by vessel prior to loading of such cargo on vessels at foreign seaports. The potential impact to an importer's international supply chain will be as follows ; Firstly, importers will take incremental supply chain costs and filing costs. Secondly, anticipate delay in shipment of containerized cargo. Thirdly, importers could be charged fines if they fail to file and file inaccurate or missing data. Companies exporting to the United States should be interested in 10+2 rule, analyze their current processes and procedures to ensure that they are prepared to handle the additional filing requirements of 10+2 rule. And they should focus on how 10+2 impacts their supply chain in terms of costs and sourcing. They will be necessary to revise service legal agreements with their forwarders, customs brokers or carriers in order to meet filing requirements of 10+2 rule.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.56-63
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• 2007

These days, needs and wants of the customers are getting diversified and the market is also changing rapidely. Many organizations are now attempting change and innovation activities to improve products and service quality. This study was performed to apply 6 sigma tools for the efficient repair management of city gas supply equipment. Vital few factors, RISK factors, sigma values, root causes. and solutions were derived by 6 sigma tools. We are performing statistical process control for the new process. Six sigma for city gas supply equipment safety management enabled to improve the business management for efficiency by reducing variation and eliminating cost for quality.